1、专业英语八级听力-32及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BLISTENING COMPR(总题数：6，分数：100.00)Considerations of Learning-centered Teaching. IntroductionA. the goal of most courses: to enhance students understandingdifferent understanding calls for different teaching methodsB. most forms of understanding are expressed by
2、 U U 1 /U /Uexample: weight for heavinessC. other kinds of learning besides understanding1. the key learning activity: U U 2 /U /U2. memorizing and recalling U U 3 /U /U3. acquiring attitudes and values, etc.different learning calls for different teaching methods. Ways of categorization and modeling
3、 studentsA. holists: students who view U U 4 /U /Uas a wholeB. serialists: students who begin U U 5 /U /UC. visualisers: students who depend on visual materialsD. verbalisers: students who prefer to listen, read, discuss, etc.E. U U 6 /U /U: students who believe that to practice is to understand. St
4、udents approaches to learningA. U U 7 /U /Uapproach: intending to further understanding and to question ideasB. U U 8 /U /Uapproach: intending to memorize information and to obey instructions. Course evaluation through feedbackA. feedback reveals about the learners and the course or U U 9 /U /UB. fe
5、edback can be U U 10 /U /Uunless properly analyzed （分数：15.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Dealing with Lifes Sticky SituationsIn our daily life, it is unavoidable that we run into some sticky situations. If we react properly, the harm can be reduced to the minimum.Ther
6、e are ways to tackle several such situations:. Sending all incriminating e-mail to the wrong person by accidentA. First of all, youd better U U 11 /U /U.B. They will not believe you if you say you do not mean it, so instead turn the situation into U U 12 /U /U. Somebody insulted or badmouthed a pers
7、on you likePut in mind that never be silent and let it pass by, for your silence might be interpreted as U U 13 /U /U. You spilled something on yourself but you are already on the way somewhereA. A Tide Stain Stick works miraculous.B. If you do not take any remedy, just U U 14 /U /Uafter arriving yo
8、ur destination.C. If you try to pretend there is no stain on you, then the stain might U U 15 /U /U. You ordered far less than your friend who wants to go halvesA. You might be accused as being U U 16 /U /UI if you insist on paying your bill only.B. You should be straightforward and say you are on a
9、 budget.It is important to say you would like to share the bill U U 17 /U /U. You forget to wear makeup while on the way outA. U U 18 /U /Uwill give you a lot help.B. Also, U U 19 /U /Uwill give you a glow and make you look amazing. You realize too late that you do not take any moneyA. Call a friend
10、 who lives nearby.B. Ask a co-worker at the same level for help instead of a U U 20 /U /U.C. Take some money in your phone case or glove compartment for emergency. （分数：15.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_How to Keep Food Fresh Longer. The importance of keeping food fres
11、hA. Food we throw away nearly doubles that of 20 years ago.B. A typical family of four spending $364 a week will lose about U U 21 /U /Ua year. Ways to prolong the time before food spoilA. Methods to keep herbs fresh1. The best way is to store them U U 22 /U /U.2. Seal them in zip lock bags after U
12、U 23 /U /Uand put them in the refrigerator.B. Methods to keep flour and pasta1. They usually last long.2. With the bay leaves to protect them, most U U 24 /U /Uwill last for several months.C. Some suggestions on preserving cheese1. The key to keep cheese moist in the freezer is to put some butter on
13、 it.2. This method works best on U U 25 /U /U.D. Ways to maintain the freshness of salt1. The most important thing to keep salt is to U U 26 /U /Uand prevent it from clumping together.2. Some U U 27 /U /Uwill stop the salt from hardening.E. Tips about honey1. U U 28 /U /Uin honey keeps it from going
14、 bad.2. When honey crystallizes, do not throw it for U U 29 /U /Uwill make it clear again.F. Ways to test the freshness of eggs1. Fresh eggs sink in water while spoiled ones float.2. Spoiled eggs have U U 30 /U /Uwhen the shell is cracked open. （分数：15.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项
15、1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_English Business Letter Format. Demands of stationerythe first page is with a letterheadother pages are of U U 31 /U /Uand colorone thing a personal letter should U U 32 /U /U: using letterhead stationery. Matters needing attention concerning typingidentical typeface and sizecorrect g
16、rammar and spellingneat arrangementuse of U U 33 /U /Uto promote the appearance of the letter. Sections of a traditional business letterA. Return addressjustifying each linenormally putting it at the topexcluding U U 34 /U /UB. Date of the letterwhite space between the return address and the date is
17、 U U 35 /U /UnowadaysC. Inside addressconsisting of receivers name and his/her addressD. Salutationways to U U 36 /U /Uthe intended recipientE. Main partboth indented paragraphs and block paragraphs are U U 37 /U /Ufully squared paragraphs should be cautiously U U 38 /U /UF. ClosingG. Typed writers
18、namesignature is above the typed name while the job title is below it. Supplementary requirementsputting cc at the bottom when U U 39 /U /Uare necessaryputting the initials of the professional typistnoting enclosuresresisting templates which are usually U U 40 /U /Urefusing Office Bob （分数：15.00）填空项1
19、:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_You Should Always NegotiateFor many kinds of bills, people simply pay whatever they are charged. But the truth is there is room for most of the bills. Tips on Doctor BillsA. The different standards doctors apply to patients largely rest on U U
20、41 /U /U.B. You can U U 42 /U /Uif you pay in cash. Cable and Phone BillsThe most important thing to conclude the bargain is to U U 43 /U /U. Credit Card Interest RatesA. The precondition to ask for lowering credit card interest rates is U U 44 /U /U.B. When you get a lowered interest rates, be caut
21、ious about U U 45 /U /U. CarsA. Dealer shops are not known women-friendly, so it is a better choice for women buyers to U U 46 /U /U.B. Besides bargain on the car, you should bargain on U U 47 /U /Uas hard. HotelsA. Though the discount is usually easy to get, U U 48 /U /Uactually do not ask for it.B
22、. Many hotels are willing to get lower because of U U 49 /U /Uin recent years. Furniture/AppliancesU U 50 /U /Uis the time retailers must get the floor model off for the next season. （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Negotiating Skills Can Be Learned. The definiti
23、on of negotiationA. the definition variesB. a comprehensive definition: negotiation is a U U 51 /U /U. The crucial role of negotiationA. a strategy used U U 52 /U /Uby managersB. a U U 53 /U /Uform of interaction. Present situation of training in negotiationA. limited courses with U U 54 /U /UB. int
24、ending for an U U 55 /U /Uof engagement. Negotiating modelsA. a big mistake: using the same model, U U 56 /U /UB. negotiating models:1. U U 57 /U /Uwinnerloserwidely used but not recommended2. cooperativeU U 58 /U /U: mutual respect and rational considerationwin-win situation3. compromisewin a littl
25、e4. accommodationlose now, win later5. U U 59 /U /Unegotiate elsewhere to win. Soft skillsA. good preparationB. U U 60 /U /UC. the ability to establish an interdependent and partnership-like feel （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级听力-32答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90
26、分钟)一、BLISTENING COMPR(总题数：6，分数：100.00)Considerations of Learning-centered Teaching. IntroductionA. the goal of most courses: to enhance students understandingdifferent understanding calls for different teaching methodsB. most forms of understanding are expressed by U U 1 /U /Uexample: weight for hea
27、vinessC. other kinds of learning besides understanding1. the key learning activity: U U 2 /U /U2. memorizing and recalling U U 3 /U /U3. acquiring attitudes and values, etc.different learning calls for different teaching methods. Ways of categorization and modeling studentsA. holists: students who v
28、iew U U 4 /U /Uas a wholeB. serialists: students who begin U U 5 /U /UC. visualisers: students who depend on visual materialsD. verbalisers: students who prefer to listen, read, discuss, etc.E. U U 6 /U /U: students who believe that to practice is to understand. Students approaches to learningA. U U
29、 7 /U /Uapproach: intending to further understanding and to question ideasB. U U 8 /U /Uapproach: intending to memorize information and to obey instructions. Course evaluation through feedbackA. feedback reveals about the learners and the course or U U 9 /U /UB. feedback can be U U 10 /U /Uunless pr
30、operly analyzed （分数：15.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：new concepts）解析：听力原文 Good morning, everyone. In todays lecture, we shall discuss some considerations of learning-centered teaching. First of all, Id say, most courses today try to help students develop their understanding. But understanding a foreign language is
31、 not the same as understanding why someone is upset or understanding electromagnetism or understanding history. Therefore, it is not to be expected that the same teaching methods will be appropriate to these different kinds of understanding. The next point Id like to make is that, most forms of unde
32、rstanding are expressed by concepts which differ from everyday ones. For example, we all know that suitcases get heavier the longer you carry them, but in science this is described in terms of constant weight plus increasing fatigue. The concept weight is introduced and laid alongside the commonsens
33、e concept of heaviness. Similarly we all know that time passes quickly when we are absorbed and slowly when we are bored, but science tells us that this is an illusion: Time really ticks away at a steady rate. Note that conceptual change should not be the aim, as is sometimes suggested, since people
34、 still need their common sense. The aim is to add new sets of concepts and to explain when to use which sets. Thirdly, understanding is not the only kind of learning which students need to master. Instruction, demonstration and error-correction are the key leaching activities while practice is the m
35、ain learning activity. Students also have to memorize information and be able to recall it when required, as well as acquire several other kinds of learning (such as know-how, attitudes and values), each of which calls for different teaching methods. So learning-centered teaching includes a consciou
36、s matching of teaching methods to the intended kind of learning. While good teaching involves, among other things, helping students to achieve their chosen learning goals, the picture is further complicated by the different learning styles adopted by different groups of students. And the following a
37、re ways of categorization and modeling students, which are proved to be useful, particularly in connection with understanding. Firstly, Id like to call some students holists, which means they like to take an overview of a subject first and then fill in the details and concepts in their own way. Seco
38、ndly, there are serialists who like to follow a logical progression of a subject, beginning at the beginning. Educational researcher Gordon Pask structured some teaching materials in both a holist and a serialist manner, and tested previously-sorted cohorts of students using them. He found that the
39、best performance of those who were mismatched (i.e. holist students with serialist materials, and vice versa) was worse than the worst performance of those who were matched to the learning materials. This seems to imply, for example, that educational textbookswhich are naturally serialist in charact
40、ershould include signposts, summaries, alternative explanations of difficult concepts, explanatory figure captions, a glossary of terms, a good index, etc., to help holist students find their own way through them. Similarly projects, which are naturally holist in character, since they are usually specified in terms of a final goal, can cause problems for serialists, who may therefore need step-by-step guidance. The third group of students are visualisers whose learning is helped by the inclusion of diag
