1、2002年英语专业八级真题答案真题 120PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task afte
2、r the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文The first era in American urban history extended from the early 17th century to about
3、 1840.Throughout those years, the total urban population remained small and so were the cities. At the first federal census in 1790, city dwellers made up nearly 5. 1% of the total population and only 2 places had more than 25,000 inhabitants. Fifty years later, only 10.8% of the nations population
4、fell into the urban category and only one city New York contained more than 50,000 people. Largely because of the unsophisticated modes of transportation, even the more popular places in the early 19th century remained small enough that people easily walked from one end of the city to the other in t
5、hose days. Though small by modern standards, these walking cities, as it were, performed a variety of functions in those days. One was economic. Throughout the pre-modern era, this part of the urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almost every city owed its development to trade. Yet
6、city dwellers concerned themselves not only with promoting agricultural activities in their rural areas. They also collected and processed goods from these areas and then distributed them to other cities. From the beginning then and increasingly in the 18th and early 19th centuries, cities served as
7、 centres of both commerce and simple manufacturing. Apart from the economic functions, the early cities also had important non-economic functions to play. Since libraries, museums, schools, and colleges were built and needed people to go there to visit or to study, cities and the larger early towns,
8、 with their concentrations of population, tended to serve as centres of educational activities and the points from which information was spread to the countryside. In addition, the towns with people of different occupational, ethnic, racial and religious affiliations became focuses of formal and inf
9、ormal organizations, which were set up to foster the security and to promote the interests and influence of each group. In these days, the pre-industrial city in America functioned as a complex and varied organising element in American life, not as a simple, homogeneous and static unit. The vitality
10、 of these early cities was reinforced by the nature of their location and by the process of town spreading. Throughout the pre-industrial period of American history, the cities occupied sites on the eastern portion of the then largely undeveloped continent and the settlement of countryside generally
11、 followed the expansion of the towns in that region. The various interest groups in each city tended to compete with their counterparts in other cities for economic, social and political control, first of nearby and later of more distant and larger areas. And always there remained the undeveloped re
12、gions to be developed through the establishment of new towns by individuals and groups. These individuals and groups sought economic opportunities or looked for a better social, political or religious atmosphere. In this sense, the city still helped the development of the successions of urban fronti
13、ers. Well, this kind of circumstance made Americans one of the most political and self-conscious city-building peoples of their time. It did not result in a steadily urbanizing society in the sense that decade by decade an even larger proportion of population lived in cities. In 1690, an estimated 9
14、10% of American colonists lived in urban settlements. A century later, that is, the end of the 18th century, though 24 places had 2, 500 persons or more, city dwellers accounted for only 5.1%of the total population. For the next 30 years, the proportion remained relatively stable and it was not unti
15、l 1830 that the urban figure moved back up to the level of 1690. In short, as the number of cities increased after 1690, they sent larger numbers of people into the countryside. Then they returned. Nonetheless, the continuous movement of people into and out of the cities made life in the many but re
16、latively small places lively and stimulating. 第1题：参考答案：C答案解析：第2题：参考答案：A答案解析：第3题：参考答案：D答案解析：第4题：参考答案：C答案解析：第5题：参考答案：A答案解析：听力原文Im talking to Janet Toms, who has spent many years negotiating for several well-known national and multinational companies. M: Hello, Janet. F: Hello. M: Now, Janet, youve exp
17、erienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So before we come on to the differences, could I ask you to comment, first of all, on what such encounters have in common? F: OK, well, Im just going to focus on the situatio
18、ns where people speak English in nternational business situations. M: I see. Now not everyone speaks English to the same degree of proficiency, so maybe that affects the situation. F: Yes, perhaps. But thats not always so significant. Well, because, I mean, negotiations between business partners fro
19、m different countries normally mean that we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions. M: Oh, I see. F: Well, every individual has a different way of performing various tasks in everyday life. M: Yes, but, but isnt it the case that in the business negotiation t
20、hey must come together and work together to a certain extent? I mean, doesnt that level out the style, the style of differences somewhat? F: Oh, Im not so sure. I mean there are people in the so called western world who say that in the course of the past 30 or 40 years, there are a lot of things tha
21、t have changed a great deal globally. And then as a consequence, national difference has diminished or got fewer, giving way to some sort of international Americanized style. M: Yeah. I heard that. Now some people say this Americanized style has acted as a model for local patterns. F: Maybe it has,
22、maybe it hasnt. Because on the one hand there does appear to be a fairly unified, even uniform style of doing business, with certain basic principles and preferences, you know, like time is money, that sort of thing. But at the same time, its very important to remember that we all retain aspects of
23、the national characteristics. But its actually behavior that were talking about here. We shouldnt be too quick to eneralize that into national characteristics and stereotypes. It doesnt help much. M: Yeah, you mentioned Americanized style. What is particular about the American style of business barg
24、aining or negotiation? F: Well, Ive noticed that. For example, when Americans negotiate with people from Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct, self-explanatory way. M: I see. F: Well, the Brazilians make their points in a more indirect way. M: How? F: Let me give you an exa
25、mple. Brazilian importers look at people that they are talking too straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what for some people seems to be background information. They seem to be more indirect. M: Then, what about the American negotiators? F: An American style of negotiating, on the other ha
26、nd, is far more like that of point-making, first point, second point, third point, and so on. Now of course, this isnt the only way in which one can negotiate. And there is absolutely no reason why this should be considered the best way to negotiate. M: Right. Americans seem to have a different styl
27、e, say., even from the British, dont they? F: Exactly, which just goes to show how careful you must be about generalizing. I mean,how else can you explain how American negotiators are seen as informal and sometimes much too open. For, in British eyes, Americans are direct, even blunt. M: Is that so?
28、 F: Yeah. And at the same time for the British, too, German negotiators can appear direct and uncompromising in negotiations. And yet, if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together, its often the Americans who will be too blunt for German negotiators. M: Fascinating. So people from di
29、fferent European countries use different styles, dont they? F: Thats right. M: OK. So what about the Japanese, then? I mean is their style different from Americansand Europeans? F: Oh, well, yes, of course. Many Europeans know the extreme politeness of their Japanese counterparts. The way they avoid
30、 giving the slightest offence, you know. They are also very reserved towards people they dont know well. At the first meetings,American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then,when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression turns to disapp
31、ear.But its perhaps true to say that your average Japanese business person does choose his or, more rarely, her words very carefully. M: So can we say that whatever nationality youre dealing with, you need to remember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways? F: Well, its perhaps mor
32、e helpful to bear in mind that different people behave and negotiate in different ways and you shouldnt assume that everyone will behave in the same way that you do. M: Right, this is definitely a very useful tip for our business men who often negotiate with their overseas partners. Ok, Janet, thank
33、 you very much for talking with us. F: My pleasure. 第6题：参考答案：B答案解析：第7题：参考答案：D答案解析：第8题：参考答案：A答案解析：第9题：参考答案：C答案解析：第10题：参考答案：B答案解析：SECTION B In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your A
34、NSWER SHEET.听力原文The first International Tibetan Traditional Medicine Conference will be held July 15th17th inLasa, capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Chinas Ethnic Medicine Institute, Tibetan Health Bureau and Tibetan Medical College will co-host the conference. The conference has received
35、 more than 500 research papers from China and abroad. The organizing committee primarily selected 290 articles to be discussed at the conference. More than 50 foreign guests from the United States, Russia, Britain, India, Germany, France, Italy and Nepal will attend the meeting. The Chinese mainland
36、 was sending a delegation consisting of 250 Tibetan medicine experts to the conference. 第11题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文The government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will actively adopt information technology and build an e-government, a senior HK official said yesterday. This is an integral par
37、t of Hong Kongs Digital-21 Strategy formulated in 1998 to make Hong Kong both a regional and worldwide Internet center, said Kerry Yao, secretary for Information Technology and Broadcasting. She outlined 3 policy objectives in developing an e-government in Hong Kong at the IBM Asian-Pacific E-Govern
38、ment executive Seminar. The first policy objective is to develop an electronic and paperless government so as to improve the efficiency, cost-effectiveness and quality of public services. The second is to promote the wider adoption of e-commerce with the government setting a leading example. The thi
39、rd is, through the e-government program, to integrate service delivery across multiple departments and agencies. 第12题：参考答案：C答案解析：第13题：参考答案：D答案解析：听力原文Canadas Olympic 100-meter Champion Donovan Bailey showed he was on his way back to top form on Tuesday by winning the 100 meters at the athletic meet i
40、n Switzerland in a time of 9.98 seconds. Despite unfavourable wind conditions, Bailey recorded the second best time of the year, short after 9.91 set by double world champion Morris Greene of the United States on May 13th in Asaka, Japan. I would have run 9.8 if I really pushed myself, said Bailey,
41、1996 Olympic and 1995 world champion. The Canadian has been fighting for form before the Sydney Olympics, following a long-term injury which resulted in a disappointing series of starless season. 第14题：参考答案：A答案解析：第15题：参考答案：B答案解析：SECTION C In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen car
42、efully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.第16题：参考答案：literature或history或po1itics详细解答：第17题：参考答案：advice详细解答：第18题：参考答案：talking或conversation详细解答：第19题：参考答案：writing或essays详细解答：第20题：参考答案：explanation详细解答：第21题：参考答案：widely或extensiyely或freque
43、ntly或commonly详细解答：第22题：参考答案：interactive详细解答：第23题：参考答案：map或survey或overview详细解答：第24题：参考答案：recent详细解答：第25题：参考答案：views详细解答：PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In ea
44、ch case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: (1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. (2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a sign and
45、 writet 第26题：参考答案：将第2个and改成but或whereas.详细解答：因为从句前后部分的内容在意思上明显存在对比。第27题：参考答案：将with改成of。详细解答：unconscious一般与Of搭配。第28题：参考答案：将out去掉。详细解答：speak out表示“大声说话”、“大胆地说”，在意思上与上下文不符。第29题：参考答案：将firstly改成firstly 。详细解答：firstly一般用于列举观点、条目等。first作为副词时一般表示“先”、“首先”、“第一(相当于firstly)”、“首次”、“第一次”，等等。 A. Before we go， 工must
46、first change my clothes B. I first met him ten years ago C. Firstly We must think hard. Secondly， we must wotk hard. Lastly we must be helpfu1第30题：参考答案：将which改成that。详细解答：当先行词为不定代词(如anything，sometLing，notLing等)时，定语从句应由that(在从句中充当主语或宾语)来引导。第31题：参考答案：将went改成go。详细解答：这里谈论的是人们学语言的习惯性行为，所以不用过去时。第32题：参考答案：将
47、per或ewery去掉。详细解答：per与every在意思上重复。第33题：参考答案：将This改成It。详细解答：在英语中一般用it作形式主语来替代主语从句。第34题：参考答案：在community与and之间力加上together。详细解答：hold sth. together表示“使连在一起”、“使团结一致”。hold单独不可表示此义。第35题：参考答案：将far改成away。详细解答：far表示“远的”时一般用作前置定语。far作副词时表示“遥远地”、“到很远的距离”，等等。away作副词时可表示“在离特定地点有一段距离的地方”，常用作表语，也可作后置定语。有时可用。off代替。far可以 修饰away。例如： A. He comes from far country B.I just live a few doors away C. The town is a mile away D. The school is far away from my homePART II READI
