1、2013-2014学年辽宁省大连市五校高二下尖子生竞赛英语试卷与答案（带解析） 其他 Public Speaking and Critical thinking What is critical thinking To a certain degree, its a matter of logic - of being able to spot weakness in other peoples arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact
2、 from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking - the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. _. The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was really available and put i
3、t together differently to produce new ideas.That, too, is critical thinking. _ _. As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical (机械的 ) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If
4、the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging your ideas you already have. _. What i
5、s true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. _. As you work on expressing your ideas in clear accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. _ As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas
6、of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece. A Rather,
7、it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. B This may seem take a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. C It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. D It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.
8、E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how
9、they can be used in other forms of communication as well. 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 E 【小题 3】 A 【小题 4】 F 【小题 5】 G 试题分析：本文主要讲述公共演讲和批判性思维的关系。 【小题 1】考查句意理解和上下文。 根据空后的举例 The greatest thinkers scientists and inventorsto produce new ideas 可知选 D项。 【小题 2】考查句意理解和上下文。根据空后 As the class goes on for example都和 speaking
10、class有关所以选 E项。 【小题 3】考查句意理解和上下文。根据关键句子 Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have可知应该选择 organizing a speech的另一个重要性所以选择 Rather it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.最佳。 所以选 A 【小题 4】考查句意理解和上下文。根据关键句子 As you work onimprove your ability to think cl
11、early and accurately.可以选出最佳答案：。在演讲班学到的技能能帮助你在很多方面成为有效的思考者。可知选 F。 【小题 5】考查句意理 解和上下文。根据关键句子 As you work on 及 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class 可知应该选择动作顺承的选项，所以选择 G项。 考点：考查信息匹配 Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Wr
12、ite NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer. Aids today Aids, the short form for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by a virus called HIV, which enters a persons blood and attacks the bodys immune (免疫的 ) system. There is no cure for HIV or Aids, and after a person has been infected, he or s
13、he will always carry the virus. Sometimes, infected people have no outward symptoms. HIV and Aids are spreading across the world at a frightening rate, with about 14,000 people being infected daily. The virus is spread in three ways - through unprotected sex, blood-blood contact and mother-to-child
14、transmission. Unprotected sex is the most common way that the virus is spread, accounting for 75 percent of adult infections worldwide. Although many people are familiar with Aids and how it is transmitted, more than a few people hold the view that HIV and Aids are an African problem because the inf
15、ection rates there are very high. However, HIV and Aids are a problem all over the world. Since the disease was discovered in the 1980s, it has become a serious problem in many places, infecting over 60 million people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization estimates from 2005, more th
16、an 4 million children had died from Aids, and more than 14 million children had lost their parents to Aids. All of this makes it clear that something must be done to stop this deadly disease. The government is working hard to control the Aids epidemic and has opened labs to test and monitor the dise
17、ase. In 2003, the government also started providing free drugs for Aids patients in need. The United Nations has been very involved in fighting HIV and Aids around the world for many years now. UNAIDS, an organization founded in 1996, helps prevent the spread of Aids. The work includes providing inf
18、ected people with help from doctors and testing for people. The organization also offers programs that teach Aids prevention to young people and sets up treatment centers.答案： 【小题 1】 short/the short form 【小题 2】 Spreading 【小题 3】 unprotected 【小题 4】 transmission 【小题 5】 thousand 【小题 6】 death(s) 【小题 7】 wi
19、thout/ losing 【小题 8】 Measures 【小题 9】 monitoring 【小题 10】 provide 试题分析：文章介绍有关艾滋病的基本常识 ;艾滋病的危害，它的传播方式，采取的措施。 【小题 1】原词重现题：根据第一段的句子： Aids, the short form for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, 可知 Aids是 acquired immune deficiency syndrome的缩写形式 , 填 short/the short form。 【小题 2】原词重现题：根据第二段的句子和右边的内容： HIV an
20、d Aids are spreading across the world at a frightening rate, 可知这部分讲的是艾滋病的传播方式。填 Spreading。 【小题 3】原词重现题：根据第二段的句子： The virus is spread in three ways - through unprotected sex,可知艾滋病毒可以通过没有保护的性接触传播。填unprotected。 【小题 4】原词重现题： 根据第二段的句子： blood-blood contact and mother-to-child transmission. 可知艾滋病毒可以通过母婴传播。
21、填 transmission。 【小题 5】数字题：根据第三段的句子： it has become a serious problem in many places, infecting over 60 million people worldwide. 60 million=60， 000 thousand . 【小题 6】词性转化题：根据第三段的句子： According to the World Health Organization estimates from 2005, more than 4 million children had died from Aids, and mor
22、e than 14 million children had lost their parents to Aids. 可知将 died改成death(s) 【小题 7】词性转化题：根据第三段的句子： According to the World Health Organization estimates from 2005, more than 4 million children had died from Aids, and more than 14 million children had lost their parents to Aids. 可知将 lost改成without/ lo
23、sing。 【小题 8】归纳题：根据右边的内容，可知介绍的是政府采取的措施。填Measures。 【小题 9】词性转化题：根据第四段的句子： The government is working hard to control the Aids epidemic and has opened labs to test and monitor the disease. 可知将monitor改成 monitoring。 【小题 10】词性转化题：根据第四段的句子： The work includes providing infected people with help from doctors a
24、nd testing for people. 可知将 providing改成 provide来 考点：考查任务型阅读 完 型填空 To be a real gentleman, you should know that true forgiveness is one of the most remarkable qualities a human can possess! In the fighting between two countries in the 1970s, a young man was walking from one village to the next when he
25、 was by an armed guerrilla fighter from the enemy country The fighter the young man down the hill where he was to be . But a（ n） thing happened The young man, who had military training, was able to disarm the fighter Now, the table was and it was the fighter who was ordered down the hill As they wal
26、ked, , the young man began to reflect on what was happening Recalling the of his mother, Love your enemies; do good to those who you. He found he could go no farther He 10 the gun into the bushes, told the fighter he was to go and turned back the hill Minutes later, he heard footsteps53 behind him a
27、s he walked Is this the end after all he . Perhaps the fighter had got the gun and wanted to finish him off But he continued on, glancing back, until his enemy reached him, only to grab him in a hug and pour out for sparing his life Mercy often wears the face of And though it usually isnt an enemy i
28、n uniform-that we are challenged to forgive, we have for mercy every day. Family members and friends, co-workers and neighbors and even strangers have for our forgiveness. You know who they are. As Mahatma Gandhi said, The can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. Be strong. For
29、give. 【小题1】 A shot B murdered C killed D caught A demanded B reminded C ordered D required A beaten B shot C accepted D driven A amazing B frightening C inspiring D confusing A watched B received C accepted D suggested A turned B covered C moved D repaired A thus B indeed C therefore D however A exp
30、ressions B plans C words D signals A forgive B hate C instruct D help A packed B dragged C forced D threw A free B slow C nervous D eager A for B into C up D down A showing B waving C running D jumping A shouted B counted C wondered D argued A seldom B never C always D sometimes A marks B favors C t
31、hanks D reasons A awareness B kindness C safeness D forgiveness A opportunities B explanations C hopes D lessons A need B responsibility C patience D energy A lonely B weak C healthy D calm 答案： 【小题 1】 D 【小题 2】 C 【小题 3】 B 【小题 4】 A 【小题 5】 B 【小题 6】 A 【小题 7】 D 【小题 8】 C 【小题 9】 B 【小题 10】 D 【小题 11】 A 【小题 1
32、2】 C 【小题 13】 C 【小题 14】 C 【小题 15】 B 【小题 16】 C 【小题 17】 D 【小题 18】 A 【小题 19】 A 【小题 20】 B 试题分析：文章通过一个年轻人和士兵的故事，告诉我们要学会原谅敌人，也要原谅身边的人，这样才是强者的行为。 【小题 1】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A shot射击， B murdered谋杀。C killed杀死， D caught抓住，根据上文： In the fighting between two countries in the 1970s,可知一个人从一个村子走到另外一个村子的时候，被敌方的游击队的战士抓住了，所以选
33、 D。 【小题 2】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A demanded要求， B reminded提醒，C ordered命令， D required要求，根据下文： it was the fighter who was ordered down the hill可知 游击队的战士命令这个人走下山，所以选 C。 【小题 3】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A beaten击败， B shot射击，C accepted接受， D driven驾驶，根据上下文可知游击队的战士命令这个人走下山是想枪杀他，所以选 B。 【小题 4】考查形容词辨析和上下文串联。 A amazing令人惊讶的，B fright
34、ening令人害怕的， C inspiring激励人心的， D confusing令人困惑的，根据下文： The young man, who had 5 military training, was able to disarm the fighter可知是令人惊讶的事情发生了，所以选 A。 【小题 5】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A watched观察， B received收到，C accepted接受， D suggested建议，接受过军事训练的年轻人能够使战士缴械。所以选 B。 【小题 6】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A turned 转变， B covered覆盖，C moved
35、移动，感动， D repaired修理，根据下文： it was the fighter who was ordered down the hill可知局面转变了，所以选 A。 【小题 7】考查副词辨析和上下文串联。 A thus因此， B indeed 确实，C.therefore因此， D however然而，然而，他们在走的时候，年轻人反思发生的事情，所以选 D。 【小题 8】考查名词辨析和上下文串联。 A expressions表达，表情， B plans计划， C words单词， D signals信号，根据下文： Love your enemies; do good to tho
36、se who 9 you.可知年轻人想到妈妈说的话，所以 选 C。 【小题 9】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A forgive原谅， B hate讨厌，C instruct 指导，指示， D help帮助，根据上文： Love your enemies;可知要对讨厌你的人做好事，所以选 B。 【小题 10】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A packed 打包， B dragged 拖，拉，C forced强迫， D threw扔，根据下文： told the fighter he was 11 to go and turned back 12 the hill可知年轻人将枪扔了，所以选 D。 【
37、小题 11】考查形容词辨析和上下文串联。 A free自由的，免费的， B slow慢的， C nervous 紧张的， D eager渴望的，根据下文： turned back 12 the hill可知年轻人告诉战士他自由了，所以选 A。 【小题 12】考查介词辨析和上下文串联。 A for为了， B into进入， C up 向上， D down向下，根据上文： it was the fighter who was ordered down the hill可知年轻人让士兵回到山上，所以选 C。 【小题 13】考查动词辨 析和上下文串联。 A showing展示， B waving挥手，
38、C running 跑， D jumping 跳，几分钟后，他听见后面有脚步声跑。所以选 C。 【小题 14】考查动词辨析和上下文串联。 A shouted叫喊， B counted数，C wondered想知道， D argued争论，根据上文： Is this the end after all 可知这是他想知道的问题，所以选 C。 【小题 15】考查副词辨析和上下文串联。 A seldom很少， B never 从不，C always总是， D sometimes有时，根据下文： until his enemy reached him,可知他一直没有回头，所以选 B。 【小题 16】考查
39、名词辨析和上下文串联。 A marks标志， B favors帮助，恩惠， C thanks 感谢， D reasons原因，根据上下文可知士兵为了年轻人饶了他的命感谢他。所以选 C。 【小题 17】考查名词辨析和上下文串联。 A awareness意识， B kindness好心，善举， C safeness安全， D forgiveness原谅，根据下文： And though it usually isnt an enemy in uniform-that we are challenged to forgive,可知仁慈经常是以原谅的面孔出现，所以选 D。 【小题 18】考查名词辨析和
40、上下文串联。 A opportunities 机会，B explanations解释， C hopes希望， D lessons功课，根据上文： And though it usually isnt an enemy in uniform-that we are challenged to forgive,可知我们每天都有机会 原谅，所以选 A。 【小题 19】考查名词辨析和上下文串联。 A need需要， B responsibility责任，C patience 耐心， D energy经历，家庭成员，朋友，同事，邻居都需要我们的原谅。所以选 A。 【小题 20】考查形容词辨析和上下文串联
41、。 A lonely孤单的， B weak虚弱的， C healthy 健康的， D calm冷静的，根据下文： Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.可知弱者从来不会原谅。选 B。 考点：考查人生百味类短文 阅读理解 About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table. I couldnt help overhearing parts of t
42、heir conversation. At one point the woman asked,“So, how have you been ”And the boy who could not have been more than seven or eight years old replied,“Frankly, Ive been feeling a little depressed lately.” This incident stuck in my mind because it strengthened my growing belief that children are cha
43、nging. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didnt find out we were“depressed”until we were in high school. The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children dont seem childlike any more. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more
44、 like adults than they used to. Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists. Why Human development is based not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social r
45、ole to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new situation. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation machine has been fixe
46、d in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pi
47、ctures. Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practised. Children must read simple books before they can read com
48、plex materials. 【小题 1】 Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world _ . A through touch with society B gradually and under guidance C naturally and by biological instinct D through exposure to social information 【小题 2】 In the authors opinion, the phenomenon that todays children seem adultlike is caused by _. A the widespread influence of television B the poor arrangement of teaching content C the fast step of human intellectual development D the constantly rising standard of living 【小题 3】 Why is the author in favor of commun
