1、专业英语四级（作文）-试卷122及答案解析 (总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.PART VI WRITING（分数：2.00）_2.Should scientific researches be carried out and controlled by the government instead of private companies? This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporters and opp
2、onents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and then give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and l
3、anguage quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YES It is more pragmatic for the government to take up the role of controller, set up rules and regulations and periodically examine and verify the research findings to make sure it is going in the right way. Th
4、e government is accountable for the whole nation and its people, thus it is more aware of the public need. It has greater powers and more resources to implement scientific researches, and make sure that the benefits are maximized. When research funds come from organizations that expect to profit fro
5、m a favorable outcome, then there is a strong potential for biased results. However, if they are controlled and funded by the government, such conflicts of interest are less likely to occur. NO In a bid for carrying out a project, private companies stand out with their greater flexibility. For insta
6、nce, private contractors can sign with any expert in the field to make an effective team. More importantly, it definitely saves time and resources for private companies to initiate a project, since there would be less complicated procedures related to the government. It does not seem necessary for o
7、fficials to know what the scientists are doing. Otherwise, it would not be research in the real sense of the word.（分数：2.00）_3.Can people study or work online at home without going to school or workplace? This has been intensely discussed for years. The following are the supporters and opponents opin
8、ions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.
9、 Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YES People who work or study at home enjoy a flexible schedule. Some people may prefer to work in the morning and some may find it more efficient to work at night. Working at home enables people to perform their jobs at ease, a
10、nd thus gives employers more options when recruiting people. Another benefit of working at home is the boost of staffs motivation. By working at home, employees can manage their time on their own and strike a balance between work and rest. Equally important is that, without the presence of their sup
11、ervisors, employees will feel less stressful and more comfortable. These two factors both play a part in boosting their productivity and job satisfaction. NO A distinct limitation of such practice is reflected in low efficiency. In other words, working at home will hamper the quality of peoples work
12、. Without supervision, people may face self-control problems. Temptations from the virtual network may distract peoples attention from work or study and even obstruct their social life and living orders, which might eventually inflict a fatal blow on our countrys economy. A challenge that employers
13、have to face is the difficulty in managing and monitoring employees performance. Whether employees will meet a deadline when working at home as they do in the workplace remains unclear.（分数：2.00）_4.Should secondary schools aim to provide liberal education? This has been intensely discussed for years.
14、 The following are the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, con
15、tent sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YES If students have access to more courses, they are likely to have more opportunities to choose the subject they prefer. In this way, students can learn with more enthusiasm
16、 and passion and will feel less bored with their classes. The more diverse subject system can also cultivate more well-rounded students. Mathematics and physics are helpful to students logic and abstract thinking; some humanity subjects such as literature and aesthetics can enhance students capabili
17、ties of appreciation and judgment. Engaging into a broad range of curricula allows students to understand the world and the society from various perspectives. NO Allowing students to select a small number of subjects also gives them the opportunity to be only immersed in their favorite classes or wh
18、at they are good at instead of those they have no clue at all. Teenagers focusing on a few subjects tend to be able to perform better because they can concentrate their limited time and energy on a narrow range of school work. The increased efficiency and academic results in turn enhance their confi
19、dence in their academic ability and sense of achievement. Students who concentrate on limited subjects are more likely to become specialists in certain fields.（分数：2.00）_5.Should we sustain the extensive use of English as a global language? This has been intensely discussed for years. The following a
20、re the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency
21、, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YES English as a global lingua franca facilitates cross-cultural communication. Today, eight in every ten international conferences designate English as their chief working language and ninet
22、y-eight percent of leading scientific journals in the world are published in English or at least have an English version. The extensive use of English as a common language has a unifying effect on people who have different mother tongue. Language barriers naturally engender alienation while a shared
23、 language arouses a sense of belonging and sympathy. The expansion of English also enables people whose mother tongue is not English to appreciate the cultures of English-speaking countries more efficiently and more fully. As is known to us all, many cultures of English-speaking countries are among
24、the richest and the most dynamic cultures in the world. NO The extensive use of English renders a host of indigenous languages obsolete. According to a study conducted by UNESCO, over 200 ethnic languages went extinct in 2004, primarily due to the linguistic assimilation of ethnic minorities into th
25、e English language. These languages have crystallized and conveyed unique indigenous traditions, rites, rituals, and their extinction is an anthropological disaster. The encroachment of English erodes the cultural identity of other races. The prevalence of English has a chilling effect on the purity
26、 of other languages and can aggravate the sense of cultural inferiority among the non-native speakers of English.（分数：2.00）_6.Is financial aid the most effective way to assist poor countries to ensure their healthy and sustainable development? This has been intensely discussed for years. The followin
27、g are the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficie
28、ncy, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YES Financial beneficence from the developed countries could help poor countries acceleratedly construct infrastructure and build more houses. When some rich countries donate large sums of
29、 money to those needy countries, more job opportunities could be created and thus living standards of people in those countries could be enhanced. In 1999, only 50 percent of Tanzanias children went to primary school. Now the figure is over 90 percent. There are similar stories in Uganda, Ethiopia,
30、Mozambique, and other African countries. How did this happen? Because the elected government of Tanzania chose to expand educational opportunities by using the donation from developed countries. NO Financial aid might make needy countries become over-dependent on the donors because money can only so
31、lve temporary problems. International aid might bring about political interference and economic exploitation. If poor countries want to become richer with the help of rich countries, a condition they must accept is to buy goods from the donors. As a matter of fact, the countries that benefit the mos
32、t are not the poor countries but the rich ones. Concerns about the weaknesses of poor countries government systems for budgeting and accounting have led some donors to resist providing aid to them.（分数：2.00）_专业英语四级（作文）-试卷122答案解析 (总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.PART VI WRITING（分数：2.00）_
33、解析：2.Should scientific researches be carried out and controlled by the government instead of private companies? This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in abo
34、ut 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and then give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YE
35、S It is more pragmatic for the government to take up the role of controller, set up rules and regulations and periodically examine and verify the research findings to make sure it is going in the right way. The government is accountable for the whole nation and its people, thus it is more aware of t
36、he public need. It has greater powers and more resources to implement scientific researches, and make sure that the benefits are maximized. When research funds come from organizations that expect to profit from a favorable outcome, then there is a strong potential for biased results. However, if the
37、y are controlled and funded by the government, such conflicts of interest are less likely to occur. NO In a bid for carrying out a project, private companies stand out with their greater flexibility. For instance, private contractors can sign with any expert in the field to make an effective team. M
38、ore importantly, it definitely saves time and resources for private companies to initiate a project, since there would be less complicated procedures related to the government. It does not seem necessary for officials to know what the scientists are doing. Otherwise, it would not be research in the
39、real sense of the word.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： Should the Government Be the Implementer and Controller of Scientific Researches? An important scientific research usually has extremely profound political and economic significance to a nation. Therefore, whether the government should conduct and control
40、 it has become a controversial issue. Some people are in support of the leading role of the government in scientific researches for its impartiality, while others insist that private firms are much better for the job due to its flexibility. As for me, I believe both the government and private sector
41、s should seperately play a role in scientific researches. For one thing, scientific researches should be managed by the government because they need not only a deep-pocketed hinder to offer support in terms of capital and laboratory facilities but also a supervisor to remind the researchers to follo
42、w ethical norms. For another, the research projects should be carried out by private companies for their profit-driven innovative ability and motivation, both of which are key factors in scientific researches. On balance, the cooperation between the government and private firms can make truly outsta
43、nding progress in science researches. Meanwhile, it must be made sure that the regulations of the government wont hamper the researches and the for-profit nature of private companies wont go the wrong way.)解析：解析： 本题讨论科学研究的开展和管理是否应该归政府负责。在具体行文时，考生首先要总结材料，概述正反双方的观点。然后给出自己的观点：政府和私企在科学研究的开展和管理中应各司其职。最后总
44、结全文。3.Can people study or work online at home without going to school or workplace? This has been intensely discussed for years. The following are the supporters and opponents opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first
45、summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. YES People who work or study at home enjoy a fl
46、exible schedule. Some people may prefer to work in the morning and some may find it more efficient to work at night. Working at home enables people to perform their jobs at ease, and thus gives employers more options when recruiting people. Another benefit of working at home is the boost of staffs m
47、otivation. By working at home, employees can manage their time on their own and strike a balance between work and rest. Equally important is that, without the presence of their supervisors, employees will feel less stressful and more comfortable. These two factors both play a part in boosting their productivity and job satisfaction. NO A distinct limitation of such practice is reflected in low ef
