1、2004年英语专业八级真题答案真题 120PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task afte
2、r the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文Language is used for doing things. People use it in everyday conversation for transac
3、ting business, planning meals and vacations, debating politics and gossiping. Teachers use it for instructing students, and comedians use it for amusing audiences. All these are instances of language use, that is, activities in which people do things with language. As we can see, language use is rea
4、lly a form of joint actions. What is a joint action? I think it is an action that is carried out by a group of people doing things in coordination with each other. A simple example: think of two people waltzing, or playing a piano duet. When two dancers waltz, they each move around the ballroom in a
5、 special way. But waltzing is different from the sum of their individual actions. Can you imagine these two dancers doing the same steps but in separate rooms or at separate times. So Waltzing is, in fact, the joint action that merges as the two dancers do their individual steps in coordination as a
6、 couple. Similarly, doing things with language is also different form the sum of a speakers speaking and a listeners listening. It is the joint action that merges when speakers and listeners, or writers and readers, perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can sa
7、y that language use incorporates both individual and social processes. Speakers and listeners, writers and readers, must carry out actions as individuals if they are to succeed in their use of language. But they must also work together as participants in a social unit I have called ensembles. In the
8、 example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies, arms and legs and joint actions coordinating these movements as they create the Waltz. In the past, language use has been studied as if it were entirely an individual process, and it has also been st
9、udied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without viewing it as a joint action built on individual actions. In order to explain how all these actions work, Id like to review briefly settings of language use. By
10、 settings, I mean scene in which the language use takes place, plus the medium which refers to whether language used is spoken or written. And in this talk, Ill focus on spoken settings. The spoken setting mentioned most often is conversation, either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations
11、may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific matters, but they are all characterized by the free exchange of turns among the two or more participants. Ill call these personal settings. Then we have what I would call non-personal settings. A typical example is the monologue. In monol
12、ogues, one person speaks with little or no opportunity for interruption or turns by the members of the audience. Monologues come in many varieties too, as when a professor lectures to a class or a student gives a presentation in a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they formu
13、late themselves for the audience before them and the audience isnt expected to interrupt. In another kind of setting which is called institutional settings, the participants engage in speech exchanges that look like ordinary conversation, but they are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we
14、can think of a government official holding a news conference, a lawyer cross-questioning a witness in court, or a professor directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less spontaneous, even no turns of speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other way
15、s. The person speaking isnt always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples in fictional settings. Vivien Leigh plays Scarlet OHara in Gone with the Wind. Frank Loesser sings a love song in front of a live audience. The speakers are each vocalizing words prepared b
16、y someone else, for instance, a playwright or a composer, and are openly pretending to be speakers expressing intentions that are not necessarily their own. Finally, there are private settings, in which people speak for themselves without actually addressing anyone else. For example, I like to expla
17、in silently to myself, or talk to myself about solving a research problem, or rehearsing what Im about to say in a seminar tomorrow. What I say isnt intended to be recognized by other people; it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings. 第1题：参考答案：A答案解析：第2题：参考答案：B答案解析：第3题：参
18、考答案：C答案解析：第4题：参考答案：D答案解析：第5题：参考答案：D答案解析：听力原文H: Good evening, Im Nancy Johnson. The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang. W: Hello. H: Professor Wang, you are now professor emeritus of Australian National University. And in your long academic career, yo
19、uve worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you are still very fond of your university days as a student. W: Thats right. That was in 1949. The university I went to was a brand new university then, and the only one in the country a
20、t that time. When I look back, it was an amazingly small university and we knew everybody. H: How did the students like you, for example, study then? W: We did not study very hard, because we did not have to. We didnt have all these fantastic competitions as you have today. We were always made to fe
21、el that getting a first degree in the Arts faculty was not preparation for a profession, it was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers, and we had such a good time. We were left very much on our own, and we were encouraged to make things happen. H : What do you
22、think is the most striking difference in the present day education since then? W: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today. H: Yes, definitely so. And in your subsequent career experience as an educator, and later administrator in various inst
23、itutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere, Prof. Wang, you have repeatedly noted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in the broad context. What do you mean by that? W. Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education and universities to me
24、et the needs of mass education. And entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered about. Therefore, the emphasis of university programs toda
25、y is now on the practical and the utilitarian rather than on the general education or on personal development. H: Do you think that is a welcome development? W: Well, I personally regret this development. But the basic bachelors education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper t
26、o find a decent job. H: So you are concerned about this development? W: Yes, Im very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learned are technical skills which didnt require you to become very well educated. Yet, if you can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So t
27、he technical institutions are going to be increasingly popular at the expense of traditional universities. H: Prof. Wang, lets look at a different issue. How do you comment on the current phenomenon that more and more universities admit students because of the fees they pay? W: Well, once you accept
28、 students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on improving the quality of education. H. Yes, you are righ
29、t. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Prof. Wang, lets turn to the future. What types of graduates, in your view, do universities of the future need to produce if they are to remain relevant? W. I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another,
30、because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Todays rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see, the best universities in the world are already trying to guarantee that their students will not only b
31、e technically-trained, but can be that kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation. H. I guess may people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both professional and personal intellectual development of students. But still some might believe that there
32、is a definite place for education in the broader sense, that is to say, in personal intellectual development. W. No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society. If a society does not have philosophers, or people who t
33、hink about the value of life, its a very sad society indeed. H: Prof. Wang, my last question, do you see any common ground in education between your generation and young generation now? W: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornerstone of our generations legacy to education. And the futu
34、re of education in a country rests not so much on the construction of better buildings, labs, etc, but on the development of an ever adaptable mind. H: Thats true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. OK, thank you very much, Prof. Wang, for talking to us on the show about the chan
35、ging trends in education. W: You are welcome. 第6题：参考答案：C答案解析：第7题：参考答案：B答案解析：第8题：参考答案：C答案解析：第9题：参考答案：C答案解析：第10题：参考答案：D答案解析：SECTION B In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER
36、SHEET.听力原文A new data shows that the global AIDS epidemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases, declines of almost three decades. Several nations are losing a century of progress in extending the length of life. Nations in every part of the world, 51 in all
37、, are suffering declining life expectancies because of an increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The impact is occurring in Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, but is the greatest in Sub-Sahara Africa, a region with only ten percent of the worlds population, but 700% of HIV infections. Seven Afr
38、ican countries have life expectancies of less than 40 years. For example, in Botswana, where 39% of the adult population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is 39 years. But by 2010, it will be less than 27 years. Without AIDS, it would have been 44 years. Life expectancies throughout the Caribbea
39、n and some central American nations will drop into the 60s by 2010, when it would otherwise be in tile 70s without AIDS. In Cambodia and Burma, they are predicted to decline to around 60 years old, for what would have been in the mid-60s. Even in countries where the number of new infections is dropp
40、ing, such as Thailand, Uganda and Senegal, small life expectancy drop is forecast. Back in the early 1990s, we never would have suspected that population growth would turn negative because of AIDS mortality. In less than 10 years, we expect that 5 countries will be experiencing negative population g
41、rowth because of AIDS mortality, including South Africa, Mozambique, Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland. 第11题：参考答案：B答案解析：第12题：参考答案：D答案解析：第13题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文The European Union has drafted a list of US products to be hit with import taxes in retaliation for tariffs the US has imposed on European steel.
42、EU member governments will review the list before the EU submits it to the World Trade Organization which arbitrates international trade disputes. EU officials will not say which American products will be hit by the EU sanctions. But diplomats monitoring the most recent trans Atlantic trade dispute
43、say they include textiles and steel products. Earlier this month, the Bush administration imposed tariffs of about 30% on some steel imports including European products. The EU has appealed to the WTO to get those duties verturned. But the WTO decision on the matter will take up to a year or more. E
44、U officials say that under WTO rules, the EU has the right to impose retaliatory measures in June, but they say the US can avoid the EUs possible counter-measures if it pays more than 2 billion dollars in compensation to the EU for imposing the steel tariffs in the first place. The officials say Was
45、hington could also escape retaliation by lowering US import duties on other EU products. The Bush administration says it will not pay compensation. 第14题：参考答案：B答案解析：第15题：参考答案：A答案解析：SECTION C In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow
46、. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.第16题：参考答案：character详细解答：第17题：参考答案：first详细解答：第18题：参考答案：morning详细解答：第19题：参考答案：listen详细解答：第20题：参考答案：interest详细解答：第21题：参考答案：tones详细解答：第22题：参考答案：discomfort详细解答：第23题：参考答案：conversation或talk详细解答：第24题：参考答案：handshake详细解答：第25题：参考答案：men详细解答：PART IV
47、 PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word,
48、 underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a sign and writet 第26题：参考答案：在set与for之间加up。详细解答：表示“成立”委员会一般要用set up。第27题：参考答案：将consisted改成consisting。详细解答：此处consisting of members of both houses为动名词短语作joint committees的后置定语。consist of为不及物动词短语。第28题：参考答案
