1、2006年英语专业八级真题答案真题 120PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task afte
2、r the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文 Good morning. In todays lecture, we shall discuss what meaning is in literary works.
3、 When we read novels, poems etc., we invariably ask ourselves a question, that is what does the writer mean here. In other words, we are interested in finding out the meaning. But meaning is a difficult issue in literature. How do we know what a work of literature is supposed to mean? Or what its re
4、al meaning is? Id like to discuss three ways to explain what meaning is. 1、Meaning is what is intended by the author. 2、Meaning is created by and contained in the text itself. And 3、Meaning is created by the reader. Now lets take a look at the first approach, that is meaning is what is intended by t
5、he author. Does a work of literature mean what the author intended to mean? And if so, how can we tell? If all the evidence we have is the text itself and nothing else, we can only guess what ideas the author had according to our understanding of literature and the world. In order to have a better i
6、dea of what one particular author means in one of his works, I suggest that you do the following. First, go to the library and read other works by the same author. Second, get to know something about what sort of meanings seem to be common in literary works in that particular tradition and at that t
7、ime. In other words, we need to find out what the literary trends were in those days. And last, get to know what were the cultural values and symbols of the time. I guess you can understand the authors meaning much more 4.4 clearly after you do the related background research. Now, lets move on to t
8、he second approach to meaning, that is meaning is created by and contained in the text itself. Does the meaning exist in the text? Some scholars argue that the formal properties of the text like grammar, diction, uses of image and so on, and so forth, contain and produce the meaning so that any educ
9、ated or competent reader will inevitably come to more or less the same interpretation as any other. As far as I am concerned, the meaning is not only to be found in the literary traditions and grammatical conventions of meaning, but also in the cultural codes which have been handed down from generat
10、ion to generation. So when we and other readers including the author as well are set to come up with similar interpretations, that kind of agreement could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage, practice and interpretation. In other words, we have some kind of shared basis for the
11、same interpretation. But that does not mean that readers agree on the meaning all the time. In different time periods, with different cultural perspectives, including class, belief and world view, readers-I mean, competent readers-can arrive at different interpretations of texts. So meaning in the t
12、ext is determined by how readers see it. It is not contained in the text in a fixed way. Now, the third approach to meaning, that is, meaning is created by the reader. Does the meaning then exist in the readers response? In a sense, this is inescapable. Meaning exists only in so far as it means to s
13、omeone. And literary works are written in order to evoke sets of responses in the reader. This leads us to consider three essential issues. The first is, meaning is social, that is language and conventions work only a shared meaning and our way of viewing the world can exist only as shared or sharab
14、le. Similarly, when we read a text, we are participating in social or cultural meaning. So response to a piece of literary work is not merely an individual thing, but is part of culture and history. Second, meaning is contextual. If you change the context, you often change the meaning. And last, mea
15、ning requires reader competency. Texts constructed as literature have their own ways of expressions, or sometimes we say styles. And the more we know of them, the more we can understand the text. Consequently, there is, in regard to the question of meaning, the matter of reader competency, as it is
16、called, the experience and knowledge of comprehending literary texts. Your professors might insist that you practice and improve competency in reading, and they might also insist that you interpret meaning in the context of the whole work. But you may have to learn other competencies too. For instan
17、ce, in reading Mark Rutlands The Untouchables, you might have to learn what the social structure of India was like at that time, what traditions of writing were in practice in India in the early 1930s, what political, cultural and personal influences Mark Rutland came under when constructing the ima
18、ginative world of the short novel. Ok! You may see that this idea that meaning requires competency in reading, in fact, brings us back to the historically situated understandings of an author and his works as we mentioned earlier in this lecture. To different conventions and ways of reading and writ
19、ing, and to the point, that meaning requires a negotiation between cultural meanings across time, culture, class etc. As readers, you have in fact acquired a good deal of competency already, but you should acquire more. The essential point of this lecture, is that meaning in literature is a phenomen
20、on that is not easily located, that meaning is historical, social and derived from the traditions of reading and thinking, and understanding of the world that you are educated about. Thank you for your attention. 第1题：参考答案：the author详细解答：第2题：参考答案：other works详细解答：第3题：参考答案：literary trends详细解答：第4题：参考答案：
21、grammar, diction, image详细解答：第5题：参考答案：cultural codes详细解答：第6题：参考答案：cultural详细解答：第7题：参考答案：the reader详细解答：第8题：参考答案：social详细解答：第9题：参考答案：reader competency详细解答：第10题：参考答案：social structure / traditions of writing / influences详细解答：SECTION B In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully
22、and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.听力原文M: Well, I see from your resume, Miss Green, that you studied at the University of Cambridge. How did you find it there? W: I had a great time. The teaching there was good and I made a lot of
23、 friends. The psychology department was a great place to be. M: How come you chose psychology? W: Well. At first I didnt have any clear idea of what I wanted to do after university. I guess Ive just always been interested in people and the way they act. I wanted to know why people think and act the
24、way they do. Its a fascinating area. M: And what was the course like? W: Good. The teachers were all really nice and they had the special approach to teaching .You know, they didnt just give us lectures and tell us to read books like they might do in some more traditional places. The whole course wa
25、s based on a problem-solving approach. You know, they describe a particular situation to us and we discuss what might happen. And after that, we do some reading and see if they confirm our own ideas. Thats what I like best, the really practical orientation of the course. I learned very well with tha
26、t style. So for me, it was just great. M: I see from your resume that you graduated about four years ago and after that let me see W: I got a job with the Department of Employment. It was only a temporary thing for about five months. I was a researcher in the Department. We designed a survey, go out
27、 to the factories and ask all the questions to the workers and management, then go back to the office, analyze all the data and produce report. It was quite interesting. And I guess the psychology course at college helped me a lot. M: And after that you worked for three years in an advertising agenc
28、y. That must be a bit of change from the Department of Employment, wasnt it? W: Well, not really. I suppose the office furnishings were a bit more sophisticated, but the work was quite similar, I was basically still doing the same thing, designing questionnaires, going out, asking questions and writ
29、ing reports. The only difference was that this time I wasnt asking people about their work. I was asking them what kind of shampoo they bought and if they prefer brand X to brand Y. Then Id make up a report and the agency would use the information in their advertising campaigns. I enjoyed my work a
30、lot. M: So why did you decide to leave？ W: Three years is a long time to be asking people those sort of questions about shampoo and drinks. No, seriously, after two years I was in charge of the research department of the agency and I had one assistant researcher. I guess after two years of doing tha
31、t I supposed I felt, you know, I can do this well and now I want to do something else thats a little different. And there was nowhere for me to go inside the company. It just wasnt challenging for me anymore. And because I needed a challenge, I decided to move on. When I heard about the position of
32、senior researcher here, I thought thats exactly what I want. The chance to combine my management skills and my research interests, working in a much larger department with more varied work. M: And you felt the job description in our advertisement would offer you the kind of challenge youre looking f
33、or? W: Exactly, yes. As I said management in a larger organization and research combined. Also, to be honest with you, I heard about the job before it was advertised. A friend of mine who works here, Mark Auston, told me a few weeks ago that you were looking for someone to take over the job. He desc
34、ribed the position to me in quite a bit of detail. And I thought, well, that is exactly what I am looking for. So really Id written my letter application before the job was even advertised. M: I should tell you that with the present cutbacks, weve only got one full time administering assistant in th
35、e section. How would you feel about doing your own word processing, photocopying, that sort of thing? W: Oh, Im used to that. Ive done all my own word processing for ages. Its the only way to write really, isnt it? I can type well, about 60 words a minute. I did secretarial course after I left schoo
36、l, so I learned typing and shorthand. Then a few years later, I bought a PC and I learned how to do word processing too. M: Well, thats handy. Now in the position youve applied for youd have five assistant researchers responsible to you. Thats considerably more responsibility than you have had befor
37、e. So youre obviously ambitious and as you said you like challenge. I was wondering what you see yourself doing, in, say, five or ten years on the track. W: Oh, thats a difficult question. Let me try to answer your question this way. Im particularly interested in experimental design and also in teac
38、hing. Id like to continue the organization in planning side of research, but do some teaching too. I know that you have lecturers here who do just that sort of thing, some practical work and some undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. So thats what I really be aiming for, to be a lecturer here as
39、well. M: Well, thats certainly a career path that wed encourage you to follow. But of course, it might be necessary to upgrade your present qualifications first. I see from your resume that youve enrolled in a M: experimental psychology. Could you tell me a bit about the course youre planning to tak
40、e? 第11题：参考答案：C答案解析：第12题：参考答案：D答案解析：第13题：参考答案：B答案解析：第14题：参考答案：D答案解析：第15题：参考答案：A答案解析：SECTION C In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.听力原文A man stole a small aircraft
41、at gunpoint Sunday and flew it over downtown Frankfurt, circling skyscrapers and threatening to crash into the European Central Bank. He landed safely after about two hours and was arrested. The man told the television station he wanted to call attention to Judith Resnik, a US astronaut killed in th
42、e 1986, post-lannch explosion of the space shuttle Challenger. Military jets chased the stolen two-seat motorized glider as the man began circling slowly above Frankfurts banking district. Thousands of people were evacuated from the main railway station, two upper housds and several skyscrapers. Pol
43、ice identified the man as a 31-year-old German student from Darmstadt, a city about 25 miles south of Frankfurt. In radio contact with air traffic controllers, the man threatened to crash into the European Central Bank headquarters unless he was allowed the TV interview as well as a call to Baltimor
44、e. He later said he wanted to commit suicide by plunging the plane into the Main River. It was unclear if the man was forced to land or talked down. Air traffic controllers and the police psychologist had been in contact with him. 第16题：参考答案：D答案解析：第17题：参考答案：C答案解析：听力原文Shanghai plans to build a vast un
45、derground network of malls, restaurants and parking lots to make up for a lack of space above the ground, according to a recent government report. The development will cover 600,000 square meters, the equivalent of 120 soccer fields, spread across four underground floors, the city government reporte
46、d on its website. The city is accepting bids from builders. Shanghai has about 20 million people, plus factories, office towers, and high-rise apartments, crowded into a small triangular territory near the mouth of Yangtze River. The plans call for the project, due to be finished by 2006, to expand
47、existing facilities scattered along shanghai subway system. The project will need advanced technology to supply fresh air and ensure safety. But the biggest concern is the stability of the soil under the city. Shanghai is sinking by 1.5 centimeters a year land-subsiding has been aggravated by over-p
48、umping of underground water and the construction of thousands of high-rise buildings. Shanghai foundations are built on soft soil, so building multi-storied spaces underground would be like digging holes in a piece of bean curd, the government report said. The difficulties are easy to see. 第18题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文A credit card that only works when it hears its owners voice has been developed by U. S.scientists. Researchers hope that the device, which comes wi
