1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 9898:2000 Equipment for crop protection Test methods for air-assisted sprayers for bush and tree crops ICS 65.060.40 BS ISO 9898:2000 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 June 2003 BSI 9 June 2003 ISBN 0 5
2、80 41993 2 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 9898:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/15, Equipment for crop protection and application of liquid fertilizer, which has the r
3、esponsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “Internatio
4、nal Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British
5、 Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and E
6、uropean developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was las
7、t issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsReference number ISO 9898:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9898 First edition 2000-02-15 Equipment for crop protection Test methods for air-assisted sprayers for bush and tree crops Matriel de protection des cultures Mthodes dessa
8、i des pulvrisateurs jet port pour les arbustes et arbres fruitiers BSISO9898:2000ii BSISO9898:2000iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normall
9、y carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
10、work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical
11、 committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rig
12、hts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 9898 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 6, Equipment for crop protection. Annex A forms a normative part o
13、f this International Standard. BSISO9898:2000blankINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR ISO 8989:(0002)E 1 Equipment for crop protection Test methods for air-assisted sprayers for bush and tree crops 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the methods for measuring the characteristics of mounted, towed and s
14、elf- propelled air-assisted sprayers, including pneumatic sprayers, used for crop protection in bushes, vineyards and tree crops. This International Standard specifies testing methods to define sprayers performances in control conditions (laboratory) with respect to minimising the risk of environmen
15、tal contamination. 2 Normative reference The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However,
16、 parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative document indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC m
17、aintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 13441-1, Air-assisted agricultural sprayers Data sheets Part 1: Typical layout. 3 Test conditions 3.1 Sprayer settings Tests shall be done with the machine in working order (grids, nozzles, deflectors, etc.). 3.2 Sprayer set-up The de
18、flector positions, the shapes and the orientation of the air outlet, the nozzle orientation and the other device modifying the air or the liquid distribution should be described in the report. Schematic diagrams and photographs can be used to describe the sprayer set-up. 3.3 Sprayer environment Ther
19、e should be no obstacles within a distance of at least 5 m in the direction(s) of the outlet velocity. 3.4 PTO speed The test shall be done at least for the nominal PTO (power take-off) speed (540 5) r/min 1) . 1) (1000 10) r/min in the case of sprayers operating at 1000 r/min. BSISO9898:20001 BSISO
20、9898:200012 3.5 Sprayer gear box If the power transmission includes a device providing different speeds for the fan rotation, the tests should be done for all the gear box positions. The PTO speed and the different fan rotation speeds should be measured. 3.6 Fan with variable pitch blades For the sp
21、rayers fan equipped with variable pitch blades, the test should be done at least with the angle recommended by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the medium position or the nearest medium position of the adjustment range shall be adopted for the test. 3.7 Variable width fan outlet For the sprayer equipped
22、 with a variable outlet, the tests should be done at least with the width recommended by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the central position or the nearest central position of the adjustment range shall be adopted for the test. 3.8 Mounted sprayer equipped with an axial fan The height of the fan axis
23、should be mentioned in the report. 3.9 Test liquid Clean water free from solids in suspension. If any tracer or dye is used on the tests, it shall be reported. 3.10 Atmospheric conditions Temperature and humidity should be reported. 4 Measurement of the sprayer power consumption The total power cons
24、umption in working order (fan, pump, etc.) shall be measured, for example with a torquemeter. During the test the liquid flow from the nozzle shall be switched off. The measurement shall be made with the maximum pressure recommended by the manufacturer. 5 Measurement of the flow rate 5.1 Reference m
25、ethod A measuring chamber connected to two measuring tubes shall be used as a general method to measure the air flow rate at the inlet or at the outlet of the single or multiple fans of the sprayer. For the basic set-up of the chamber test stand, see Figure 1. For the possible connections between th
26、e measuring chamber and the different types of air-assisted sprayers, see Figure 2. BSISO9898:20002 BSISO9898:200023 Key 1-4 Measuring tube 1 Calibrated air intake 2 Flow straightener 3 Auxiliary fan 4 Connecting piece 5 Measuring chamber 6 Air-assisted sprayer Figure 1 Basic set-up of the chamber t
27、est stand The chamber test stand shall have the following specifications. Its main parts are a tight chamber and, connected to it, two measuring tubes (measuring range of tube 1 with 900 mm diameter is 20 000 m 3 /h to 110 000 m 3 /h and for tube 2 with 450 mm diameter it is 2 000 m 3 /h to 20 000 m
28、 3 /h). The dimensions of the chamber are: width = 4,6 m, length = 6,15 m and height = 3,7 m. One wall of the chamber is made from removable stays and metal plates and allows the sprayer to be connected with the chamber. The fan of the sprayer sucks the air volume out of the chamber and the same amo
29、unt of air volume is blown into the chamber with the auxiliary fan of one of the measuring tubes. To make sure that the fan operates under the same conditions as outside in the field, its speed shall be controlled and the air flow rate of the auxiliary fan shall be adjusted to the flow rate of the t
30、ested fan. This shall be verified by the static pressure difference P s = 0 between measuring chamber and the ambient atmosphere. The pressure P AI in the calibrated air intakes of the measuring tubes represents the air flow rate. The formulae to calculate the air flow rate from the pressure P AI ar
31、e: for tube 1: q P V AI 3 203,20 for tube 2: q P V AI 88,288 3 where q V is the flow rate, expressed in cubic metres per hour; P AI is the pressure in the calibrated air intakes of the measuring tubes, expressed in pascals; is the air density, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre. BSISO9898:20003
32、BSISO9898:200034 a) Set-up for a one way sucking air-assisted sprayer in the measuring chamber b) Set-up to measure the half side air flow rate of an air-assisted sprayer c) Set-up for a two way sucking air-assisted sprayer in the measuring chamber Key 1 Measuring chamber 2 Sprayer 3 Measuring tube
33、Figure 2 Possible connections between the measuring chamber and the different types of air-assisted sprayers BSISO9898:20004 BSISO9898:200045 5.2 Other methods 5.2.1 General The air flow rate of air-assisted sprayers also can be measured at the intake or outlet side of the fan with different instrum
34、ents for measuring the air velocity. Instruments could be Prandtl tubes, hot wire, small propeller anemometers or laser anemometer. An ultrasonic anemometer could be used to measure the air flow rate at the outlet of the air-assisted sprayers, but not at the intake. In order to provide representativ
35、e measurements of the air velocity in the cross section area, a minimum number of measuring points shall be taken (see 5.2.2 and 5.2.3). The flow rate shall be calculated by multiplying the air speed in the 90 cross section area by the cross section area of the wind flow. Obstacles like deflectors,
36、nozzles or structural components of the fan, shall be accounted for when the total cross area of the fan is calculated. For hot wire, small propeller anemometers and laser anemometers, ensure that their measurements agree with Prandtl tube measurements. The number of measuring points to be taken in
37、the cross section area shall be the same as established for Prandtl tube measurements. For each measurement point, a mean of air velocities for a minimum period of 10 s with a minimum of 100 data samples will be taken. The higher dimension (length or diameter) of the head including the sensing devic
38、e to be introduced into the air stream shall be less than 25 mm. The measuring error shall be less than 5 %. With Prandtl tubes for each measuring point, air speed shall be calculated by means of the following expression: 2 P where is the air velocity, expressed in metres per second; P is the differ
39、ential pressure measured by means of the Prandtl tube, expressed in pascals; is the air density, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre. To calculate the air density, the atmospheric pressure and the air temperature shall be measured. For the calculation, use the following expression: 0 348 ,/ pT wh
40、ere is the air density, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre; p is the atmospheric pressure, expressed in millibar; T is the air temperature, expressed in kelvins. 5.2.2 Measurement of air flow rate on the suction side of a fan The measurement should be done in a pipe connected to the suction side
41、 of the fan. In order not to influence the suction of the fan, the diameter of the pipe should be 1,5 times of the suction diameter of the fan. The length of the pipe should be at least 2 m. The measurement of the air velocity should be done with Prandtl Tubes in a cross section of the pipe, of the
42、pipe length away from the suction opening of the fan (see Figure 3). BSISO9898:20005 BSISO9898:200056 D f suction diameter of fan D p diameter of the pipe connected to the fan L p length of the pipe connected to the fan Key 1 Air-assisted sprayer 2F a n 3P i p e 4 Cross-section for measurement Figur
43、e 3 Measurement of air flow rate on the suction side of a fan The measuring points in the cross section should be positioned on centroidal circles of five circular rings with uniform surface areas. There should be at least three measuring points (every 120) on each centroidal circle (see Figure 4).
44、Circular rings are defined by the following formulas: R i Ri n /1 ( / ) Y i R i n /11 21 2 where Y i are the distances between the pipe side and the measuring points; R i are the radii of the circles; n is the total number of circular rings; i is the special number of circular ring. BSISO9898:20006
45、BSISO9898:200067 Key measuring points - con centr iccir cle s Figure 4 Cross-section for measuring, position of measuring points For different pipe diameters, divided into 5 circular rings (n = 5), the distances Y 1 to Y 5 between the pipe side and the measuring points on centroidal circles are calc
46、ulated and shown in Table 1. Table 1 Distances between the pipe side and measuring points for different pipe diameters Dimensions in millimetres Pipe diameter Distances between the pipe side and measuring points Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 100 3 8 15 23 34 2 0 051 62 94 56 8 300 8 25 44 68 103 400 10 33 59
47、90 137 500 13 41 73 113 171 600 15 49 88 136 205 700 18 57 103 158 239 800 21 65 117 181 274 900 23 74 132 204 308 1000 26 82 146 226 342 1100 28 90 161 249 376 1200 31 98 176 271 410 1300 33 106 190 294 444 1400 36 114 205 317 479 1500 38 123 220 339 513 This method can also be used for measurement
48、s on the pressure side if there are circular shaped outlets. BSISO9898:20007 BSISO9898:200078 5.2.3 Measurement of air flow rate on the outlet side of a fan For rectangular areas a rectangular grid of measuring points is recommended and the minimum number of measuring points shall be taken according
49、 to Table 2. Table 2 Definition of measuring points Dimension of cross- section cm 2 Type or shape of air outlet (inlet) Maximum area covered by each point cm 2 /point Minimum number of measurement points Point area/ total outlet area0,05 100 to 500 Secondary outlets on axial fan (ISO 13441-1 - 502.1) Rectangular outlets on cross-flow fan (ISO 13441-1 - 502.5) 10 10 to 50
