1、VALVES, CONNECTIONS, & PRDs 阀门、接头和泄压装置,CYLINDER GAS ER TRAINING 钢瓶气体应急培训,CYLINDER VALVES 瓶阀,VALVES 阀门 CONNECTIONS 接头 RELIEF DEVICES 泄压装置,CYLINDER VALVES 瓶阀,TYPES 种类 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION 制作材料 APPLICATIONS LOGIC 使用逻辑,CYLINDER VALVES 瓶阀,MANUAL VALVE TYPES 手动阀门 PRESSURE SEAL 压力密封 PACKED- WRENCH OPE
2、RATED 填塞 扳手操作 PACKED- HANDWHEEL OPERATED 填塞 手柄操作 SPRING-LIFT DIAPHRAGM 弹簧 - 提升隔膜 TIED DIAPHRAGM 与阀芯联结的隔膜 PNEUMATIC VALVES 气动阀 TIED DIAPHRAGM与阀芯联结的隔膜,CYLINDER VALVES 瓶阀,MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION 制作材料 BRASS 黄铜 Inerts, Oxidizers, Flammables 惰气、氧化性气体、可燃气体 CARBON STEEL 碳钢 Ammonia, Amines 氨气、胺类 ALUMINUM S
3、ILICON BRONZE 铝硅青铜 Corrosives, Oxidizers 腐蚀性气体、氧化性气体 STAINLESS STEEL 不锈钢 High purity 高纯度 New Ammonia, Amines 新型氨气、胺类 HASTALLOY 哈氏合金 High Purity Corrosive Chlorides高纯腐蚀性氯气,Pressure Seal Valve 压力密封阀,弹簧组件,手轮,阀帽,填料,阀杆上部,阀杆下部,泄压装置,阀座,阀体,Pressure Seal Valve 压力密封阀,User friendly, used with pressures up to 6
4、000 psig 使用方便，最高工作压力可达6000psig Used with industrial, low purity gases threads in wetted part of gas stream 用于低纯度的工业气体 气体会接触螺纹 Two piece stem, slot and blade configuration 阀杆有两部分，槽杆搭配 Spring in handle wheel, can wiggle 弹簧嵌在手轮内，可以扭动 Back seat to fully open 后阀座保证阀门完全打开 Hand wheel does not rise or lower
5、 when opening or closing 关闭或打开阀门，手轮不会上升或下降 “Leaks” around stem when opening or closing 开关阀门时，可能在阀杆处发生泄漏 Surprise 惊讶 (small acetylene cylinder valves do not have handwheel) 小乙炔瓶的瓶阀不带手轮,Wrench Operated Packed Valve 扳手操作填料阀,压紧螺母,填料压圈,填料,阀杆,泄压装置,阀座,阀体,Wrench Operated Packed Valve 扳手操作填料阀,Used in corrosi
6、ve, reactive gas services, F2, HCl, Cl2, NH3 用于腐蚀性、活性气体供应 No handwheel, top of stem is squared off to accommodate wrench 没有手轮，阀杆顶端制为方形，供扳手操作 Packed valve with a one piece stem 带单体阀杆 Seal is metal to metal - seat wears 金属对金属的密封形式 阀座会磨损 When new-closes at 35 ft-lbs worn valves may need 100 ft-lbs to c
7、lose 关紧新阀门需35英尺 磅的扭矩 关紧已磨损阀门需100英尺 磅的扭矩 may need two wrenches to close, especially on small cylinders 需要两个扳手关阀，特别是小钢瓶 Large teflon slug wears and can“cold flow” 大特氟纶芯 会磨损，导致“冷流” Corrosion products can “cement” threads, can build up on sealing surface 腐蚀产品 会“粘接”螺纹，阻塞封接面Very large flow capacity fully
8、open to turn 很大流量能力 转动1/4到1/2圈全开,F2 VALVE W/ PACKING SEAL 填料密封的F2阀门,Handwheel Operated Packed Valve 手轮操作填料阀,锁紧螺母,手轮,填料盖,阀杆上部,阀杆下部,泄压装置,阀座,阀体,压紧螺母,填料,Higher purity corrosive & reactive gases 高纯腐蚀反应性气体 Handwheel with no spring, stem rises when opened 手轮没有弹簧，开阀时首轮上升 Two or three piece stem, lower stem
9、attached to upper stem via slip joint 手轮分2或3段，下端和上端通过伸缩接头连接 stem seals without rotating, 不是通过旋转来密封阀杆 less force needed to ensure seal 不需大外力来保证密封 Relatively low flow- about 3 turns to fully open 流量相对较低 大约旋3圈全开 No threads or lubricants in wetted stream 与气体接触的阀杆没有螺纹或润滑剂 Never use wrenches to close 不要用扳
10、手关阀门,Handwheel Operated Packed Valve 手轮操作填料阀,Diaphragm Valve 隔膜阀,隔膜片,手轮,阀杆上部,阀杆下部,泄压装置,阀座,阀体,定位螺母,弹簧,Diaphragm Valve (second generation) 隔膜阀（第二代）,隔膜片,手轮,阀杆上部,阀杆下部,泄压装置,阀座,阀体,定位螺母,弹簧,Diaphragm Valves 隔膜阀,Used for high purity gases, rare gases, toxic gases-superior leak integrity 用于高纯气体、稀有气体、毒气 最大防止泄露
11、设计 Handwheel operated, two piece stem separated by a non-perforated diaphragms手轮操作，上下阀杆被无孔膜片分开 No spring in handwheel (no wiggle), stem rises and lowers手轮内没弹簧（不会摆动），阀杆上下移动 Spring around lower stem which pushes the lower stem away from seat when opened弹簧趋使下阀杆向上移动，于是阀门开启 1 1/2 turns to fully open, do
12、not backseat 转1.5圈全开 DOUBLE CLOSURE technique needed 需要“双关闭技术” Can open from vibration wire tied shut on toxics, pyrophorics 振动可能打开阀门 毒性、自燃性气体阀门须用线栓死。 Confirm valve is closed before you remove outlet seal 取下出口密封前，确定阀门是关紧的 Never use wrenches or cheaters can permanently dish diaphragms, push seat in o
13、pening决不能用扳手工具 可能永久破坏膜阀 Flow limiters (RFOs) often added for hazardous gases 对毒性气体通常加限流装置,Tied-Diaphragm Valve 膜片与阀芯联结的阀门,隔膜片,手轮,阀杆组件,阀座,阀体,定位螺母,Used for high purity gases, rare gases, toxic gases 用于高纯度气体、稀有气体、毒气 Two piece stem connected through the diaphragm 上下阀杆通过膜片联结 no spring, lower stem physica
14、lly pulled away from seat 没有弹簧、下阀杆被拉离阀座 turn to achieve full flow 转3/4圈全开 Leak check port on side of valve to check for diaphragm leaks 阀门侧有检漏口，用来检查膜片是否泄漏 Better for high-purity services, much lower internal volume and no spring 比较适合高纯度气体供应 Double Closure technique needed 需要“双关闭技术” Can open from vib
15、ration wire-tied shut on toxics, pyrophorics振动可能打开阀门 毒性、自燃性气体阀门须用线栓死。 Confirm valve is closed before you remove outlet seal取下出口密封前，确定阀门是关紧的 RFOs often added for hazardous gases 对毒性气体通常加限流装置,Tied-Diaphragm Valve 膜片与阀芯联结的阀门,Pneumatic Tied Diaphragm Valve 气动膜阀,Ceodeux Pneumatic Valves Ceodeux气动阀门,CEODE
16、UX HI-FLOW PNEUMATIC,Used for high purity gases, pyrophoric gases and toxic gases electronics industry 用于高纯度气，自燃气体和毒气 电子工业 Remotely operated with 60 -100 psig of nitrogen 远程控制60-100psig氮气 Fail-Closed Design 故障自动关闭设计 Lose nitrogen pressure - valve will close没有氮气压力，阀门会关闭 Red pin in with shipping lock
17、turned hard all the way clockwise valve closed and locked, ready for shipment 红色针形标志在锁紧位置，顺时针很难扭动 这时阀门关闭并锁紧，准备运输 Red pin out valve ready to be used 红色针形标志出来 阀门准备使用了 Manual operator available for ER use, etc. 紧急应变时也可手动。,Pneumatic Tied Diaphragm Valve 气动膜阀,Neriki Pneumatic Diaphragm-on-Seat Valve - Cl
18、F3 Neriki 气动膜阀（隔膜在阀座上） ClF3,Actuator gas port制动器气口,Shipping Lock 阀锁 Manual Override port 手动超驰口(采用手控方式来 消除自动控制作用),Solkatronic Chlorosilanes TBV Valve Solkatronic氯硅烷TBV阀门,Welded stainless steel 焊接不锈钢 Hastelloy Ball and Stem 耐盐酸镍基合金阀球和阀杆 Teflon Stem and Body Seals 特氟纶阀杆和阀体密封,White Ammonia Y Valve 白氨Y瓶阀
19、,White Ammonia Y Valve 白氨Y瓶阀,Standard Outlet Connections - What is the purpose? 标准出口接头 目的何在？,To prevent connection of cylinders to systems containing non-compatible components or with inadequate pressure rating. 防止钢瓶被接到不相容气体的系统或不合适的压力等级 To provide continuity within the industry so end users do not h
20、ave to change their equipment connections to accommodate different vendors.为工业界提供连续性，即使供应商不同，用气客户也不必改变设备接口,OUTLET CONNECTIONS 出口接头,STANDARDS 标准 Compressed Gas Association (CGA) - North America, etc. 北美压缩气体协会（CGA） V-I Pure Gases 纯气 V-7 Mixtures 混和气 British英国 (BS), Japan日本 (JIS), German德国 (DIN), ISO A
21、PPLICATIONS LOGIC 应用逻辑 TYPES 种类 General 普通 Medical 医药 “DISS” High Integrity (purity & tightness) “DISS”高整合性（纯度和气密度）,Types of Outlet Connections 出口接头种类,Standard Outlet Connections 标准出口接头 Bullet Nose Connections 子弹头接口 Gasket Connections 垫片接口 Ultra-High Integrity Service Connections 超高整合式接头 Diameter In
22、dex Safety System 直径索引安全系统,Metal-to-Metal Connection 金属对金属接口 (CGA 350),Gasketed Connection 垫片接口 (CGA 330),OUTLET CONNECTIONS 出口接头,GASKET TYPES 垫片形式 Fiber flammables and inerts 纤维 可燃气和惰气 Nylon, etc. - flammables and inerts 尼龙等 - 可燃气和惰气 Teflon, Filled Teflon & Kel-F corrosives 特氟纶类 腐蚀性气体 Lead fluorine
23、 and fluorine mixes, ClF3 铅 氟气和氟混和气 DISS Nickel high purity (electronics, etc. gases ) DISS镍接头 高纯（电子气体） DISS Kel-F - high purity (usually at fill plants only) DISS Kel-F接头 高纯度（通常用在充装厂）,DISS High Integrity Connection DISS高整合性接头,Leak check hole 泄漏检查孔,Leak Rates 泄漏率,Standard Outlet Connections 标准出口接头 D
24、esigned to be bubble tight 设计成不产生气泡 Will not cause leak testing solution to bubble 不会使测漏溶液产生气泡 Design leak rate- 1 x 10 -4 cc/sec 设计泄漏率 1 x 10 -4 cc/sec DISS Connections DISS接头 Designed to provide greater leak integrity 设计于提供更高的泄漏完整性 Design leak rate- 1 x 10 -8 cc/sec设计泄漏率 1 x 10 -8 cc/sec,Torque Re
25、quirements 扭矩要求,Bullet Nose Connections 子弹头接口 Typical torque required for seal 典型的密封扭矩 - 35 ft-lb “Maximum” torque recommended 推荐最大扭矩 - 50- 60 ft-lb Gasket Connections 垫片接口 Teflon 特氟纶, Kel-F 15 ft-lb min 25 ft-lb max Filled填充PTFE 20 ft-lb min 35 ft-lb max Metal金属 30 ft-lb min 45 ft-lb max DISS Conne
26、ctions DISS接头 Metal金属 35 ft-lb min 45 ft-lb max Kel-F 12-15 ft-lb all,PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES (PRDs) or “Safeties” 泄压装置和“保险”,DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 设计理念 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS 规范和标准 TYPES 种类,RFOs- Restrictive Flow Orifices 限流孔板 (“Flow Limiters”) 限流装置,Threaded into Valve outlet connection 旋入阀门出口接头 Used
27、 to reduce flow rate of leak of problem occurs beyond valve seat 用于减小泄漏率 Different sizes used depending on gas pressure & system consumption needs 根据气体压力和系统消耗量选择不同大小 Normally must be removed for ER transfer- cascade, cold coil, etc. 通常做应急转移前要先取下 串级、冷却盘管，等,PRDs- DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 泄压装置 设计理念,Used to Av
28、oid Cylinder Explosions In Fires, etc. (sometimes) 用于避免钢瓶火中爆炸（有时） NOT NORMALLY protection from overfilling 通常不能起到过量充装保护。 PRD selection based on BOTH product characteristics and cylinder pressure rating PRD选择基于产品特性和钢瓶压力等级 Not used on highly toxic gas cylinders, lecture bottles 不用于剧毒气体钢瓶、lecture瓶 Ofte
29、n not used outside North America 北美地区以外少用,PRDs- Regulations and Standards 泄压装置 规范和标准,DOT/TC Regulations 规范 require compliance with CGA standard S-1.1 for pure gas cylinders 要求纯气钢瓶符合CGA标准S-1.1 CGA PRD Standards 泄压装置标准 Pamphlet S-1.1 PRDs for pure gas cylinders 手册S-1.1 纯气钢瓶PRD Pamphlet S-1.2 PRDs for
30、Cargo & Portable Tanks (Tonners) PRD 手册S-1.2 货物和便携罐（吨级容器） PRD Pamphlet S-7 PRDs for mixtures (NOT mandatory) 手册S-7 混和物PRD（不强制）,CG-1- Rupture Disc CG-1 保险片,Gasket 垫片,PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES 泄压装置,RUPTURE DISCS 保险片 CG-1 10% overfill and CO2 过量充装10%和二氧化碳 Functions on pressure alone 单独针对压力 Cylinder test
31、pressure or less 钢瓶的测试压力或低一些 Completely vents cylinder 完全放空钢瓶 Subject to external corrosion 受外来腐蚀,CG2 & CG-3 - Fusible Plug CG2 & CG-3 易熔塞,Threaded Bore 螺纹孔,Stepped Bore 阶梯孔,Tapered Bore 锥形孔,PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES 泄压装置,FUSIBLE PLUGS 易熔塞 Low pressure liquefied gases- less than 500 psig 低压液化气体 低于500p
32、sig i.e. SO2, Cl2, H2S CG-2 165 F, CG-3 212 F Completely vents cylinder 完全排空钢瓶 Need to melt fusible metal for PRD to function PRD发挥作用前，易熔塞要先熔化 Can be slowly pushed out by high pressure alone 单受高压就可能被慢慢推出 Do not protect against overfill 不能保护过量充装 Leaks around threads, leaks around fusible metal 泄漏发生在易
33、熔金属、螺纹处 Customers heating cylinder to get product out faster or to “thaw valve” cause ERs 如果客户加热钢瓶，让气体更快排出，或“解冻阀门”，会造成紧急事故 Fusible metal should not be sticking out past the holder 易熔金属安装要到位,CG-4 & CG-5 FUSIBLE PLUG-BACKED RUPTURE DISCS 易熔塞加保险片,垫片,易熔金属,保险片,FUSIBLE PLUG-BACKED RUPTURE DISCS 易熔塞加保险片 CG
34、-4 165 F fusible metal w/ disc rated at cylinder test pressure or less CG-4 165 F 易熔金属（带保险片）设定为等于或小于钢瓶测试压力 CG-5 212 F fusible metal w/ disc rated at cylinder test pressure or less CG-5 212 F易熔金属（带保险片）设定为等于或小于钢瓶测试压力 Need a combination of pressure and heat (heat needs to be at the valve area) 需要压力和热量的
35、组合（热量要到达阀门区域） Remote heat may not melt the metal 远距离加热不能熔化金属 Fusible metal should not be sticking out past the PRD vent ports易熔金属安装要到位 Completely vents cylinder 完全排空钢瓶 Do Not Provide protection From Overfilling 不能保护过量充装,PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES 泄压装置,CG-4 & CG-5 Devices Do Not Protect Cylinders From O
36、verfill CG-4 & CG-5的装置不能提供过量充装保护,Carbon dioxide cylinder overfilled and failed due to build up of hydrostatic pressure. 二氧化碳过量充装，由于静压过压而破裂,CG-7 - Spring Loaded Relief Valve CG-7 - 弹簧泄放阀,PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES 泄压装置,PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES 泄压装置 Liquefied Petroleum Gases, i.e. propane, butane, propylen
37、e液化石油气，如丙烷、丁烷、丙烯 Cryogenic Liquid Cylinders (“Dewars”)深冷液体瓶）杜瓦灌 CG-7 500 psig or less 500psig或较低 Cylinder test pressure or less 钢瓶测试压力或较低 designed to vent some gas, then re-close设计为释放某些气体，然后再次关闭,ER Issues- PRDs 应急问题 泄压装置,NEVER tighten pressure relief devices in valves or cylinders while pressurized.
38、 当有压力时，绝不能堵死阀门或钢瓶内的压力泄放装置 Care should be taken when handling corroded PRDs. 处理腐蚀坏的PRD时要小心 Leaking PRDs may fail or function violently at any time. 泄漏的PRD可能失效或随时有剧烈反应 Pressure relief devices will not prevent rupture of the cylinder in all conditions of a fire. 任何失火情况下，泄压装置都不能完全阻止钢瓶破裂 If fire/heat is
39、localized, intense and remote from the PRD, the cylinder may weaken enough to rupture before the PRD functions. 如果火源/热源集中在某个远离PRD的局部区域，在PRD动作之前，钢瓶就可能本身强度变弱而破裂 If any obstruction, deformation, or extrusion of fusible metal is observed in a pressure relief device, be prepared for sudden rapid venting. 如果发现泄压装置内的易熔金属被阻塞、变形或突出，小心钢瓶突然泄放,
