1、2014届高考阅读理解全程冲刺训练（ 13）英语试卷与答案（带解析） 阅读理解 How I Turned to Be Optimistic I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunts house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were tu
2、rning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning. I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends
3、 and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then. The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism,
4、but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really losthaving to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my st
5、epfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to the hard times. My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandpare
6、nts to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives. From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a littl
7、e! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy. 【小题 1】 How did the author get to know America A From her relatives. B From her mother. C From books and pictures. D From radio programs. 【小题 2】 Upon leaving for America the author felt_. A confused B excited C w
8、orried D amazed 【小题 3】 For the first two years in New York, the author _. A often lost her way B did not think about her future C studied in three different schools D got on well with her stepfather 【小题 4】 What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4 A. She worked as a translator. B. She atte
9、nded a lot of job interviews. C. She paid telephone bills for her family. D She helped her family with her English. 【小题 5】 The author believes that_. A her future will be free from troubles B it is difficult to learn to become patient C there are more good things than bad things D good things will h
10、appen if one keeps trying 答案： 【小题 1】 C 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 D 【小题 5】 D Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 p
11、ercent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be gr
12、oundless. The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to comple
13、te their doctorates. Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree
14、. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropout
15、s to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D. “The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.” Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of abilit
16、y or their specialities. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncomplete
17、d research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were re
18、ceiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, wher
19、e Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school wou
20、ld be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job. 【小题 1】 The author states that many educators feel that A steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus. the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study
21、. C the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout. D The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members. 【小题 2】 Research has shown that A Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. s in financial attainment. the incentive
22、factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies. C The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out. D about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree. 【小题 3】 Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D
23、. A is the most frequent reason for dropping out. is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate. C is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs. D does not vary in difficulty among universities. 【小题 4】 After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
24、A optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree. a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree. C colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts. D Ph. D. s are not earning what they deserve i
25、n nonacademic positions. 【小题 5】 It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in A salary for Ph. D. too low. academic requirement too high. C salary for dropouts too high. D 1000 positions. Vocabulary dropout 辍学者，中途退学 well-rounded 全面的 attrition 缩 /减员，磨损 drain 枯竭 bracket 一类人，（尤指按收入分类的）阶层 la
26、gging behind other fields 落后于其它领域 glum 阴郁的 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 D 【小题 3】 C 【小题 4】 A 【小题 5】 A 难句译注 Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. 【参考译文】教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率；这对迫
27、切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严重损失。 It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. 【结构分析】 sent过去分词，修饰 questionnaires。 Who定语从句修饰 students。 【参考译文】这份全面调查报告是以 22000份调查表分送给以前在 24所大学就读的博士生为基础的。这份全面调查报告似乎说
28、明过去许多担心害怕是没有根据的。 Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. 【结构分析】被动句。 To capacity满额，全力。 【参考译文】博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是宝贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。 This may also be an indication of the fact that top
29、salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. 【结构分析】 the fact的同位语 that从句中的 where是定语从句，修饰 academic fields。 【参考译文】这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域。 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论及 “博士生辍学 ”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一 开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达 5
30、0的问题。而调查报告证明，只有 31。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。 【小题 1】 A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话： “有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。 ” B. 辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。 C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。 D. 高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓励。这三 项文内没有提。 【小题 2】 D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句： “辍学率为 31。大
31、多数情况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作 ”。 A. 辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段： “作为辍学者干得真不错的证明，统计图表说明 2人文学科的辍学者年收入为 20000多没劲，没有一个同样背景的博士生达到这个数字。 7000至 15000美元年收入水平为博士生的 78，辍学者仅为 50。 ” B. 在博士学习中刺激因素较小。 C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改 变其专业领域。 【小题 3】 C. 博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示： “约 75的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因，而处于学术原因
32、的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，通不过外语考试 ”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。 A. 它是退学最频繁的原因。 B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同。 【小题 4】 A. 读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末： “我们研究的结果并不支持这些 一件（包括返回校园之意见）： 缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。 大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。 大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。 ”最后一段： “至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有 25的退学生可能
33、考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。 ” B. 博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。 C. 学院和大学雇佣了许多退学生。 D. 博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。 B.、 C.两项文内没 提。 D.不对，参见难句译注 4。 【小题 5】 A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题 A.的译注和难句译注 4。 B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题 D项注释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。 Somali pirates(海盗 ) robbed three
34、 Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board nearly l， 200 Miles off the Somali coast， the farthest-off-shore attack to date， an officer said Tuesday. Pirates have gone farther south and east in answer to increased patrols(巡逻 )by warships off the Somali shore. The robbing of the three ships Sunday w
35、as about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force， said a spokesman The spokesman said the attack so far out at sea was a clear sign that the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”. “Once they start attacking
36、that far out， youre not even really talking about the Somali basin or areas of water that have any connection with Somalia,” said an officer，Roger Middleton. “Once youre that far out， its just the Indian Ocean， and it means youre looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia， from Asia to South Afric
37、a.” This is the farthest robbing to date. They are now operating near the Maldives and India,” said another officer. The three ships-the MV Prantalay 11， 12， and l 4had 77 members on board in total All of them are Thai, the spokesman said. Before the Sunday robbing， pirates held l l ships and 228 sa
38、ilors. Pirates have increased attacks over the past year in hopes。 f catching more dollar payments. Because of increased patrols and defenses on board ships， the success rate(率 )has gone down， though the number of successful attacks has stayed the same year over year. 【小题 1】 The pirate attack report
39、ed in the text happened . A far out in the Indian Ocean B in the normal patrol area C near the Somali, coast D in the south of Africa 【小题 2】 According to the text, which can best describe the situation of the pirate problems A More goods on board are lost. B Pirate attacks happen in a larger area no
40、w. C The number of attacks has stayed the same these years. D Pirate attacks are as serious as before along the Somali coast. 【小题 3】 Which is true about the warship patrols according to the text A The patrols are of little effect. B The patrols are more difficult. C More patrols are quite necessary
41、even in Asia. D The patrols only drive the pirates to other areas. 【小题 4】 . How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report A 228. B 77. C 383. D 305. 答案： 【小题 1】 A 【小题 2】 B 【小题 3】 B 【小题 4】 D 本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。报道索马里海盗周日抢劫三艘泰国渔船，并引用部分官员的话，让读者了解当前的索马里海盗的形势。 【小题 1】 A 考点：细节理解 ：由 “The ro
42、bbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force” 以及 “Once youre that far out， its just the Indian Ocean”句意为 “这次海盗袭击发生在国际保卫队正常保护区域六百英里外 ”， “一旦你到了那么远，那就是印度洋了 ”可得出答案：。 【小题 2】 B 考点： 主旨大意 ：文章主要报 道发生在周末的对泰国渔船的袭击，就此事引出索马里海盗的袭击已经超越国际保护队的正常护卫范
43、围，而进入更深的海域。 【小题 3】 B 考点：细节理解 ：依据 patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”及 “Once youre that far out， its just the Indian Ocean， and it means youre looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia， from Asia to South Africa.”可知巡逻明显见效，又有一旦再超过那么远，那就是印度洋，那就意味着你在看管从波斯湾到亚洲，从亚洲到南美洲的所有行线。可知应是巡逻难度加大了。 【小题 4】 D 考点：推理计算题。 ：由文章首句 Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board 及 Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.可知到发报到为止，索马里海盗应劫持水手 77+228=305人。
