1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance Part 5: Intrinsic characteristics In situ values of sound reflection under direct sound field condi
2、tionsPD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16272-5:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track. A list of organizations represented on this comm
3、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 76214 7 ICS 93
4、.100 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014TECHNICAL SPECIF
5、ICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16272-5 April 2014 ICS 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Track - Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation - Test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 5: Intrinsic characteristi
6、cs - In situ values of sound reflection under direct sound field conditions Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Dispositifs de rduction du bruit - Mthode dessai pour la dtermination des performances acoustiques - Partie 5: Valeurs in situ de la rflexion acoustique dans des conditions de champ acousti
7、que direct Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Lrmschutzwnde und verwandte Vorrichtungen zur Beeinflussung der Luftschallausbreitung - Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung der akustischen Eigenschaften - Teil 5: Produktspezifische Merkmale - In-situ-Werte zur Schallreflexion in gerichteten Schallfeldern This Technic
8、al Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 26 February 2013 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can
9、 be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to
10、 the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Gr
11、eece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUN
12、G CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 EPD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 2 Contents Foreword 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope
13、 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 10 5 Sound reflection index measurements . 11 5.1 General principle 11 5.2 Measured quantity . 11 5.3 Test arrangement . 12 5.4 Measuring equipment 16 5.4.1 Components of the measuring system . 16 5.4.2 Sound source
14、. 17 5.4.3 Test signal 17 5.5 Data processing . 18 5.5.1 Calibration 18 5.5.2 Sample rate . 18 5.5.3 Background noise 18 5.5.4 Signal subtraction technique . 18 5.5.5 Adrienne temporal window . 19 5.5.6 Placement of the Adrienne temporal window . 21 5.5.7 Low frequency limit and sample size 21 5.6 P
15、ositioning of the measuring equipment 22 5.6.1 Maximum sampled area 22 5.6.2 Selection of the measurement positions 23 5.6.3 Reflecting objects 27 5.6.4 Safety considerations . 27 5.7 Sample surface and meteorological conditions . 27 5.7.1 Condition of the sample surface 27 5.7.2 Wind 27 5.7.3 Air t
16、emperature 28 5.8 Measurement uncertainty . 28 5.9 Measuring procedure 28 5.10 Test report 29 Annex A (informative) Measurement uncertainty . 30 A.1 General 30 A.2 Expression for the calculation of sound reflection index . 30 A.3 Contributions to measurement uncertainty 31 A.4 Expanded uncertainty o
17、f measurement 31 A.5 Measurement uncertainty based upon reproducibility data . 32 Annex B (informative) Template of test report on sound reflection of railway noise barriers 33 B.1 Template of test report 33 B.2 Test setup (example) . 34 PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 3 B.3 Test obje
18、ct and test situation (example) . 35 B.4 Results (example) 37 B.4.1 Part 1 Results in tabular form . 37 B.4.2 Part 2 Results in graphic form 38 Bibliography 39 PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16272-5:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/T
19、C 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This Technical
20、Specification is one of the series EN 16272 “Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance” as listed below: Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics Sound absorption in the laboratory under diffuse so
21、und field conditions Part 2: Intrinsic characteristics Airborne sound insulation in the laboratory under diffuse sound field conditions Part 3-1: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for diffuse field applications Part 3-2: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number r
22、atings for direct field applications Part 4: Intrinsic characteristics In situ values of sound diffraction under direct sound field conditions Part 5: Intrinsic characteristics In situ values of sound reflection under direct sound field conditions Part 6: Intrinsic characteristics In situ values of
23、airborne sound insulation under direct sound field conditions Part 7: Extrinsic characteristics In situ values of insertion loss It should be read in conjunction with: EN 16272-1, Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for deter
24、mining the acoustic performance Part 1: Intrinsic characteristics Sound absorption in the laboratory under diffuse sound field conditions EN 16272-3-1, Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performa
25、nce Part 3-1: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for diffuse field applications EN 16272-3-2, Railway applications Track Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance Part 3-2: Normalized railway
26、noise spectrum and single number ratings for direct field applications According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D
27、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 1
28、6272-5:2014 CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 5 Introduction This Technical Specification describes a test method for determining the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise barriers and claddings designed for railways in non-reverberant conditions (a measure of intrinsic performance). It can b
29、e applied in situ, i.e. where the noise barriers are installed. The method can be applied without damaging the surface. The method can be used to qualify products to be installed along railways as well as to verify the compliance of installed noise barriers to design specifications. Regular applicat
30、ion of the method can be used to verify the long term performance of noise barriers. The method requires the average of results of measurements taken in different points in front of the device under test and/or for specific angles of incidences. The method is able to investigate flat and non-flat pr
31、oducts. The measurements results of this method for sound reflection are not directly comparable with the results of the laboratory method (EN 16272-1), mainly because the present method uses a directional sound field, while the laboratory method assumes a diffuse sound field. The test method descri
32、bed in the present document should not be used to determine the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g. claddings inside tunnels or deep trenches. For the purpose of this Technical Specification reverberant conditions ar
33、e defined based on the envelope, e, across the rail formed by the barriers, trench sides or buildings (the envelope does not include the railway surface) as shown by the dashed lines in Figure 1. Conditions are defined as being reverberant when the percentage of open space in the envelope is less th
34、an or equal to 25 %, i.e.: Reverberant conditions occur when w/e 0,25, where e = (w + h 1+ h 2 ) This criterion is applied also to the open space between the train body and the barrier surface. (a) Partial cover on both sides of the railway; envelope, e = w + h 1+ h 2(b) Partial cover on one side of
35、 the railway; e = w + h 1(c) Deep trench envelope, e = w + h 1+ h 2(d) Tall barriers or buildings; envelope, e = w + h 1+ h 2PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 6 (e) Train passing close to a noise barrier envelope, e = w + h 1+ h 2(f) Train passing close to a platform at the station, e =
36、 w + h 1+ h 2Key TOR top of rail w width of open space Figure 1 (not to scale) Sketch of the reverberant condition check in six cases. This method introduces a specific quantity, called reflection index, to define the sound reflection in front of a noise barrier or cladding, while the laboratory met
37、hod gives a sound absorption coefficient. Laboratory values of the sound absorption coefficient can be converted to conventional values of a reflection coefficient taking the complement to one. In this case, research studies suggest that a quite good correlation exists between laboratory data, measu
38、red according to EN 16272-1 and field data, measured according to the method described in the present document. This method may be used to qualify noise reducing devices for other applications, e.g. to be installed along roads or nearby industrial sites. In this case the single-number ratings should
39、 be calculated using an appropriate spectrum. PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes a test method for measuring a quantity representative of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection from railway noise barriers: the reflection index.
40、The test method is intended for the following applications: determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise barriers to be installed along railways, to be measured either on typical installations alongside railways or on a relevant sample section; determination of the in
41、situ intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise barriers and claddings in actual use; comparison of design specifications with actual performance data after the completion of the construction work; verification of the long term performance of noise barriers and claddings (with a repeated
42、 application of the method). The test method is not intended for the following applications: determination of the intrinsic characteristics of sound reflection of noise reducing devices to be installed in reverberant conditions, e.g. inside tunnels or deep trenches. Results are expressed as a functi
43、on of frequency, in one-third octave bands between 100 Hz and 5 kHz. If it is not possible to get valid measurements results over the whole frequency range indicated, the results should be given in a restricted frequency range and the reasons of the restriction(s) should be clearly reported. All noi
44、se reducing devices different from noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation, e.g. devices for attenuation of ground borne vibration and on board devices are out of the scope of this Technical Specification. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in
45、 part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 16272-3-2:2012, Railway applications Trac
46、k Noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation Test method for determining the acoustic performance Part 3-2: Normalized railway noise spectrum and single number ratings for direct field applications EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications (I
47、EC 61672-1) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document the following definitions apply. 3.1 acoustic element element whose primary function is to provide the acoustic
48、 performance of the device PD CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 CEN/TS 16272-5:2014 (E) 8 3.2 Adrienne temporal window the composite temporal window described in 5.5.5 3.3 background noise noise coming from sources other than the source emitting the test signal 3.4 cladding noise reducing device, which is attache
49、d to a wall or other structure and reduces the amount of sound reflected Note 1 to entry: Claddings are generally made of acoustic and structural elements (see 3.3 and 3.4). 3.5 impulse response the time signal at the output of a system when a Dirac function is applied to the input Note 1 to entry: The Dirac function, also called function, is the mathematical idealisation of a signal infinitely short in time that carries a unit amount of energy. 3.6 maximum sampled area the
