1、Designation: E2637 17Standard Guide forUtilizing the Environmental Cost Element StructurePresented by Classification E21501This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The Environmental Cost Element Structure (ECES)covered by Classification E2150 (andAdjunct E2150) providesa
3、 consistent and comprehensive structure across all phases ofenvironmental remediation projects and is a tool to improve thecost management of those projects. This guide is intended tofacilitate the application of the ECES to any environmentalremediation project, without regard to project size.1.2 Cl
4、assification E2150 establishes the broad, top-levelframework for environmental remediation projects by provid-ing a hierarchical list of project elements to two levels of detail.Its associated Adjunct E2150 supports the top-level structureby providing more detailed elements and definitions of theECE
5、S to three additional levels of detail. Although it isassumed that the user is familiar with Classification E2150,much of the content of the classification is repeated in thisguide to relieve the user of the burden of back-and-forthreferencing during use. It is assumed, however, that all users ofthi
6、s guide will have at hand both Classification E2150 and theAdjunct E2150 during project planning.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
7、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized p
8、rinciples on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building
9、 ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE2150 Classification for Life-Cycle Environmental WorkElementsEnvironmental Cost Element Structure2.2 ASTM Adjunct:3Adjunct E2150 Adjunct to Classification E2150: Environ-
10、mental Cost Element Structure at Levels 3, 4, and 5 andDefinitions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in thisguide, refer to Terminology E631, and for general terms relatedto building economics, refer to Terminology E833.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standa
11、rd:3.2.1 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-tion and Liability Act (CERCLA)A congressional mandate,also known as Superfund, CERCLA prescribes actions andregulatory requirements for reducing risks to human health andthe environment resulting from releases or threatened releasesof hazardou
12、s substances into the environment.3.2.2 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)Acongressional mandate that requires the management of regu-lated hazardous wastes and requires that permits be obtainedfor facilities (both public and private) that treat, store, ordispose of hazardous wastes. RCRA
13、 also establishes standardsfor these facilities and requires corrective actions (for example,remediation) of past releases of hazardous waste from regu-lated waste management units.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 ASTAboveground Storage Tank1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanc
14、eof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on BuildingEconomics.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2637-13. DOI:10.1520/E2637-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
15、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJE2150A.Copyright ASTM International, 100
16、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Re
17、commendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Mon Apr 30 28 3.3.2 CERCLAComprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liability Act3.3.3 CLPCertified Laboratory Procedure3.3.4 CMSCorrective Measure Study3.3.5 COACode of Accounts3.3.6 CWMCh
18、emical Warfare Materials3.3.7 D&DDecontamination and Decommissioning3.3.8 DOEDepartment of Energy3.3.9 (EC)2Environmental Cost Engineering Committee3.3.10 ECASEnvironmental Cost Analysis System3.3.11 ECESEnvironmental Cost Element Structure3.3.12 EMEnvironmental Management3.3.13 EPAEnvironmental Pro
19、tection Agency3.3.14 EREnvironmental Restoration3.3.15 FRTRFederal Remediation Technologies Round-table3.3.16 FSFeasibility Study3.3.17 HRSHazard Ranking System3.3.18 HTRWHazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste3.3.19 LTSMLong-Term Surveillance and Maintenance3.3.20 O&MOperations and Maintenance3.3.2
20、1 OECDOrganization of Economic Cooperation andDevelopment3.3.22 PA/SIPreliminary Assessment/Site Investigation3.3.23 RARemedial Action3.3.24 RACERRemedial Action Cost Estimating Require-ment (System)3.3.25 RCRAResource Conservation and Recovery Act3.3.26 RDRemedial Design3.3.27 RFARCRA Facility Asse
21、ssment3.3.28 RFIRCRA Facility Investigation3.3.29 RIRemedial Investigation3.3.30 SLTMSurveillance and Long-Term Monitoring3.3.31 S&MSurveillance and Maintenance3.3.32 SM&ASampling, Monitoring and Analysis3.3.33 USACEU.S. Army Corps of Engineers3.3.34 USTUnderground Storage Tank3.3.35 WBSWork Breakdo
22、wn Structure3.3.36 WMWaste Management4. Summary of Practice4.1 The ECES is a comprehensive hierarchical list of workactivities (tasks, items, or products) that may be required toaccomplish environmental restoration, waste management, fa-cility decontamination and decommissioning, or other environ-me
23、ntal projects. Its activity-based structure provides a consis-tent and visible cost management framework, with sufficientdetail and coverage of project types, so that it can be used byprivate industry and government agencies in the United Statesand other countries to track project costs.4.2 While pr
24、imarily a cost structure, the ECES can alsoserve as a model for developing a work breakdown structure(WBS). A WBS provides a framework for managing the cost,schedule, and performance objectives of a project. The WBSframework allows a project to be separated into logicalcomponent parts and makes the
25、relationship of the parts clear.It defines the project in terms of hierarchically related action-oriented elements. Each element provides logical summarypoints for assessing technical accomplishments and for mea-suring cost and schedule performance.4.3 It is recommended that projects using the ECES
26、andassociated dictionary routinely report costs to Level 3 in thecost structure. More detailed reporting levels (that is, sub-Level4 and beyond) are provided to allow users to address high risk,high value, or high technological interest areas of projects.Because the combined life-cycle phases of env
27、ironmentalprojects often span several decades, use life-cycle cost analysis(see Practice E917) for evaluating an environmental project orproject alternatives over a designated study period. Use oflife-cycle cost analysis is required for the comparison ofalternative environmental remedies in CERCLA R
28、emedialInvestigation/Feasibility Studies which lead up to Records ofDecision.5. Significance and Use5.1 In addition to its cost management and project manage-ment functions, the ECES can also be used to support a numberof other program and project functions. These functionsinclude:5.1.1 Bid solicita
29、tion, collection, and evaluation;5.1.2 Communicating project data between installations,complexes, agencies, and industry;5.1.3 Providing a project checklist;5.1.4 Cost and schedule estimating;5.1.5 Historical cost/schedule data collection;5.1.6 Historical project data collection (for example, tech-
30、nology deployments, project conditions);5.1.7 Validating and calibrating cost estimates and softwaretools; and5.1.8 Establishing and disseminating best practices andlessons learned.5.2 Several government agencies are already incorporatingthis structure into existing and future cost estimating models
31、,databases, and other similar software tools and systems.6. Procedure6.1 Overall StructureThe hierarchical nature of the ECEScost structure (Fig. 1) allows detailed cost data at Level 3 to besummarized into higher level cost elements in a standardizedfashion. It is recommended that the ECES be used
32、as acommon standard through its top three levels. Appendix X1provides an example showing how to use the ECES at Level 3throughout the life-cycle of a project. The use of Level 4 orlower is optional. Similarly, while Level 5 is generally deemedto provide a sufficiently low level of detail for most pr
33、ojects,the project managers are free to add further lower levels fortheir specific projects or portions of their projects. Care mustbe taken in developing the associated numerical codes,E2637 172Mon Apr 30 28 however, to assure that each level directly relates to the nexthigher level so that the pro
34、ject costs can readily be “rolled up”for reporting purposes.6.2 Level 1Level 1 of the structure includes seven costcategories. The first six categories represent the six life-cyclephases of an environmental project. The final categoryProgram Management, Support, and Infrastructureis in-cluded to add
35、ress costs that are not attributable to a distinctproject or are program management costs. Throughout the restof this guide, the Level 1 cost element for ProgramManagement, Support, and Infrastructure will be referred-to asPhase 8, to simplify references to the Level 1 cost elements.With minor varia
36、tions in the definitions, these project life-cyclecategories apply to all environmental projects and programs,including environmental remediation, waste management, de-contamination and decommissioning, ordnance and explosiveretrievals, underground and above-ground storage tanks, andother environmen
37、tal work.6.2.1 Phase 1: AssessmentAssess and inspect site, preparesite inspection reports.6.2.2 Phase 2: StudiesRisk assessment, characterizationand investigations, development and analysis of treatment orremediation options, and treatability studies.6.2.3 Phase 3: DesignEngineering design and pre-c
38、onstruction activities of treatment or remediation alternatives.6.2.4 Phase 4: ConstructionConstruction of selectedtreatment or remediation alternatives. Includes start-up, butexcludes all operations.6.2.5 Phase 5: Operations and Maintenance (O&M)Includes all operations and maintenance for the selec
39、tedtreatment or remediation alternatives. Phase ends whencleanup or waste treatment goals are met.6.2.6 Phase 6: Surveillance and Long-Term Maintenance(SLTM)Operations have ceased or were not integral toselected treatment or remediation alternatives.6.2.7 Phase 7: Reserved for Future Use.6.2.8 Phase
40、 8: Cross CutProgram-wide activities that arerequired, but cost is not specific to a single or distinct project(for example, program management, support, and infrastruc-ture).FIG. 1 Hierarchical Structure of the Environmental Cost Element StructureFIG. 2 Level 1 Cost CategoriesE2637 173Mon Apr 30 28
41、 NOTE 1Fig. 2 illustrates the life-cycle nature of the seven Level 1 costelements.6.3 Level 2Level 2 of the ECES represents major ele-ments necessary to perform work in an environmental project.There are 34 elements included in this structure (see Table 1).It should be noted that in the Level 2 stru
42、cture, Level 2elements are marked with life-cycle phase numbers in the leftcolumns. These numbers represent the applicability of thatphase to that element. This is not necessarily all-inclusive.There may be cases where that element may be applicable fora phase that is not marked. For example, an ove
43、rall Project Plandeveloped at the beginning of a project, especially a large andcomplex project, will often be followed by very detailed WorkPlans that cannot be developed until much more information isavailable later in the project, for example, at Phase 4 or Phase5. This structure is flexible, and
44、 the user can use other phaseseven though they are not marked in the columns.6.4 Level 3Level 3 of the structure consists of moredetailed elements required to perform the tasks at the Level 2of the ECES. See the structure for the Level 3 elements, and theLevel 3 ECES dictionary, in the following sec
45、tions, for moreTABLE 1 Level 1 and Level 2 Classification MatrixLevel 1 Level2Environmental ManagementPh1 Ph2 Ph3 Ph4 Ph5 Ph6 Ph8 Sub-Proj.Assess. Studies Design Const. O&M SLTMProg.Mgmt/Infra.a to z ENVIRONMENTAL COST ELEMENT STRUCTURE8 .01 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, SUPPORT, ANDINFRASTRUCTURE(Optional-In
46、stallation Complex Wide Activities)1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .02 PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT(Operable Unit/SolidWaste Management Unit)1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .03 PREPARATION OF PLANS1 2 3 4 5 6 .04 STUDIES/DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .05 SITE WORK1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .06 SURVEILLANCE AND MAINTENANCE1 2 3 4 5 6 .07
47、INVESTIGATIONS AND MONITORING/SAMPLECOLLECTION1 2 3 4 5 6 .08 SAMPLE ANALYSIS1 2 3 4 5 6 .09 SAMPLE MANAGEMENT/DATA VALIDATION/DATAEVALUATION23 .10 TREATABILITY/RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT4 5 .11 TREATMENT PLANT FACILITY/PROCESS4 5 6 .12 STORAGE FACILITY/PROCESS4 5 6 .13 DISPOSAL FACILITY/PROCESS4 .14
48、ORDNANCE AND EXPLOSIVES REMOVAL ANDDESTRUCTION(CWM is in X.11 AND X.20X.30)4 6 .15. DRUMS/TANKS/STRUCTURES/MISC. ANDREMOVAL4 5 6 .16 AIR POLLUTION/GAS COLLECTION ANDCONTROL4 5 6 .17 SURFACE WATER/SEDIMENTS CONTAINMENT,COLLECTION,OR CONTROL4 5 6 .18 GROUNDWATER CONTAINMENT, COLLECTION,OR CONTROL4 5 6
49、 .19 SOLIDS/SOILS CONTAINMENT (for example,CAPPING/BARRIER),COLLECTION, OR CONTROL4 5 .20 LIQUIDS WASTE/SLUDGES (for example, UST/AST)CONTAINMENT, COLLECTION, OR CONTROL4 5 .21 IN SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT4 5 .22 EX SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT4 5 .23 IN SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT4 5 .24 EX SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT4 5 6 .25 IN SITU PHYSICAL TREATMENT4 5 .26 EX SITU PHYSICAL TREATMENT4 5 .27 IN SITU THERMAL TREATMENT4 5 .28 EX SITU THERMAL TREATMENT4 5 .29 IN SITU STABILIZATION/FIXATION/ENCAPSULATION4 5 .30 EX SITU STABI
