1、Designation: C1373/C1373M 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forDetermination of Thermal Resistance of Attic InsulationSystems Under Simulated Winter Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1373/C1373M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice presents a laboratory procedure to deter-mine
3、 the thermal resistance of attic insulation systems undersimulated steady-state winter conditions. The practice appliesonly to attic insulation systems that face an open attic air space.1.2 The thermal resistance of the insulation is inferred fromcalculations based on measurements on a ceiling syste
4、mconsisting of components consistent with the system beingstudied. For example, such a system might consist of a gypsumboard or plywood ceiling, wood ceiling joists, and atticinsulation with its top exposed to an open air space. Thetemperature applied to the gypsum board or plywood shall bein the ra
5、nge of 18 to 24C 64 to 75F. The air temperatureabove the insulation shall correspond to winter conditions andranges from 46C to 10C 51 to 50F. The gypsum boardor plywood ceiling shall be sealed to prevent direct airflowbetween the warm and cold sides of the system.1.3 This practice applies to a wide
6、 variety of loose-fill orblanket thermal insulation products including fibrous glass,rock/slag wool, or cellulosic fiber materials; granular typesincluding vermiculite and perlite; pelletized products; and anyother insulation material that is installed pneumatically orpoured in place. The practice c
7、onsiders the effects on heattransfer of structures, specifically the ceiling joists, substrate,for example, gypsum board, air films, and possible facings,films, or other materials that are used in conjunction with theinsulation.1.4 This practice measures the thermal resistance of theattic/ceiling sy
8、stem in which the insulation material has beenpreconditioned according to the material Specifications C549,C665, C739, and C764.1.5 The specimen preparation techniques outlined in thisstandard do not cover the characterization of loose-fill materi-als intended for enclosed applications.1.6 This prac
9、tice is be used to characterize material behav-ior under controlled steady-state laboratory conditions intendedto simulate actual temperature conditions of use. The practicedoes not simulate forced air flow conditions.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded sep
10、arately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7.1 All values shall be reported in both SI and inch-poundunits unl
11、ess specified otherwise by the client.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory li
12、mitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organizati
13、on TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket orBatt Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission
14、Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC520 Test Methods for Density of Granular Loose FillInsulationsC549 Specification for Perlite Loose Fill Insulation1This practice is under th
15、e jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on ThermalMeasurement.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1373/C1373M 11.DOI: 10.1520/C1373_C
16、1373M-11R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
17、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations is
18、sued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-lation for Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousingC687 Practice for Determination of Thermal Resistance ofLoose-Fill Building InsulationC739 Specificat
19、ion for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill ThermalInsulationC764 Specification for Mineral Fiber Loose-Fill ThermalInsulationC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties
20、of Thermal InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of BuildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 Definitions Unless otherwise stated, the
21、definitionslisted in Terminology C168 are applicable herein.4. Significance and Use4.1 The thermal resistance of a ceiling system is used tocharacterize its steady-state thermal performance.4.2 The thermal resistance of insulation is related to thedensity and thickness of the insulation. Test data o
22、n thermalresistance are obtained at a thickness and density representativeof the end use applications. In addition, the thermal resistanceof the insulation system will be different from that of thethermal insulation alone because of the system constructionand materials.4.3 This practice is needed be
23、cause the in-service thermalresistance of some permeable attic insulations under winterconditions is different, lower or higher R, than that measured ator close to simulated room temperature conditions utilizingsmall-scale tests in which the insulation is sandwiched betweentwo isothermal impermeable
24、 plates that have a temperaturedifference (T) of 20 to 30C 36 to 54F. When suchinsulation is installed in an attic, on top of a ceiling composedof normal building materials such as gypsum board orplywood, with an open top surface exposed to the attic airspace, the thermal resistance under winter con
25、ditions with heatflow up and large temperature differences is significantly lessbecause of additional heat transfer by natural convection. Fig.1 illustrates the difference between results from small scaletests and tests under the conditions of this practice. See Ref(1-12) for discussions of this phe
26、nomenon.34.4 In normal use, the thickness of insulation productsranges from 75 mm 3 in. to 500 mm 20 in. Installeddensities will depend upon the product type, the installedthickness, the installation equipment used, the installationtechnique, and the geometry of the insulated space.4.5 The onset of
27、natural convection under winter conditionsis a function of specimen thickness for some materials. Forpurposes of this practice, the tests shall be carried out atthicknesses at which the product is used.4.6 Since this practice simulates winter conditions, the heatflow direction shall be vertically up
28、wards.4.7 Specimens shall be prepared in a manner consistent withthe intended installation procedure. Products for pneumaticinstallation shall be pneumatically-applied (blown), and prod-ucts for pour-in-place installation shall be poured into place.See 5.2.5. Equipment5.1 Thermal test apparatus used
29、 for this practice shall meetthe following requirements:5.1.1 Conformance to StandardsThe apparatus shall con-form to all requirements of the ASTM thermal test methodused, except as required by 5.1.2 5.1.6.5.1.2 SizeThe apparatus shall be capable of testing speci-mens at the thickness intended for p
30、roduct use. Length andwidth of the metering area shall be at least twice the spacing ofthe wood joists or four times the specimen thickness, which-ever is greater (see Fig. 2).5.1.3 TemperatureThe apparatus shall be capable of test-ing with the hot side surface maintained between 18 and 24C64 and 75
31、F, and with the cold side air temperature main-tained near the winter condition for the particular climate beingsimulated, which ranges from 46 to 10C 51 to 50F. In theabsence of specified temperatures, the ambient temperatureslisted in Table 2 of C1058 on Temperatures for ThermalTransmittance Evalu
32、ations is one source of test temperatures.NOTE 1Only those with a hot ambient of 24C 75F are applicable.5.1.4 HumidityThe absolute humidity on both sides of thetest apparatus shall be maintained low enough to preventcondensation within the specimen. See 6.9.6 of Test MethodC1363 for humidity require
33、ments for the hot box methods, 6.63The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.NOTE 1A constant hot-side temperature (T, hot) is used for both testsand the temperature difference increases as the cold side temperature (T,cold) is decreased. See 5.1.
34、6 for requirements on size of air space.FIG. 1 Schematic of Thermal Resistance for a Permeable AtticInsulation Under Simulated Winter Conditions (Heat Flow Up)C1373/C1373M 11 (2017)2of Test Method C177 for the guarded hot plate method, and7.10 of Test Method C518 for the heat flow meter apparatus.5.
35、1.5 Orientation and Direction of Heat FlowThe thermaltest specimen shall be oriented horizontally with heat flow up.5.1.6 Thermal Test Specimen and HolderThe test assem-bly shall be sized to match the test apparatus and shall be madeof construction materials representative of the intended appli-cati
36、on. The substrate on which the insulation rests shall berepresentative of the intended application, typically gypsumboard. The substrate shall be sealed to prevent direct airflowbetween the warm and cold sides of the system. Wood joistsalso shall be included. The test assembly shall be constructedsu
37、ch that the top of the insulation is open to an air space havinga minimum thickness of 150 mm 6 in. Test Methods C1363is preferred because of its ability to accommodate a large airspace. Other apparatuses that simulate in-service conditionsmust meet the requirements of this practice, (for example,mo
38、difications of Test Methods C177, C518,orC1114 withPractice C1045). In all cases, the size requirements given in5.1.2 shall be met. Fig. 3 shows a schematic of an attic testmodule that has been used for these types of tests. Otherconfigurations without the roof structure are acceptable as longas the
39、 minimum 150 mm 6 in. air space is maintained.5.2 Specimen Preparation Equipment:5.2.1 Blowing ApparatusA blowing apparatus is requiredwhen pneumatically-applied specimens are to be tested.Choose the combination of hopper, blower, hose size andlength that is representative of common use for the appl
40、icationof the material to be tested. The following machine specifica-tions have been developed for use with mineral fiber andcellulosic materials.5.2.1.1 A commercial blowing machine with a design ca-pacity for delivering the subject material at a rate recom-mended by the insulation manufacturer sha
41、ll be used. Themachine must utilize 46 m 150 ft of flexible, internallycorrugated blowing hose with an appropriate sized diameter asspecified by the machine manufacturer. At least 30 m 100 ftof the hose must be elevated between 3 and 6 m 10 and 20 ftabove the blowing machine to simulate typical inst
42、allationconfiguration. The hose must have no more than eight 90bends and no bends less than 1.2 m 4 ft radius. It is goodpractice to clean the hose periodically by mechanically agitat-ing it with the blower operating. This practice dislodges anypieces of old insulation that might be caught in the ho
43、se.6. Sampling6.1 A sample of material shall be selected from a lotaccording to sampling plans given in the materialspecifications, regulations, or other appropriate documentswhen applicable. In the absence of such directions, materialfrom at least two randomly chosen packages shall be combinedin eq
44、ual portions (mass) so as to combine materials asuniformly as practicable.6.2 The insulation material is preconditioned to a moisturecontent in equilibrium with the laboratory conditions prior tothe specimen installation. Preconditioning of materials not onlyensures controlled installation condition
45、s but reduces the timerequired to condition the prepared specimen prior to thermaltesting. For conditioning requirements, see the applicablematerials Specifications C520, C549, C665, C739, and C764.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 General Instructions:7.1.1 All specimens shall be prepared to a thickness a
46、nd unitarea mass that are given for the label R-value specification ofinterest for the material under test.7.1.2 Specimens shall be prepared in a manner consistentwith the intended installation procedure. All materials shall beinstalled carefully using the manufacturers recommendedinstallation pract
47、ice. Batts shall be cut, as required, to fit theavailable specimen holder. Products for pneumatic installationshall be pneumatically-applied (blown), and products forpour-in-place installation shall be poured into the specimenholder. See 7.2.2 for the density of pneumatically-installedinsulation. Ot
48、her materials must be installed at the densitysuggested by the manufacturer.7.1.3 The specimen holder shall represent typical atticframe construction, wherever possible. This requires, as aminimum, horizontal members representing the bottom chordof a truss system or rafter framing and an air-tight g
49、ypsumboard or plywood bottom. The specimen holder shall be cleanand free of insulation residue prior to installation of the sampleinsulation.NOTE 2For commonly available loose-fill insulation, state and federalenergy codes, ASTM material specifications and the Federal TradeCommission have identified those materials that shall apply a correctionfor settling when determining thermal performance. It is beyond the scopeof this practice to outline the procedures for this determination.NOTE 3Many factors can influen
