1、Smart city concept model Guidance for establishing a model for data interoperability BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Smart city concept model Guidance for establishing a model for data interoperability Modle de concept de ville
2、intelligente Lignes directrices pour tablir un modle dinteroprabilit des donnes INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 30182 Reference number ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) First edition 2017-05 ISO/IEC 2017 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 30182:2017. The UK participation
3、in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ICT/-/1, Information systems co-ordination. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are re
4、sponsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 0 580 93424 7 ICS 35.240.99 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the
5、Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017Smart city concept model Guidance for establishing a model for data interoperability Modle de concept de ville intelligente Lignes directri
6、ces pour tablir un modle dinteroprabilit des donnes INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 30182 Reference number ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) First edition 2017-05 ISO/IEC 2017 BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017 ii ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights
7、reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from eithe
8、r ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017 ii ISO/IEC 2017 All
9、 rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the i
10、nternet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09
11、 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. Natio
12、nal bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest.
13、 Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those inte
14、nded for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (se
15、e www.iso.org/directives) . Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of
16、 the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see w ww.iso.org/patents ). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of S
17、tandards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. ISO/IEC 30182 was
18、prepared by the British Standards Institution (BSI) (as BSI PAS 182:2014) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval by the national bodies of ISO and IEC. BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017ISO/IEC 301
19、82:2017(E) iv ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved Contents 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction vi Scope 1 Terms and definitions 1 Using the SCCM 3 Concept, relationship and the SCCM 5 Mapping a dataset to the SCCM 8 Views illustrating how concepts are typically related 11 Definition of each concept and relati
20、onship in the SCCM 21 Annexes Annex A (informative) Examples of use of the SCCM 48 Annex B (informative) Relationships in the SCCM 51 Bibliography 54 List of figures Figure 1 Smart city levels of insight vii Figure 2 Example of a directed graph 6 Figure 3 Example of a directed graph for a concept 6
21、Figure 4 Example of sub-concepts 7 Figure 5 Example of a group concept 7 Figure 6 Example of a dataset listing reported faults to lamp posts 8 Figure 7 Items view 12 Figure 8 Collections view 13 Figure 9 Events view 14 Figure 10 Objectives view 15 Figure 11 Observing and responding view 16 Figure 12
22、 Services view 17 Figure 13 Cases view 19 Figure 14 Plans view 20 Figure 15 Resources and decisions view 21 Figure 16 ABSTRACT relationships 22 Figure 17 ACCOUNT relationships 23 Figure 18 AGENT relationships 24 Figure 19 AGREEMENT relationships 25 Figure 20 ASSUMPTION relationships 26 Figure 21 BUI
23、LDING relationships 27 Figure 22 CASE relationships 28 Figure 23 COLLECTION relationships 29 Figure 24 COMMUNITY relationships 30 Figure 25 DECISION relationships 31 Figure 26 EVENT relationships 32 Figure 27 FUNCTION relationships 33 Figure 28 ITEM relationships 34 Figure 29 METHOD relationships 35
24、 Figure 30 METRIC relationships 36 Figure 31 OBJECT relationships 37 Figure 32 OBJECTIVE relationships 38 Figure 33 OBSERVATION relationships 39 BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) iv ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved Contents 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction vi Scope 1 Terms and definitions 1 Usi
25、ng the SCCM 3 Concept, relationship and the SCCM 5 Mapping a dataset to the SCCM 8 Views illustrating how concepts are typically related 11 Definition of each concept and relationship in the SCCM 21 Annexes Annex A (informative) Examples of use of the SCCM 48 Annex B (informative) Relationships in t
26、he SCCM 51 Bibliography 54 List of figures Figure 1 Smart city levels of insight vii Figure 2 Example of a directed graph 6 Figure 3 Example of a directed graph for a concept 6 Figure 4 Example of sub-concepts 7 Figure 5 Example of a group concept 7 Figure 6 Example of a dataset listing reported fau
27、lts to lamp posts 8 Figure 7 Items view 12 Figure 8 Collections view 13 Figure 9 Events view 14 Figure 10 Objectives view 15 Figure 11 Observing and responding view 16 Figure 12 Services view 17 Figure 13 Cases view 19 Figure 14 Plans view 20 Figure 15 Resources and decisions view 21 Figure 16 ABSTR
28、ACT relationships 22 Figure 17 ACCOUNT relationships 23 Figure 18 AGENT relationships 24 Figure 19 AGREEMENT relationships 25 Figure 20 ASSUMPTION relationships 26 Figure 21 BUILDING relationships 27 Figure 22 CASE relationships 28 Figure 23 COLLECTION relationships 29 Figure 24 COMMUNITY relationsh
29、ips 30 Figure 25 DECISION relationships 31 Figure 26 EVENT relationships 32 Figure 27 FUNCTION relationships 33 Figure 28 ITEM relationships 34 Figure 29 METHOD relationships 35 Figure 30 METRIC relationships 36 Figure 31 OBJECT relationships 37 Figure 32 OBJECTIVE relationships 38 Figure 33 OBSERVA
30、TION relationships 39 ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved v Figure 34 ORGANIZATION relationships 40 Figure 35 PERSON relationships 40 Figure 36 PLACE relationships 41 Figure 37 PLAN relationships 42 Figure 38 RESOURCE relationships 43 Figure 39 RULE relationships 44 Figure 40 SERV
31、ICE relationships 45 Figure 41 STATE relationships 46 Figure 42 TARGET relationships 47 Figure A.1 UK rail stations data mapped to the SCCM 48 Figure A.2 Planning application data mapped to the SCCM 49 List of tables Table 1 Relevance of BSI PAS 181 guidance notes to this International Standard 4 Ta
32、ble 2 Other barriers to interoperability 5 Table 3 Alphabetical list of prime concepts 10 Table 4 Alphabetical list of group concepts 11 Table A.1 Mapping the health informatics concept model to the SCCM 50 Table B.1 List of relationships in the SCCM 51 BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) vi
33、ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved 0-Introduction 0.1 General A defining feature of smart cities is the ability of the component systems to interoperate. This International Standard defines a concept model, and gives guidance to decision-makers on applying it to promote interoperability for data creat
34、ed, used, and maintained by a city across all sectors, on behalf of, and in collaboration with, its citizens. Data is a resource that can transform the capability of a city, enabling the development of systems and services, and supporting informed decisions. However, decision-makers and citizens are
35、 unlikely to have the necessary expertise and are likely to rely on data specialists to deliver benefits from data to meet the objectives for their city. Data is often labelled using language and terms from the sector that initially collected it for the provision of a service. For example, the healt
36、h sector might refer to a patient and a care plan, social services might refer to a client, the education sector might refer to a pupil and a curriculum, and the transport sector might refer to a passenger and a travel plan. Each sector has its own models and terminologies that enable data to be dis
37、covered and understood within that sector, but form a barrier to interoperability with other sectors. The smart city concept model (SCCM) outlined in this International Standard addresses this lack of interoperability by defining an overarching framework of concepts and relationships that can be use
38、d to describe data from any sector. See Annex A for an example where terms from the health informatics concept model have been mapped to the SCCM. Mapping terms from many sectors to the SCCM provides a basis for discovering and sharing data about the same thing, from many sources. Sharing data acros
39、s a city requires more than the interoperability covered by the SCCM. For example, ensuring compliance, privacy, security, integrity, availability, and quality of data also needs to be considered by decision-makers. For example, data protection legislation and its provisions for usage of personal da
40、ta is likely to impact some of the structural relationships between data from different systems that such sharing would introduce. Although these concerns are beyond the scope of this International Standard, which focuses on the semantics of data, the bibliography provides a list of good practice ma
41、terials that address these wider considerations. BSI PAS 181 provides guidance on the governance of a smart city programme and the management of data assets within it, and this International Standard is a tool to help with the implementation of this. It is critical that decision-makers are involved
42、in the development of a data ecosystem to support the development of the city. In the current landscape datasets are typically created by an organization for one particular purpose, and the potential for secondary use is not unlocked. This International Standard is intended to facilitate discussions
43、 between decision-makers from each sector and the specialists who build and design the systems and services that enable the city to function. The components of the SCCM could form the basis of these discussions, by aligning ontologies to discover where data from different sectors is about the same t
44、hing or is related in a useful way. Use of the SCCM over time could increase the data literacy of non-specialists, allowing further value in city data to be unlocked, and reused, either in its original form, or as derived insight. Each city is likely to take its own approach to organizing its data,
45、reflecting the priorities and needs of the city, and the agencies and people participating. A citywide data ecosystem based on the SCCM, combining data from many sources, for the benefit of both the city and the citizen could BS ISO/IEC 30182:2017ISO/IEC 30182:2017(E) vi ISO/IEC 2017 All rights rese
46、rved 0-Introduction 0.1 General A defining feature of smart cities is the ability of the component systems to interoperate. This International Standard defines a concept model, and gives guidance to decision-makers on applying it to promote interoperability for data created, used, and maintained by
47、a city across all sectors, on behalf of, and in collaboration with, its citizens. Data is a resource that can transform the capability of a city, enabling the development of systems and services, and supporting informed decisions. However, decision-makers and citizens are unlikely to have the necess
48、ary expertise and are likely to rely on data specialists to deliver benefits from data to meet the objectives for their city. Data is often labelled using language and terms from the sector that initially collected it for the provision of a service. For example, the health sector might refer to a pa
49、tient and a care plan, social services might refer to a client, the education sector might refer to a pupil and a curriculum, and the transport sector might refer to a passenger and a travel plan. Each sector has its own models and terminologies that enable data to be discovered and understood within that sector, but form a barrier to interoperability with
