1、Guidance for the implementation of environmental aspects in product standards and system standards in the field of wastewater engineering PD CEN/TR 16928:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK impleme
2、ntation of CEN/TR 16928:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/505, Wastewater engineering, to Subcommittee B/505/1, General Requirements For Pipes And Fittings. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secr
3、etary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 90467 7 ICS 13.060.30 Compliance with a British Standard c
4、annot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 16928:2016 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT T
5、ECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16928 June 2016 ICS 13.060.30 English Version Guidance for the implementation of environmental aspects in product standards and system standards in the field of wastewater engineering Lignes directrices pour la mise en oeuvre des aspects environnementaux dans les
6、normes produits et les normes systmes du domaine de lassainissement Anleitung zur Umsetzung von Umweltaspekten in Produkt- und Systemnormen im Bereich Abwassertechnik This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 December 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 165. CEN member
7、s are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal
8、, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form
9、and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16928:2016 E PD CEN/TR 16928:2016CEN/TR 16928:2016 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 General guidance . 4 4.1 Provisions dealing with the introduction of
10、 environmental aspects into European Standards . 4 4.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 5 4.3 Assessment of environmental impacts in standards . 6 5 Overview of environmental aspects in wastewater standards 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 Inputs . 7 5.2.1 General 7 5.2.2 Materials . 7 5.2.3 Water . 8 5.2.4 Energy 8
11、5.2.5 Land 8 5.3 Outputs 8 5.3.1 General 8 5.3.2 Emissions to air 8 5.3.3 Discharges to water 8 5.3.4 Discharges to soil 9 5.3.5 Waste . 9 5.3.6 Intermediate and co-products 9 5.3.7 Other releases 9 5.4 Other relevant issues . 9 5.4.1 Energy savings 9 5.4.2 Recycling 9 5.4.3 Construction and operati
12、onal stages 10 5.5 Trenchless applications . 10 5.5.1 General . 10 5.5.2 Environmental advantages . 10 Annex A (informative) Stage of Life Assessment (LCA) . 11 Annex B (informative) Environmental checklist . 12 Bibliography . 15 PD CEN/TR 16928:2016CEN/TR 16928:2016 3 European foreword This documen
13、t (CEN/TR 16928:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165 “Wastewater Engineering”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for ide
14、ntifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 16928:2016CEN/TR 16928:2016 4 1 Scope This document applies for the implementation of environmental aspects in product standards and system standards in the field of wastewater engineering. It provides a structure on how to identify and consider envi
15、ronmental aspects and potential environmental impacts of products and systems in the field of wastewater engineering throughout their life cycle. NOTE Standards that are produced make environmental declarations voluntary where there are no national regulations. This is carried out by including for “
16、No Performance Declared”. This Technical Report gives guidance on how this life cycle should be considered in accordance with EN 15804. The stages of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in t
17、his document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15804, Sustainability of construction works Environmental product declarations Co
18、re rules for the product category of construction products CEN Guide 4:2008, Guide for addressing environmental issues in product standards 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN Guide 4:2008 and the following apply. 3.1 life cycle consecuti
19、ve and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation of natural resources to final disposal Note 1 to entry: The term “product system” is defined and further explained in ISO 14040. SOURCE: ISO 14050:2009, definition 7.1 4 General guidance 4.1 Provisions dealing
20、 with the introduction of environmental aspects into European Standards European Standards concerning products and systems in the field of wastewater engineering currently exist without any direct reference for the user to environmental awareness and the possible environmental aspects and potential
21、impacts. This does not necessarily lead to products and systems in the field of wastewater engineering which are less environmentally friendly, because the user has other incentives when considering environmental aspects, such as installation considerations, legal requirements etc. However, the incl
22、usion of environmental provisions encourages the consideration of environmental aspects in cases where such incentives do not exist. In many cases, it is sufficient to include the necessary provisions when revising European Standards dealing with products and systems in the field of wastewater engin
23、eering by the inclusion of a new PD CEN/TR 16928:2016CEN/TR 16928:2016 5 Clause or Subclause where the relevant environmental aspects are formulated or by reference to this Technical Report. In standardization, environmental impacts should be considered together with other factors, such as: a) local
24、 circumstances (see EN 752); b) system objectives, functional requirements and performance indicators (see EN 752); c) system design and installation; d) product characteristics and production processes; e) operation and maintenance; f) total cost of ownership/life cycle costing; g) quality; h) lega
25、l constraints and regulatory requirements. In order to determine how the product environmental aspects should be identified in wastewater standards, it is necessary to understand how the product interacts with the system and the environment during its life cycle. Environmental aspects are connected
26、to impacts through a cause and effect relationship. Examples of environmental aspects to consider include: emissions to air; discharges to water and soil; use of raw materials; energy and water consumption; land use. Examples of environmental impacts that can be positively or negatively influenced b
27、y provisions in standards can include: climate change (through the emission of greenhouse gases); air pollution (through uncontrolled/untreated or accidental emissions of particulates and toxic gases to air); and depletion of non-renewable resources (consumption of fossil fuels, minerals). NOTE Addi
28、tional examples are given in EN 15804. All environmental aspects outlined in this Clause also apply to services. As a result of this consideration, substantial energy and CO 2reduction and resource optimization can be possible without compromising the fitness for purpose and longevity of the pipe sy
29、stems. 4.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Any inclusion of environmental aspects into product and system standards should consider the life cycle of the product or system. As such, all stages of the life cycle of the relevant product or system should be considered, including: a) acquisition stage: PD C
30、EN/TR 16928:2016CEN/TR 16928:2016 6 1) raw materials and energy; 2) premanufactured materials and components; b) product stage: 1) production from raw material; 2) transport; 3) manufacturing of final products; c) construction and installation process stage: 1) transport of the products and laying t
31、o build a system; d) use stage: 1) collection and transportation of wastewater; 2) operation and maintenance of the system; e) end-of-life (including recycling). Guidance on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is given in e.g. EN 15804, EN 15978 and EN ISO 14044, with special regard to recycling issues (see
32、 also Annex A). European Standards should specify requirements for re-use. 4.3 Assessment of environmental impacts in standards For the design of products and systems in the field of wastewater engineering, e.g. EN 752, EN 12056 (all parts), EN 12255 (all parts), EN 12566 (all parts) and the guidanc
33、e given in ISO/TR 14062 should be considered. In accordance with CEN Guide 4, additional environmental aspects, specific for the relevant design and product life cycle, should be identified by the applicable screening procedures as defined in EN 15804. Assessment of the environmental impacts should
34、be in accordance with construction product standards. An environmental checklist should be completed, updated as appropriate and attached to draft standards during all stages of the development of a standard. The matrix provided in Table B.1, is particularly suitable to standards. In some cases, e.g
35、. for services, or to accommodate regional or sector specific issues, other tools or another form of checklist can be more appropriate. For example, the life cycle stages can be modified to better reflect the typical steps of providing services. In other cases, where one product is described by a wh
36、ole series of standards covering the whole life cycle, it can be more appropriate to complete the checklist not for each single standard, but for the whole series. The purpose of the environmental checklist is to explain whether the proposal covers relevant product environmental aspects and, if so,
37、how they are dealt with in the European Standard. The European Standard is published without the environmental checklist. PD CEN/TR 16928:2016CEN/TR 16928:2016 7 5 Overview of environmental aspects in wastewater standards 5.1 General Environmental aspects should be considered for cases where require
38、ments are specified for systems and products and in the field of wastewater engineering. These aspects can be addressed in the standards for: systems for drains and sewers outside buildings; systems for drains and sewers inside buildings; wastewater treatment plants ( 50 PT); reuse of water. For the
39、 most part, the main potential environmental impacts of products and systems are related to the energy consumption and the associated emissions in the operating stage. The energy consumption of a system depends e.g. on its head losses for pressure pipes, leakages, energy need of pumping systems. Inc
40、reasing the lifetime of the products reduces the environmental impacts, because more frequent rehabilitation (repair /renovation/replacement) means additional extraction of energy resources, emissions and waste. Trenchless applications can reduce environmental impact of installation. Other examples
41、of beneficial environmental aspects are: a) the avoidance of unnecessary material should be a general requirement for the design of the products; b) reduction in traffic resulting in avoidance of traffic jams and delays and reduction in CO 2emissions; c) high mechanical performance, i.e. the robustn
42、ess of products and systems allow energy saving from the reduced mechanisation required during installation. Similarly, the need for imported material for bed and surround is avoided/minimised, with the subsequent savings associated with the unnecessary use of natural resources and transportation co
43、sts; d) recovery of energy. e) Environmental impacts are related to the inputs that are used and consumed, the processes employed and the outputs that are generated at all stages of the life cycle including options for the dismantling, decommissioning or demolition of wastewater systems. 5.2 Inputs
44、5.2.1 General Inputs include the use of resources that can be natural materials (e.g. minerals, water, gas, oil, coal, wood), those from the industrial environment (e.g. recycled materials, co-products, intermediate products, energy), or from land use. For practical reasons, these different resource
45、s can be broadly categorized into “materials”, “water”, “energy” and “land use”. 5.2.2 Materials Material inputs play an important role in all stages of the life cycle, from raw material extraction to final disposal. They can produce a variety of environmental impacts. These impacts can include depl
46、etion of resources, detrimental land use, and environmental or human exposure to hazardous materials. PD CEN/TR 16928:2016CEN/TR 16928:2016 8 Material inputs also contribute to the generation of waste, emissions to air and discharges to soil and water. European (e.g. REACH) and national regulations
47、shall be taken into account. 5.2.3 Water The scarcity of water, especially of fresh water from surface or underground sources, is critical in many regions. The efficient use and re-use of water in the different stages of the life cycle needs to be considered, where pertinent. In addition, the availa
48、bility of water where it is needed requires the use of energy to transport it. The preservation of natural habitats and biodiversity is also important in lakes and rivers. Water pollution can destroy the natural water flora and fauna. NOTE Nitrate and phosphorus pollution (e.g. because of over-ferti
49、lization in landlocked countries) can produce eutrophication in water bodies, which endangers organisms in the affected area. 5.2.4 Energy Energy inputs are required at most stages of the life cycle. Energy sources typically include fossil fuels, nuclear fuels, recovered waste, and hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass, solar and wind energy. Each energy source has its own set of environmental impacts. 5.2.5 Land Taking land into use can lead to a decrease in biodiversity and can affect the soil quality, which takes a long time to rebuild itself. Even
