1、Designation: D2248 01a (Reapproved 2018)Standard Practice forDetergent Resistance of Organic Finishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of
3、the resistanceto failure, in an accelerated manner, of organic finishes whenimmersed in a detergent solution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns
4、, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with inte
5、rnationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D523
6、 Test Method for Specular GlossD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel SurfacesD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD823
7、 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applie
8、d toa Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD1654 Test Method
9、for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for Painting (Withdrawn 2008)3D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Org
10、anic Coatings byScrape AdhesionD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test3. Significance and Use3.1 Any effects such as color change, blistering. loss ofadhesion, softening,
11、or embrittlement are observed and noted.4. Apparatus4.1 ContainerA corrosion-resistant container equippedwith the means to control the solution temperature within therange specified and to control the liquid level at 65mm(316in.). Agitation may be required to maintain temperature uni-formity.4.2 Cov
12、erThe container shall be provided with a cover toretard evaporation and to contain the test specimens com-pletely.5. Test Specimens5.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens shall be100 by 300 by 0.9 mm (4 by 12 in. by 20 gage) in size. The test1This practice is under the jurisdiction of AST
13、M Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2248 01a (201
14、3).DOI: 10.1520/D2248-01AR18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of th
15、is historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th
16、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1specimen composition, surface preparation, and number of testspecimens shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the
17、seller.NOTE 1Applicable test panel description and surface preparationmethods are as follows: Practices D609, D1730 and D2092.6. Coating of Test Specimens6.1 The method of application, film thickness, curing, andconditioning of the test surface shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the selle
18、r.NOTE 2Application and film thickness measurement methods aregiven as follows: Practices D823, and Test Methods D1005, D1186, andD1400.6.2 The backs, cut edges, and those areas containing iden-tification marks or in contact with the supports, shall beprotected with a suitable coating that is stable
19、 under theconditions of test.7. Detergent Solution7.1 Composition, concentration, and temperature of deter-gent solution shall be agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller.7.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, use Type 4 deionizedwater that complies with the requirements of SpecificationD1193.7.1.
20、2 Unless otherwise specified, the concentration of thedetergent solution shall be 1 6 0.05 % by weight.7.2 A typical solid detergent composition is as follows:Parts byWeightTetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), anhydrous 53.0Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), anhydrous 19.0Sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), anhydr
21、ous 7.0Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), anhydrous 1.0Sodium salt of a linear alkylarylsulfonate (90 % flake grade)620.0Total 100.0NOTE 3If agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller to use acommercial brand of detergent, both parties should be aware that acommercial brand may have different formulat
22、ions specific to certaingeographic regions and that commercial brand formulations may changefrom year to year.7.3 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the de-tergent solution shall be 74 6 1C (165 6 2F).NOTE 4A listing of sources for the detergent chemicals can be foundin McCutcheons Emuls
23、ifiers and Detergents.47.4 Record the pH of the solution at the beginning and endof each test.7.5 Unless otherwise specified, agitate the detergent solu-tion during the test. The agitation shall not cause any bubbleformation and shall allow for maintenance of panel spacingminimums.8. Procedure8.1 Im
24、mersionSuspend the test specimens vertically in thecontainer so that at least one half of the surface area issubmerged in the detergent solution. Separate the test speci-mens so that they are not in contact with any metal and are nocloser together than 25 mm (1 in.) at any point in the bath.Replace
25、the detergent solution with fresh detergent solutionevery 168 h. Immerse test specimens in Type 4 deionized waterwhen the detergent solution is being changed. Do not keep thetest specimens out of the detergent solution for longer than 30min. If successive tests are to be correlated, each test shalli
26、nclude control panels. The panel composition and paintformulation used for the control panels shall be the same foreach test.8.2 Examination of SpecimensWhen the specimens areready for examination, carefully remove, gently wash or dip inclean running water not warmer than the temperature of thedeter
27、gent solution to remove the detergent from the surface,and then carefully dry by blowing with air or blotting withabsorbent paper. During the progress of the test, examine fordeterioration of the film immediately. If reimmersion isnecessary, do not allow the specimens to remain out of theliquid in e
28、xcess of12 h, unless otherwise specified. Examinethe test coating for the failures specifically agreed upon by thepurchaser and the seller.NOTE 5The following methods of evaluating finish degradation in thispractice are applicable: Test Methods D523, D714, D1474, D2197, D610,D1654, D2244, and D3359.
29、8.3 Length of TestThe length of test and the intermediateexamination periods shall be as designated by the specificationcovering the organic finish being tested or as mutually agreedupon by the purchaser and the seller.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision data are based on a round robin in which three
30、finishes applied to two substrates were tested in six laboratorieswith each laboratory making two runs of five replicates of eachvariation. Blister failure was reported by all cooperators usingTest Method D714. To simplify the evaluation of blisteringdata the blister ratings were converted to single
31、 numericalvalues by the formula Frequency Number Size 10 = Nu-merical Value. The Frequency Numbers assigned were asfollows:No blistering 10Very few 9Few 8Few medium 6Medium 5Medium dense 4Dense 2By this system, few Size 8 blistering would have a numericalvalue of 6.4. The adequacy of precision depen
32、ds upon thepurpose of the test and should be determined by the user fromthe data supplied.9.1.1 Using these numerical values the standard deviationsfor the three finishes were as follows (rounded to nearest-tenth):Finish Within Laboratory Between-Laboratory1 0.8 1.42 0.4 0.63 1.3 2.64McCutcheons Emu
33、lsifiers and Detergents, McCutcheons Division, M. C.Publishing Co., 175 Rock Rd., Glen Rock, NJ 07452.D2248 01a (2018)29.1.2 Repeatability:Finish Difference12.8215349.1.3 Reproducibility:Finish Difference14.922239010. Keywords10.1 degradationpaints/related coatings/materials; deter-gent resistancesA
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37、e on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 01a (2018)3
