1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 8518:2001 Workplace air Determination of particulate lead and lead compounds Flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method ICS 13.040.30 BS ISO 8518:2001 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on
2、 12 January 2005 BSI 12 January 2005 ISBN 0 580 45278 6 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 8518:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 6069-3.2:1991 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Commi
3、ttee EH/2, Air quality, to Subcommittee EH/2/2, Workplace atmospheres, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to
4、in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of
5、 a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or prop
6、osals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 30, an inside back c
7、over and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8518 Second edition 2001-12-15 Reference number ISO 8518:2001(E) OSI 2001 Workplace air Determi
8、nation of particulate lead and lead compounds Flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method Air des lieux de travail Dosage du plomb particulaire et des composs particulaires du plomb Mthode par spectromtrie dabsorption atomique dans la flamme ou mthode par spectromtrie dabsorption
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13、wtuoh permini noiss wrtif gnirmo ietI rehSO ta tserdda eheb slow or SIsO memreb ydob in toc ehtnury fo tr ehtseuqeer. ISO copyrithg fofiec tsop esaCael 65 G 1121-HCeneva 02 Te.l + 22 14 10 947 11 Fax + 14 47 2290 9 74 E-liam copyrightsio.ch Web wwwsi.oc.h Prni detni Sztiwerldna BSISO8518:2001ISO 158
14、1002:8)E( ISO 1002 All rithgreser svde iii Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Principle 5 5 Reactions 6 6 Requirement . 6 7 Reagents 6 8 Apparatus . 7 9 Occupational exposure assessment . 11 9.1 Assessment strategy . 11 9.2 Measurement strategy . 11 9.3
15、Selection of measurement conditions and measurement pattern . 11 10 Sampling . 12 10.1 Preliminary considerations 12 10.2 Preparation of sampling equipment . 13 10.3 Sampling position 14 10.4 Collection of samples 14 10.5 Transportation 14 11 Analysis 15 11.1 Cleaning of glassware and plasticware .
16、15 11.2 Preparation of sample and blank solutions 15 11.3 Instrumental analysis . 17 11.4 Estimation of the instrumental detection limit 20 11.5 Estimation of the method detection limit 20 11.6 Quality control 20 12 Expression of results 21 12.1 Calculation . 21 12.2 Method performance . 22 13 Speci
17、al cases . 23 14 Test report 23 Annexes A Guidance on filter selection. 25 B Temperature and pressure correction . 27 Bibliography. 29 BSISO8518:2001ISO :8158(1002)E iv ISO 1002 Ar llithgr seresvde Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of nationa
18、l standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internation
19、al organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules
20、 given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possi
21、bility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 8518 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Workpl
22、ace atmospheres. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8518:1990), which has been technically revised. Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only. BSISO8518:2001ISO 1581002:8)E( ISO 1002 All rithgreser svde v Introduction The health of workers i
23、n many industries, e.g. mining, metal refining, battery manufacture, construction, etc., is at risk through exposure by inhalation of particulate lead and lead compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control work
24、ers exposure, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This International Standard provides a method for making valid exposure measurements for lead. It will be of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health
25、 professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users and workers of metals and metalloids, etc. It has been assumed in the drafting of this International Standard that the execution of its provisions, and the interpretation of the results obtained, is entrusted to appropriately qualified and ex
26、perienced people. BSISO8518:2001blank 1002:8158OSISBANRETNIITOTS LANDNADRA ISO 1581002:8)E( ISO 1002 All rithgreser svde 1 Workplace air Determination of particulate lead and lead compounds Flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric method 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifi
27、es flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air. 1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as def
28、ined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling. 1.3 The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (11.2). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in
29、the test atmosphere that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described herein. 1.4 The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately toof lead per sample, without dilution 1. The electrothermal atomic absorption method is applicable to the de
30、termination of masses of approximately to of lead per sample, without dilution 1. 1.5 The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately to of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples 2. 1.6 The concentration range fo
31、r lead in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user (see 10.1). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standar
32、d. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated belo
33、w. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 648:1977, Laboratory glassware One-mark pipettes ISO 1042:1998, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric flasks ISO 3
34、585:1998, Borosilicate glass 3.3 Properties ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 7708:1995, Air quality Particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling ISO 8655-1, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part1: Terminology, general require
35、ments and user recommendations ISO 8655-2, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 2: Piston pipettes 1 g 200 g 0,01 g 0,5 g 20 g 100 g BSISO8518:2001ISO :8158(1002)E 2 ISO 1002 Ar llithgr seresvde ISO 8655-5, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus Part 5: Dispensers ISO 8655-6, Piston-operated volu
36、metric apparatus Part6: Gravimetric methods for the determination of measurement error ISO 15202-2:2001, Workplace air Determination of metals and metalloids in airborne particulate matter by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Part 2: Sample preparation EN 13205 1) , Workplace a
37、tmospheres Assessment of performance of instruments for measurement of airborne particle concentrations 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 General definitions 3.1.1 chemical agent any chemical element or compound, o
38、n its own or admixed as it occurs in the natural state or as produced, used or released, including release as waste, by any work activity, whether or not produced intentionally and whether or not placed on the market EN 1540 3.1.2 breathing zone space around a persons face from where he or she takes
39、 his or her breath NOTE For technical purposes, a more precise definition is as follows: hemisphere (generally accepted to be in radius) extending in front of the human face, centred on the midpoint of a line joining the ears; the base of the hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the h
40、ead and the larynx. This definition is not applicable when respiratory protective equipment is used. EN 1540 3.1.3 exposure by inhalation situation in which a chemical agent is present in air which is inhaled by a person 3.1.4 measuring procedure procedure for sampling and analysing one or more chem
41、ical agents in the air, including storage and transportation of the sample 3.1.5 operating time period during which a sampling pump can be operated at specified flowrate and back-pressure without recharging or replacing the battery EN 1232 3.1.6 time-weighted average concentration TWA concentration
42、concentration of a chemical agent in the atmosphere, averaged over the reference period 1) To be published. 0,3 m BSISO8518:2001ISO 1581002:8)E( ISO 1002 All rithgreser svde 3 NOTE A more detailed discussion of TWA concentrations and their use can be found in 3. 3.1.7 limit value reference figure fo
43、r concentration of a chemical agent in air EXAMPLE Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for a given substance in workplace air, as established by the ACGIH 3. 3.1.8 reference period specified period of time stated for the limit value of a specific chemical agent NOTE Examples of limit values for different re
44、ference periods are short-term and long-term exposure limits, such as those established by the ACGIH 3. 3.1.9 workplace defined area or areas in which work activities are carried out EN 1540 3.2 Particle size fraction definitions 3.2.1 inhalable convention target specification for sampling instrumen
45、ts when the inhalable fraction is of interest ISO 7708 3.2.2 inhalable fraction mass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth NOTE The inhalable fraction depends on the speed and direction of air movement, on breathing rate and other factors. ISO 7708 3.2.3 re
46、spirable convention target specification for sampling instruments when the respirable fraction is of interest ISO 7708 3.2.4 respirable fraction mass fraction of inhaled particles penetrating to the unciliated airways ISO 7708 3.2.5 total airborne particles all particles surrounded by air in a given
47、 volume of air NOTE Because all measuring instruments are size-selective to some extent, it is often impossible to measure the total concentration of airborne particles. ISO 7708 BSISO8518:2001ISO :8158(1002)E 4 ISO 1002 Ar llithgr seresvde 3.3 Sampling definitions 3.3.1 personal sampler device atta
48、ched to a person that samples air in the breathing zone EN 1540 3.3.2 personal sampling process of sampling carried out using a personal sampler EN 1540 3.3.3 sampling instrument sampler device for collecting airborne particles NOTE Instruments used to collect airborne particles are frequently refer
49、red to by a number of other terms, e.g. sampling heads, filter holders, filter cassettes, etc. 3.3.4 static sampling area sampling process of air sampling carried out in a particular location 3.3.5 static sampler area sampler device, not attached to a person, used in static sampling 3.4 Definitions used in analysis 3.4.1 sample dissolution process of obtaining a solution
