1、2018/10/14,1,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,The sustainability challenge for local government the European experienceBob Evans Sustainable Cities Research Institute Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne,2018/10/14,2,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,Three themesThe nature of the sust
2、ainability challengeGoverning for local sustainable developmentInstitutional capacity for sustainable development,2018/10/14,3,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,Two questions.Why do we need to take sustainability seriously?How can sustainability be embedded into localgovernment decision-making?,
3、2018/10/14,4,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,Sustainable Development is not a thing its a way of doing thingsIts asking the question can we continue to do this indefinitely?Its asking the question what if?Its about taking our global responsibilities seriouslyBut its also about developing our r
4、esilience to cope with change,2018/10/14,5,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,Why do we need to take sustainability seriously?Because we are altruistic and responsibleWe care about global warming, our environmental footprint, unseen others and as yet unborn generationsBecause we are self-interest
5、edWe need to protect ourselves and our children,6,Western European societiesare major consumers of energy and naturalresourceswill inevitably have to reduce their consumption due to price increases, reductions in supply andchanges in the global distribution of power,7,Londons ecological footprintEqu
6、als 49 million global hectares (gha), which is293 times its geographical area (about twice thesize of the UK)This represents 6.63 global hectares per Londonresident. (If everyone on the planet had an equalshare of the earths bioproductive resources,we would each have 2.18 gha.) If this level of cons
7、umption were to be extendedworld-wide, we would require at least three planets,8,Environmental SpacePercentage reductions in consumption required in Europe to secure sustainable resource useEnergy use 50% Fossil fuels 75% CO2 emissions 77% Agricultural land 57% Wood 55% Aluminium 90% Cement 85% Chlo
8、rine 100%,2018/10/14,9,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,A quick look into the future.The problem of exponential growthEnergy security and resource useShifts in global prosperity and power,2018/10/14,10,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,Imagine a pond, with a lily in the middle,.which double
9、s its size each year.,and will take 30 years to fill the pond.,After 10 years, its hardly grown.,And in year 20, its not much larger,But, by the 29th year, it covers half the pond,And in the final year it covers the remaining half,2018/10/14,11,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,2018/10/14,12,Sus
10、tainable Cities Research Institute,2018/10/14,13,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,Shifts in global prosperity and powerCurrently there are about 1.5 billion people in theglobal economy65% of the human population has never made atelephone call. 1/3rd has no access to electricityAll indications a
11、re that this will change significantlyas a consequence of developments in China, Indiaand the Pacific rim,2018/10/14,14,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,China is on track to quadruple its economy by 2020If China is to drive cars at the same density as Germany, this will mean 650 million new veh
12、icles Beijing aims to encourage every citizen to eat 200 eggs per year. This = 260 billion eggs = 1.3 billion chickens = a grain crop equal to Australias annual productionIndia is predicted to replace China as the worlds most populous country by 2050,2018/10/14,15,Sustainable Cities Research Institu
13、te,Local government has a key role to play in delivering sustainable development butLocal government cannot achieve this aloneThe engagement of individuals and local organisations will be essential Local sustainable development is most likely tobe achieved when local governments and localcommunities
14、 work together,2018/10/14,16,Government or Governance?,Top down Government Bad,Bottom up Governance Good,The traditional/normative model: the government governance continuum,2018/10/14,17,Governing,Government,Governance,The DISCUS Model,From Governing Sustainable Cities by Evans, Joas, Sundbach & Th
15、eobald, Earthscan Press, 2004,2018/10/14,18,So governance is.part of the process of governing and it isthe sphere of public debate, partnership, interaction, dialogue and conflict entered intoby local citizens and organisations and by localgovernment,2018/10/14,19,Local government is the key to loca
16、l governanceEffective urban governance is nurtured by local governmentThe governance process can build institutionalcapitalThe governance process can build social capital,2018/10/14,20,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,One key task is to develop the institutional capacity of local government.Ins
17、titutional capacity may be defined as:the organisational, knowledge and leadership resources of local governments, the possession of which may be a motor for changeIf sustainable development is regarded as a way of doing things rather than an end in itself, the long term aim must be to embed the pri
18、nciples of sustainability into the day to day actions of local government and other public sector organisations,2018/10/14,21,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYAdministrative Capacity delivering policy and functionsGovernance Capacity managing relationships outsidePolitical
19、 Capacity - leadershipIntellectual Capacity knowledge, skills, information,2018/10/14,22,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,If local government is to deliver the sustainability agendathere is an urgent need to consider how best to develop institutional capacity at the local level andto invest in
20、this processmore advice and support to local government will be neededit will necessary to reappraise and reframe thecentral-local government relationship to permit greater levels of local autonomy, initiative and creativity,2018/10/14,23,Sustainable Cities Research Institute,Professor Bob Evans Sustainable Cities Research Institute Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UKbob2.evansnorthumbria.ac.ukwww.sustainable-cities.org.uk,
