1、1998年英语专业八级真题答案真题 120PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task afte
2、r the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文One of the largest mental health problems in the US is that of compulsive gambling. A
3、lthough there are no scientific studies that have discovered the exact number, experts estimate that between 5 and 10 million persons are compulsive gamblers. Like addiction to alcohol, compulsive gambling crosses all social and economic lines. Compulsive gamblers can be found in any profession and
4、at any level of society. And the addiction affects both men and women. The gambling compulsion usually starts in the early teens. The more often the young gambler indulges in the compulsion, the more obsessive it becomes. By his early twenties, the average compulsive gambler has moved from small bet
5、s on such things as football games, horse races and card games to more adult, more expensive gambling forms. For the compulsive gambler, life becomes one continuous gambling binge. The compulsion consumes the gambling addict to such a point that nothing else matters, not even health, children or fam
6、ily. Studies by psychiatrists seem to show that compulsive gamblers bet to lose. Compulsive gamblers never stop when they are ahead. Instead they try to win more. One important characteristic of the compulsive gambler is his optimism. Like most human beings he does not like to admit defeat. Conseque
7、ntly, he hides his real motivations for gambling with large amounts of enthusiastic optimism. The more deeply he is committed to betting and losing, the more fanatical his conviction that the next bet will make him wealthy. Compulsive gamblers will use almost any means to get money to feed their add
8、iction. Borrowing or stealing from friends or family is the first method gamblers usually employ to get cash. Other common ways to get money are embezzlement, robbery or writing false checks. In recent years psychiatrists discovered some of the basic reasons for compulsive gambling. First, compulsiv
9、e gamblers almost always come from homes lacking in love. As a result the child grows up still looking for the warmth of family love and parental approval. Another aspect of the nature of the gambling addict is that unconsciously he wants to lose. Psychiatrists believe that compulsive gamblers consc
10、iously may expect to win. However, there is a strong element of self-destruction in their inclination to continue betting until all is lost. One New York psychiatrist believes that basically the compulsive gambler is seeking an answer to the question. Do you love me? By winning he receives a yes ans
11、wer. However the gambler cannot accept the yes he sometimes receives because it is contrary to the reality of his or her unhappy childhoodone lacking in family love. The gambler is compelled to continue betting, thus expressing again and again his need for love and acceptance. When gambling addicts
12、do win some money, they rarely spend any of it on their families. Money is like a sacred thing to the addicts. It is reserved for one thingplacing a bet. Fortunately, there is hope and help today for gambling addicts. Psychiatric treatment is one possibility. Group therapy seems to help in some case
13、s. The most readily available and the least expensive help comes from an organization called Gamblers Anonymous (or G.A.). Patterned after Alcoholics Anonymous, G.A. has more than ninety chapters in the US with about 3, 000 gamblers seeking a cure. One basic rule of G.A. is the gamblers must pay bac
14、k all their debts, even if it takes many years to do so. Thousands of members credit G.A. with saving them from their addiction and helping them to build new lives free from the gambling sickness. Happily, today with more public interest in helping the gambling addicts overcome his problem and with
15、such organizations as the G.A., the gambler who wants to help to break his addiction now has some place or someone to turn to. 第1题：参考答案：C答案解析：第2题：参考答案：A答案解析：第3题：参考答案：D答案解析：第4题：参考答案：C答案解析：第5题：参考答案：A答案解析：听力原文M. Mrs. Harrison, thanks very much for coming down here at the station. I, I know youve been t
16、hrough a terrible situation here today. Mm, I, Id just like to go over some of the things you told Surgeon Clark at the bank. W. All right. M: Ah, ah. Would you like a cup of tea? W. No, no, Im fine. M. All right. W: Thanks. M. Well, could you describe the two people who robbed the bank for this rep
17、ort were filling out here? Now anything at all that you could remember would be extremely helpful to US. W. Well, just, I tell you I remember basically what I said before. M: Thats all right. W: The man was tall, about six feet, and he had dark hair. M. Dark hair. W: And he had a mustache. M. Very g
18、ood. All right. Did he have any other distinguishing marks, I mean, scars for example, anything like that? W: Scars, no, none of that I can remember. M. Do you remember how old he was by any chance? W. Eh, well, I, I guess around thirty. M. Around thirty. W. Maybe younger, give a take of a few years
19、. M. All right. Do you remember anything about what he might be wearing? W: Yes, he, he had on a dark sweater, solid color. You know, the kind of color young people fancy nowadays. M: Anything else that strikes you at the moment? W: I, I remember he was wearing a light shirt under the sweater, a cot
20、ton one with dark, I think, dark stripes. It looks like a good brand. M: Ah, very good. W: Yes, yes. M. Mm, now, all right. Can you tell us anything about the woman robber, Mrs. Harrison? W: Well, I remember that she did most of the talking. She had a gun pointed at us and she told us to lie down on
21、 the floor and not to move if we knew what was good for us. I, I remember Ive just thought like she was pointing the gun right at me and my little daughter was sitting right next to me and she, she was just so frightened. M. Um, Mrs. Harrison, could you describe her for us? W: She was wearing a wool
22、 sweater. M: Ah, very good. W: I remember it was a dark color, navy blue or dark gray. M: Dark gray? W: And I guess she was in her late twenties. Her hair was short, very short and curly. M: Do you remember how tall she was? W: Ah, about the same as myself, around five four. M: Five four. All right.
23、 Do you, uh, remember anything else about this woman? W: Yes, I remember the woman was wearing a pendant or a locket around her neck. I remember it specifically because I was then near the counter next to the bank manager and my little daughter started to cry. M: Ah. W: And this woman came up and sa
24、id: Shut your damn kid up, lady! So I got a good look at her and she was pulling on the chain and playing with it, a pendant. M: Oh? W: It was gold, well, anyway, lookes like gold. And it had a strange shape. M: Mm, ah, now, did either of them have any other noticeable characteristics, Mrs. Harrison
25、? Now, just take a minute. W: Eh, no, I dont. M: Think about this. W: No, no, this is really all I can remember. M: Well, did either of them wear glasses? W: No, no, Im sure of that. M: All right, Mrs. Harrison. I really appreciate what youve been through today. Im just going to ask you to look at s
26、ome photographs before you leave if you dont mind. It wont take very long. Could you do that for me? W: Ah, all right. M. Would you like to step this way with me, please? W. OK, sure. M. Thank you. 第6题：参考答案：A答案解析：第7题：参考答案：D答案解析：第8题：参考答案：C答案解析：第9题：参考答案：D答案解析：第10题：参考答案：A答案解析：SECTION B In this section
27、you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.听力原文The UN Agency, The World Food Program, says Iraq is facing a food crisis which is causing enormous damage to its population, especially it
28、s children. The agency said more and more Iraqis were spending their whole days struggling to find food for survival and the social fabric of the nation was disintegrating. It said that an entire generation of children were being harmed irreparably and the country was at a point of no return. WFP sa
29、ys that 60% of Iraqs population, thats 12 million people, are struggling to survive because of food shortages. Food for the average family cost the equivalent of $ 26 a month. The devaluation of the Iraqi Dinar means that few can afford this. Levels of severe malnutrition among children under five n
30、ow compare with the Sub-Sahara in Africa. The infant mortality rate has risen by more than 700% compared with before the Gulf War. Many donor states say the Baghdad government should take the blame for this because it refuses to raise money for food by selling oil through the UN as the sanction rule
31、s allow. WFP is asking for 122 million dollars to help feed 2 million people, mostly those under five or over seventy. Thats double the size of last years program although the agency says its still a fraction of the real need. WFP also acknowledges that its unlikely that the governments around the w
32、orld will respond fully to this appeal. 第11题：参考答案：C答案解析：第12题：参考答案：B答案解析：听力原文France and the US have signed in accord to share sensitive information on nuclear weapons. US and French officials say the agreement is aimed at maintaining the reliability and safety of the two countries nuclear stockpiles.
33、 As part of the accord, the US will share with France its computer data on simulated nuclear explosions. Until now, the US data was shared only with Britain Officials say the agreement will help the two countries maintain their arsenals after they sign a global treaty expected later this year that b
34、ans all nuclear testing. 第13题：参考答案：D答案解析：听力原文The University of Michigan carries out a survey of the drug habits among young people every year. And this year it concluded that the teenage drug use is rapidly getting worse. 25% of the teenagers surveyed said they used an illegal drug at some time in t
35、heir lives, an increase of 3% from the figure for 1993. Marijuana use is climbing back towards levels not seen since the late 1970s. And today Marijuana is up to ten times more potent than in the past. Cocaine use, which leveled off in the early 1990s is also making a comeback among thirteen to fift
36、een-year-olds. The LSD, which had dropped considerably in the 1980s, is also on the rise. Officials involved in the survey say the results indicate that young people no longer see drugs as dangerous. Instead the researchers say they are viewed as glamorous or trendy. The health secretary said it was
37、 time to sound the alarm and the secretary calls for a powerful antidrug message to be sent to children with parents leading the way. 第14题：参考答案：B答案解析：第15题：参考答案：D答案解析：SECTION C In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the cor
38、rect answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.听力原文People in Britain speak English with different accents according to where they come from and what kind of social status they have or what kind of education they received, etc. Among the various accents, there is one that has achieved a certain em
39、inence. Its called Received Pronunciation, RP. And this accent is also generally preferred for teaching English as a foreign language and for reading BBC news bulletins. Why is it so? Lets take a look at how it evolved over the years, its features, its present status and so forth. Received pronuncia
40、tion, RP, had its historical origin in the dialect of English spoken particularly in the region stretching southeast from the midland which is in the central part of England down towards London, the capital city. The two historical university cities of Cambridge and Oxford, though outside this regio
41、n, are also considered as the place of origin for the dialect. The dialect survived because of its association with centers of power and influence. It was spoken by the merchant classes of London in the 14th century, for example, and would have been familiar to students attending the universities of
42、 Oxford and Cambridge in the Middle Ages. Its status as an important dialect was enhanced by its use in government and official documents from about 1430 onwards. More recently, its association since the 19th century with public schools helped to achieve special preeminence for its distinctive patte
43、rns of pronunciation. So we can see, in the United Kingdom at least, this accent is usually associated with a higher social or educational background, with the BBC and certain professions, and its most commonly taught to students learning English as a foreign language. For many such students, it is
44、the only accent they are prepared to learn and the teacher who does not use it may have difficulty in finding a position as a teacher of English in certain non-English speaking countries. Other names for this accent are the Queens English, Oxford English, and BBC English. As the accent has lost its
45、former regional affiliations, it is now the most widely understood and spoken of all the accents within the British Isles. So what are the most interesting characteristics of RP? Firstly, the relatively very small number of speakers who use it do not identify themselves as coming from any particular
46、 geographical region. Secondly, RP is largely confined to England and there it is a nonlocalized accent. Thirdly, RP is a class accent. In England the higher the social class of the speaker, the less the regional accent and also the use of local words and grammatical forms. As we have seen, RP, a no
47、n-regional accent based on the speech of the great public schools, has been accepted as a standard inside England for well over a century. Increasingly, however, there has Been a tendency for the accent of educated people in Southeastern England to replace strict RP as the standard. RP has lost some
48、 of its prestige as people educated at public schools have lost their monopoly of power in education. A considerable part has been played by the great post-war expansion of higher education. Today the majority of university students are not speakers of RP. Most school teachers, too, do not use RP but an educated regional accent. This is not to say that RP has lost all its magic. It still has a prestige, for example, in the financial and banking sectors, among senior government officials and offi
