1、专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷155及答案解析 (总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：30.00)1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th
2、at you think is the best answer._Nearly 60 million visitors flock to the 384 national parks across America every year. And you wont have to wander far from home to enjoy one of these national treasures, with Michigans Isle Royale National Park nearby. Located 56 miles from Houghton and Copper Harbor
3、 on Michigans Upper Peninsula or 22 miles from Grand Portage, Minnesota, the park remains a wilderness haven that can only be reached by tour boat. With the exception of the Rock Harbor Lodge, which offers both rooms with private baths and more modest accommodations in the form of small cottages, th
4、e 572, 000 acres that make up the 45-mile-long park are rough and untamed, threaded with hiking trails that lead to tents-only campsites. In other words, its wilderness the way it used to be. Youre likely to see a moose wading through mist-covered ponds at dawn in search of breakfast, gaze open-mout
5、hed as bald eagles and osprey snag fish from Lake Superior, hear the sharp clap of a beaver slapping its tail on the water, or the lulling conversation of loons at sunset. If youre especially lucky, you might even glimpse one of Isle Royales gray wolves, hunted nearly to extinction on the mainland.
6、Theyre very shy, however, so its more likely that youll only hear their eerie howl. Plenty of hiking trails open the area to exploration. At the parks information center, you can find out about ranger-led interpretative hikes and walks that explain the delicate history of the island. Kids especially
7、 love learning how to examine an animals droppings to figure out its most recent meal. The Stoll Trail, a four-mile loop, winds through spruce and birch trees and offers a tour of the islands history, including prehistoric Indian copper mines. It leads to scenic Scoville Pointa perfect picnic spot s
8、urrounded on three sides by the sparkling waters of Lake Superior. You can also rent a canoe at the Rock Island Marina and paddle down the shore to the Rock Harbor Lighthouse, an 1855 jewel, and the Edisen Fishery. Once a thriving business, the fishery today is manned by park service employees who u
9、se nets to demonstrate how lake trout, whitefish, and herring used to be caught from island waters. Their catch ends up on the dinner menu at the Rock Harbor Lodge. You can explore farther afield on ranger-guided day cruises aboard the parks MV Sandy, or hop onand offthe Voyageur II on its daily cir
10、cumnavigation of the island. Reservations are essential and can be made at the information center. Another essential for any visit to Isle Royale is insect repellent. All those boreal bogs, beaver ponds and streams, generously replenished by heavy spring rains, create ideal conditions for breeding b
11、ugs. Mosquitoes and black fliesone ranger described them as little but all teeth are at their worst in June and early July. As the weather warms up and the island dries out, horse flies and deer fliesthe delta-winged B-1 bomber of the insect worldreplace them. Come prepared to protect yourself: Usua
12、lly a combination of head nets, bite-proof clothing and plenty of bug spray does the trick, which are available at the information center. The park is open from mid-April through October; Rock Harbor Lodge is open from Memorial Day weekend until just after Labor Day.（分数：6.00）(1).What can we infer fr
13、om the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The park is totally uncivilized by humans.B.We can drive personal boats to the park.C.The wolves nearly die out in this park.D.The number of wolves is smaller than that of mooses.(2).Which of the following can NOT be done at the information center?（分数：2.00）A.Making
14、 yourselves free from being bitten by insects.B.Booking your hotels for travelling.C.Learning some knowledge of this park.D.Enabling yourselves to explore farther with ranger.(3).About the park, which of the following is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.It rains a lot during spring.B.Cars can not be used in it.
15、C.Some Indians lived there in the past.D.It is open all around the year.Yousuf Karsh, the Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures of the 20th century, died in a Boston hospital on July 13, 2002, after complications following surgery. He was 93. Working from a s
16、tudio in Ottawa, Karsh produced famous portraits of such subjects as Winston Churchill, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, Ernest Hemingway and Albert Einstein. Actually he has become almost as famous as his legendary subjects. In the latest edition of Whos Who, which listed the most
17、notable people of the last century, Karsh was the only Canadian of the 100 famous people listed51 of whom Karsh had photographed. Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great painters of the past. He was famous for talking to his subjects as he was
18、 getting the shots composition just right, asking them questions and putting them at ease. He confesses that he continues to feel more challenged when portraying true greatness adequately with my camera. In preparation, he reads as much as he can about the person before the sitting, but avoids havin
19、g a preconceived idea of how he would photograph the subject. Rather he seeks, as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967, to capture the essential element which has made them great, explaining, All I know is that within every man and woman a secret is hidden, and as a photographer it is my task to reve
20、al it if I can. In that fleeting interval of opportunity the photographer must act or lose his prize. Yousuf Karsh was born in Armenia in 1908 and grew up under the horrors of the Armenian massacres. His photographer uncle, George Nakash, brought him to Canada in 1924 and sent him to Boston in 1928
21、to apprentice with John Garo, an outstanding photographer. He not only taught Karsh the technical processes used by photographic artists of the period but also prepared him to think for himself and evolve his own distinctive interpretations. Four years later, he set up his studio in Ottawa. In Decem
22、ber of 1941 , his memorable portrait of a glowering, defiant Winston Churchill, which symbolized Britains indomitable wartime courage, brought Karsh into international prominence. Canadas Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for Karsh to photograph Churchill following Churchills speech in the Hous
23、e of Commons. Not forewarned, Churchill lit up a cigar and growled, Why was I not told of this? but consented to a brief session. Karsh asked him to remove the cigar and, when he didnt, stepped forward and gently removed it with the comment, Forgive me, Sir. Churchill glowered as the shot was taken,
24、 then permitted Karsh to take still another, jokingly commenting, You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed. The Churchill portrait has since appeared in publications and on commemorative stamps all over the world. Karsh traveled to London in 1943 with his portable studioan 8x1
25、0 view camera and many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George E3ernard Shaw, the Archbi-shop of Canterbury, and the royal family. All these portraits illustrate Karshs ability to capture the essence of his sitter.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the passage, Yousuf Karsh is a(n)_（分数：2.00）A.Amer
26、icanB.CanadianC.BritishD.Armenian(2).What did Karsh pursue most in working?（分数：2.00）A.To capture the essence and greatness of the character.B.To capture the fleeting expression of the sitter.C.To make the picture colorful and expressive.D.To reveal the defects of the sitter.(3).All of the following
27、about Karsh are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.he was born in Armenia and died in BostonB.his uncle, George Nakash, was also a famous photographerC.he took photographs for the British royal family in 1940sD.he was listed among the most notable people of the last century in Whos Who
28、Late last year, Airbnb announced that its going after the major hotel chainswhich at first sounded kind of cute, like a precocious Little League pitcher(投手)saying hes going to strike out Miguel Cabrera. But when CEO Brian Chesky laid out his thinking for me in Airbnbs new, funky headquarters in San
29、Francisco, I thought the investors who have pumped $326 million into the company might not be too dim. Airbnb is becoming much more than a way to spend $26 a night to sleep in London with five other people at The Imperial Fleapit. In fact, Airbnb is looking like a proof point of a trend that has bee
30、n getting a lot of attention lately. Some refer to it as the DIYfor do it yourselfmovement. Chesky uses the term decentralized production(分散式生产). Marc Andreessen hit on the concept in a manifesto entitled Why Software Is Eating the World? It all points to the same idea: Information technology is ero
31、ding the power of large-scale mass production. Were instead moving toward a world of massive numbers of small producers offering unique stuffand of consumers who reject mass-produced stuff. The Internet, software, 3D printing, social networks, cloud computing and other technologies are making this e
32、conomically feasiblein fact, desirable. The hotel industryand the way Airbnb thinks about itis an example of how that is playing out. There is a fundamental truth about big hotel chains that is only now being exposed in the Internet age: Hotel chains grew out of a lack of information. In the middle
33、of last century, cars and highways made the world far more mobile. Many more people traveled to towns they didnt know, and they needed places to sleep. They had no way to know which hotel or boarding house might be nice or offer amenities they wanted. Travel guides, like Mobils, popped up in the 195
34、0s, but for the most part information remained scarce. Chains took advantage of that data deficit. If you knew a Holiday Inn in one town, you knew the Holiday Inn in the next town would be roughly the same. The brands motto played off this: The best surprise is no surprise. The uniformity and comfor
35、t of a chain trumped the risk of an unknown, independent place. As chains got bigger, they could afford to widely advertisea way to spread more information about the consistency of their hotels. Independents couldnt keep up They had limited ways to get information to travelers. As long as this big i
36、nformation gap existed, chains grew and independents struggled. The gap drove chains to offer uniform accommodations at scaleand we got todays hospitality industry, dominated by the likes of Hilton, Marriott and Starwood. Chesky got to thinking about this when his iate grandfather told him Airbnb re
37、minded him of his childhood, when his family would arrive in towns and stay at boarding houses. Chesky thought: If the Internet was around back then, would hotel chains as we know them have been created? And the answer is absolutely not, Chesky says. Im not saying there wouldnt be hotels, but they w
38、ouldnt look like they do today. （分数：4.00）(1).What is the relationship between the example of Airbnb and that of Little League pitcher?（分数：2.00）A.Analogy.B.Comparison.C.Supplement.D.Contradiction.(2).According to the passage, Chesky believes that_.（分数：2.00）A.hotel chains will no longer exist in the n
39、ear futureB.there would be no hotels if Internet was around thenC.hotel chains would be different if Internet existed thenD.the development of hotel industry is not certainHow did your friend get you to babysit her kids for the weekend, or your sister talk you into hosting the next book club meeting
40、? They probably asked when you were anxious about a work project or stressed about making an impending mortgage payment. Stress, however, isnt traditionally associated with altruism. When self-discipline wanes, such as when you are hurried, hungry or distracted, you are less likely to be helpful to
41、strangers(if youre late for an appointment, youre probably not stopping to help the person who just dropped the contents of his briefcase). That makes intuitive sense: helping someone you are unlikely to ever see again when you feel least in control of your own life isnt likely to be productive. Yet
42、 such selfishness seems at odds with the need for cooperation in a social species that relies on support from others for survival. So researchers have suspected that this pattern may only hold true for strangersand that stress and periods when you feel your life is out of your control might actually
43、 increase sacrifice toward loved ones since collaboration with those upon whom you regularly rely is essential for survival. In communal(公共的)relationships, the habitual behavior is to take care of each others needs, says Francesca Righetti, assistant professor of psychology at VU University in Amste
44、rdam. The study, which was published in Psychological Science, involved several experiments in which some participants were intentionally distracted by subtitles(字幕)on a silent video, while others were not. The volunteers were then asked about sacrifices they would make for either a long-term signif
45、icant other, or a best friend. Those who had to cope with the distractiona task known to reduce self-controlwere more likely to say they would sacrifice for their friends or partners by going out with people they did not like(but whom their partners or friends liked)or by performing an embarrassing
46、task for their loved one. Righetti says that couples often face situations where their interests diverge and one must give up something for the otherlike choosing whether to see one partners friends or deciding on a beach or mountain vacation. In these situations people need to choose between pursui
47、ng their own wishes and sacrificing to promote the well-being of their partner or relationship, she says. We found that when people are in a loving relationship, their impulsive response to these types of circumstances is to be nice and benefit their partner even if this is costly for them. The resu
48、lts confirm what most young children know intuitivelythat if you want something from mom or dad, you should hit them when theyre distracted by something else. They also resolve what seemed to be a paradox: that good self control is associated with happiness and success, but could be poison for relationships by leading to selfish behavior. It seems theres a balance between what were ready to give and what we take from our different interactions with people.
