1、虚 拟 语 气,概念： 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种愿望、假设、或推测。,一、虚拟语气在 if非真实条件句中,过去式 be -were,should / would/ could / might + do,had done,should / would/ could / might + have done,过去式（be-were） should do were to do,should / would/ could / might + do,If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam. （过去虚拟
2、）,1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议（现在虚拟）,2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。（将来虚拟）,3.如果你以前好好学习， 你会通过考试的。,If I were you, I would accept his advice.,If it rained（should rain/were to rain ）tomorrow, I would stay at home.,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. drove; didnt get drove; wouldnt get were driving; wouldnt ge
3、t had driven; wouldnt have got,1. if从句中， 省略if，were，had，should可以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），否定词not不能放在前面。,1.If I were you, I would accept his advice.,2.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,3.If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.,Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should i
4、t rain tomorrow,.,_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. Were B. Should C.Would D. Will,If it should rain tomorrow (省略if，用部分倒装）,2.错综时间虚拟语气 当从句与主句时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you _(follow)my advice just now, you _(be)better now. If you _(study)hard before,
5、you _(be)a college student now.,had followed,would be,had studied,would be,If you _ with George earlier, you _ so angry now. talked; would not be had talked; would not be would talk; would not be had talked; would not have been,If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so ser
6、iously now. is not polluted would not be polluted had not been polluted would not have been polluted,3、含蓄虚拟语气 在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。 常用的有otherwise ，or ，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）等。,1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. =If I hadnt been ill that d
7、ay, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.,2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.,3.Without / But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, ,Without electricity, human being life _ quite
8、different today. is will be would have been would be,But for his help, I _. should not have succeeded have not succeeded did not succeed had not succeeded,He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. had scored scored would score would have scored,It is strange that_. 他居
9、然会这样说，真是奇怪。It is necessary that_.有必要派他去北京。,二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用 1，Its necessary/strange/natural/important/impossible that 主语+(should)+动词原形,he ( should ) say so,he be sent to Beijing,2.It is a pity /a shame/ a surprise/ no wonder that 主语+(should)+V原形,It is a great pity that_. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。,he ( should )
10、 think so,3.It is/was suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed / （1234）+that +主语+(should)+V原形Its suggested that the plan should be carried out. It is suggested that_ _. 有人建议，晚会周六举行。,the party （should）be,held on Saturday,一个坚持 insisted,两道命令 ordered, commanded,三条建议 advised, suggested, proposed,四点要求 dem
11、anded, required, requested, desired,It is required that you _ at six. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 2.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam.A. has B. shouldC. would D. might,3. It is necessary that our drinking water _ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made C. would be ma
12、de D. was made,三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 1.在wish 引导的宾语从句中,过去时（were）,过去完成时、 had+done could have done,Should/would/could/might+动词原形,I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_(visit)us today. I wish he_(visit) us yesterday.,would visit,visited,had visited,I wish I _ the meeting last week. A. could att
13、end B. attended C. have attended D. had attended,2.在表示坚持，要求,命令,建议的宾语从句中,一个坚持 _两个命令 _三个建议 _四个要求 _,+that 主语+（ should ）+ V原形The doctor suggested that he (should) try （try）to lose his weight. He insisted that we (should) tell （ tell）him the news.,insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,demand, re
14、quire, request, desire,注意： suggest:表明，暗示 陈述语气建议 虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill . Her friends suggested that she _(send) to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说， 陈述语气坚持要求 虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal) the money . He insisted that he _ (set) free.,was,(should) be sent,hadnt stolen,(sh
15、ould) be set,3.在 would rather 宁愿 would preferwould sooner +宾语从句中had rather would as soon与现在或将来事实相反 过去时 动词过去式/were与过去事实相反 过去完成时 had doneI would rather you _(come) here now. I would rather you _(come) here tomorrow.I would rather you _ (not tell)me the truth yesterday.,came,hadnt told,came,四、虚拟语气的其他用法
16、 1. as if / as though（好像）+从句(与wish一样)if only(要是就好了）,If only I _ (be)a birdIf only you _ （listen)to our advice!If only I _ （be）a superstar some day.He looks as if he _an artist. He talked about the accident as if he _it.,were,had listened,would be,were,had seen,2.It is (high / about) time+ (that)从句动词
17、过去式should（不可省略） + do 该是某人做某事的时候了。 It is high time that you got up/should get up.,Im getting tired; its time we _ home.A. go B. are goingC. went D. should be going,3、在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（should） + do。并且should能省略（for fear that，lest），in case不能省略 She examined the door again
18、 for fear that a thief _ (come) in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he _ (be) late.他早早的就出发了以防迟到。,(should) come,(should) be,4、在so that / in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：may (might)can (could) + doshould He goes closer to the speaker so that he _him clearer. (hear)他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He rea
19、d the letter carefully in order that he _ a word. (miss)他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。,can hear,should not miss,5. 用于“May + 主语+ 动词原形+其他”May you have a long and happy life ！祝您快乐长寿！May you make greater progress!祝你取得更大进步！ 6. supposing / providing 假如， 如果 even if / even through 即使 的虚拟与 if 相同,7.情态动词+ have done (1) could/might have done 表示过去 本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到。,(2) should (ought to) have done “本应该”，表示过去应该做而没做 (3) neednt have done 必要做某事，但实际做了,8.(1234)名词后定语从句-陈述语气同位、表语从句虚拟语气,结束啦！,
