1、专业英语四级-试卷649及答案解析 (总分：160.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、DICTATION(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the secon
2、d and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.（分数：2.00）_二、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数：6，分数：40.00)3.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIO
3、N_4.SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the bla
4、nk sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task._Conversational Skills1. Skill to ask questionsa) Be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer others questions regardless of【T1】 1【T1】 2b) Start a conversation with some personal but【T2】 3questions【T2】 4c) Be able
5、 to spot signals for further talk2. Skill to【T3】 5for answers【T3】 6a) Dont shift from subject to subjectStick to the same subject: signs of【T4】 7in conversation【T4】 8b) Listen to【T5】 9of voice【T5】 10If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject;c) Use【T6】 11【T6】 123. Skill to laugha) Ease peop
6、les【T7】 13【T7】 14b) Help start【T8】 15【T8】 164. Skill to【T9】 17【T9】 18a) Leave a deep impression on othersb) Open up possibilities for a second【T10】 19【T10】 20（分数：20.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）
7、填空项1:_(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）填空项1:_5.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation , five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions wi
8、ll be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have thirty seconds to preview the questions._A.Dressing styles throughout the world.B.
9、A journey to Sri Lanka in South Asia.C.Life of a Sri Lankan woman.D.Traditional dress in Sri Lanka.A.Saris are practical.B.Saris are fashionable.C.Saris are not cheap.D.Saris are difficult to walk in.A.Education.B.Family background.C.Friends people make.D.Countries they have been to.A.Men in the cou
10、ntryside dont wear a sarong.B.Men in the city wear sarongs to relax at home.C.Men wear pants and shirts now, never sarongs.D.Men wear sarongs only on formal occasions.A.Because she sees more value in saris.B.Because she has married an American.C.Because she wants to be in style.D.Because she likes t
11、o appear really exotic.A.They are compulsory.B.They are available to any student.C.They are interesting.D.They are for science students only.A.Spend more time on the college premises.B.Get used to working independently.C.Work harder than they did at school.D.Understand the requirements of courses.A.
12、It has limited opening hours.B.It has too few resources.C.It gets too crowded.D.It opens too late.A.Cooperate with other students.B.Study all the time.C.Take some leisure activities.D.Use time systematically.A.Talk with some of his lecturers.B.Consult his tutor.C.Get more information from him.D.Read
13、 the questions carefully.三、LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE(总题数：21，分数：42.00)6.PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.（分数：2.0
14、0）_7.Which of the following sentences does not include an independent genitive construction?（分数：2.00）A.A hunter came in, his face red with cold.B.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.C.Without any hesitation, Rebecca refused his invitation directly.D.She ran up to me, her hair
15、 flying in the wind.8.Which of the following is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.A great deal of students.B.A bit of orange.C.Least knowledge.D.Most time.9.There has not been a great response to the sale, _?（分数：2.00）A.does thereB.hasnt itC.hasnt thereD.has there10.The following determiners (限定词) can be used wit
16、h both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.mostB.otherC.theseD.plenty of11.If you are a successful language learner, you _ independently, actively, and purposefully.（分数：2.00）A.had probably been learningB.have probably been learningC.were probably learningD.have probably been learned12.I
17、n What do you think she said just now, what is the _ of the sentence.（分数：2.00）A.subjectB.complementC.objectD.formal subject13.Which of the following reflexive pronouns (反身代词) is used as an appositive?（分数：2.00）A.I have nothing to say for myself .B.I blame myself for what has happened.C.It was the Pre
18、sident himself who opened the door.D.She cut herself on some broken glass.14.But _ with players, executives, and young people, Ive learned that those who rise to the heights in any field arent necessarily the ones with the greatest natural talent.（分数：2.00）A.workedB.workingC.having workedD.had worked
19、15._ policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued over vast areas.（分数：2.00）A.As long asB.AsC.EvenD.While16.If something happens to the brains development during pregnancy, it is more likely _ affected in a male.（分数：2.0
20、0）A.beingB.would beC.to beD.be17.The animal has a brain which is nearest _.（分数：2.00）A.in mans sizeB.in size to manC.in size to mansD.to the size in man18.In spite of the _ economic forecast, manufacturing output has risen slightly.（分数：2.00）A.gloomyB.dizzyC.opaqueD.faint19.Another big issue _ the cou
21、ntry is the problem of the education of its citizens.（分数：2.00）A.confiningB.confirmingC.conformingD.confronting20.Would you take an offer of, _, $500 for your car?（分数：2.00）A.saysB.sayC.to sayD.saying21.We have to try every means to _ the costs of the project.（分数：2.00）A.bring offB.bring upC.bring down
22、D.bring back22.The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded.（分数：2.00）A.consequentlyB.continuouslyC.consistentlyD.constantly23.Many of your suggestions are _ the new plan.（分数：2.00）A.made intoB.put intoC.incorporated intoD.combined in24.Your story about the frog turning into a prince is _ nonsense.（分
23、数：2.00）A.shearB.sheetC.shieldD.sheer25.High grades are supposed to _ academic ability, but his actual performance did not confirm this.（分数：2.00）A.certifyB.clarifyC.classifyD.notify26.The vision of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few feet from us will never be _ from my memory.（分数：2.00）A.ej
24、ectedB.escapedC.erasedD.omitted四、CLOZE(总题数：2，分数：40.00)27.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. height B. compensate C. whereas D. imbibe E. reflectF. degree
25、G. strategy H. replenish I. further J. underK. stronger L. session M. devour N. fatal O. repel Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to 1 rather than absorb the suns rays. Deser
26、t mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normal
27、ly be fever 2, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in gazelles (瞪羚羊). Another 3of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be 4for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm t
28、o itself, 5human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to 6this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to 7over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very d
29、ehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one 8, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as anim
30、als do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the 9ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated; it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even 10conditions of moderate thirst.（分数：20.00）填空
31、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_五、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：30.00)29.PART V READING COMPREHENSION_30.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.
32、 Choose the one that you think is the best answer._(l)Although numbers of animals in a given region may fluctuate from year to year, the fluctuations are often temporary and, over long periods, trivial. Scientists have advanced three theories of population control to account for this relative consta
33、ncy. (2)The first theory attributes a relatively constant population to periodic climatic catastrophes that decimate populations with such frequency as to prevent them from exceeding some particular limit. In the case of small organisms with short life cycles, climatic changes need not be catastroph
34、ic: normal seasonal changes in photoperiod (daily amount of sunlight), for example, can govern population growth. This theorythe density-independent viewasserts that climatic factors exert the same regulatory effect on population regardless of the number of individuals in a region. (3)A second theor
35、y argues that population growth is primarily density-dependentthat is, the rate of growth of a population in a region decreases as the number of animals increases. The mechanisms that manage regulation may vary. For example, as numbers increase, the food supply would probably diminish, which would i
36、ncrease mortality. In addition, as Lotka and Volterra have shown, predators can find prey more easily in high-density populations. Other regulators include physiological control mechanisms: for example, Christian and Davis have demonstrated how the crowding that results from a rise in numbers may br
37、ing about hormonal changes in the pituitary (垂体) and adrenal glands (肾上腺) that in turn may regulate population by lowering sexual activity and inhibiting sexual maturation. There is evidence that these effects may persist for three generations in the absence of the original provocation. One challeng
38、e for density-dependent theorists is to develop models that would allow the precise prediction of the effects of crowding.(4)A third theory, proposed by Wynne-Edwards and termed epideictic, argues that organisms have evolved a code in the form of social or epideictic behavior displays, such as winte
39、r roosting aggregations or group vocalizing; such codes provide organisms with information on population size in a region so that they can, if necessary, exercise reproductive restraint. However, Wynne-Edwards theory, linking animal social behavior and population control, has been challenged, with s
40、ome justification, by several studies.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following may be a density-independent factor that affects animal population?（分数：2.00）A.Famine.B.Tornadoes.C.The number of predators.D.The variety of food supply.(2).According to the Wynne-Edwards theory, epideictic behavior displays se
41、rve the function of_.（分数：2.00）A.determining roosting aggregationsB.locating foodC.attracting predatorsD.regulating sexual activity(3).The challenge posed to the Wynne-Edwards theory by several studies is regarded by the author with _.（分数：2.00）A.complete indifferenceB.qualified acceptanceC.skeptical
42、amusementD.perplexed astonishment(l)Science is committed to the universal. A sign of this is that the more successful a science becomes, the broader the agreement about its basic concepts. There is not a separate Chinese or American or Soviet thermodynamics, for example; there is simply thermodynami
43、cs. For several decades of the twentieth century there was a Western and a Soviet genetics, the latter associated with Lysenkos theory that environmental stress can produce genetic mutations. Today Lysenkos theory is discredited, and there is now only one genetics. (2)As the corollary of science, technology also exhibits the universalizing tendency. This is why the spread of technology makes the world look ever more homogeneous. Architectural styles, dress styles, musical styleseven eating stylestend increasingly to be world styles. The world looks more homoge
