1、High voltage test techniques Measurement of partial discharges by electromagnetic and acoustic methods PD IEC/TS 62478:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62478:2016. The U
2、K participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/42, Testing techniques for high voltages and currents. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisi
3、ons of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 76776 0 ICS 17.220.20; 19.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document
4、 was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD IEC/TS 62478:2016 IEC TS 62478 Edition 1.0 2016-08 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION TECHNIQUE High volt
5、age test techniques Measurement of partial discharges by electromagnetic and acoustic methods Techniques dessais haute tension Mesurage des dcharges partielles par mthodes lectromagntiques et acoustiques INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 17.220.
6、20; 19.080 ISBN 978-2-8322-3560-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez o
7、btenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. colour inside PD IEC/TS 62478:2016 2 IEC TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references. 7 3 Terms et definitions . 7 4 Electromagnetic PD phenomena 10 4.1 Physical background . 10 4.2 Transmission aspec
8、ts 10 4.3 Measuring systems . 10 4.3.1 Electric/electromagnetic fields 10 4.3.2 Frequency ranges 10 4.3.3 Sensors . 10 4.3.4 Instrument related influences . 12 4.3.5 Instrument quantities 13 4.3.6 Performance and sensitivity check 13 5 Acoustic PD phenomena 15 5.1 Physical background . 15 5.2 Transm
9、ission path aspects 15 5.3 Measuring system . 15 5.3.1 General . 15 5.3.2 Sensors . 16 5.3.3 Instrument quantities 16 5.3.4 Performance and sensitivity check 17 6 Location of PD sources 17 6.1 General . 17 6.2 Electromagnetic methods 18 6.3 Acoustic methods 18 6.4 Mixed electromagnetic and acoustic
10、methods 18 Annex A (informative) Advantages and disadvantages of electromagnetic measurements . 19 A.1 Advantages . 19 A.2 Disadvantages 19 Annex B (informative) Advantages and disadvantages of acoustic PD measurements 20 B.1 Advantages . 20 B.2 Disadvantages 20 Annex C (informative) Application-spe
11、cific aspects . 21 C.1 Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) . 21 C.2 VHF and UHF methods 21 C.3 Acoustic methods 22 C.4 Sensitivity verification of electromagnetic and acoustic measurements on GIS . 23 C.4.1 General . 23 C.4.2 Sensitivity verification of UHF measurements . 23 C.4.3 Sensitivity verificatio
12、n of acoustic measurement . 24 C.4.4 Location of PD sources inside GIS . 24 C.4.5 Time-of-flight measurements with the UHF method . 24 PD IEC/TS 62478:2016IEC TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 3 C.4.6 Signal reduction analysis 25 C.4.7 Acoustic location methods 25 C.5 Rotating machines 26 C.6 Transformers 27 C
13、.6.1 Physical background of high frequency and acoustic PD phenomena on transformers 27 C.6.2 UHF PD signals in transformers 28 C.6.3 Acoustic PD signals in transformers . 28 C.6.4 Spatial location of PD sources in liquid-insulated transformers/reactors . 28 C.7 Cable/accessories . 29 Bibliography .
14、 33 Figure 1 Classification of instruments for signal processing . 13 Figure 2 Overview of the important aspects of electromagnetic PD detection . 14 Figure 3 Overview of performance and sensitivity checks in different apparatus 14 Figure C.1 Defect location by time-of-flight measurement . 25 Figure
15、 C.2 Illustration of the physical principle of acoustic and electromagnetic PD detection in an oil/paper insulated transformer. 28 Figure C.3 Classical arrival time based PD location for transformers/reactors with a combination of the electric and acoustic PD signals . 29 PD IEC/TS 62478:2016 4 IEC
16、TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ HIGH VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES MEASUREMENT OF PARTIAL DISCHARGES BY ELECTROMAGNETIC AND ACOUSTIC METHODS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all nat
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26、ences cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for
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29、f publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC TS 62478, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 42: High-voltage and high-current test techniques. PD IEC/TS 62478:2016IEC TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 5 The text of this te
30、chnical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 42/325/DTS 42/333/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in acco
31、rdance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will b
32、e transformed into an International standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents.
33、Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TS 62478:2016 6 IEC TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 INTRODUCTION Partial discharges (PDs) generate electromagnetic and acoustic waves, emit light and produce chemical decomposition of insulation materials; these physical and chemical e
34、ffects can be detected by various diagnostic methods and appropriate sensing elements (sensors). Besides the so-called conventional, electrical method described in IEC 60270, it is possible to detect and measure PDs with various non-conventional methods (see Annexes A and B). There is a special need
35、 to give recommendations for two used non-conventional methods, acoustic and electromagnetic ones, and this document is the first step in this direction. PD IEC/TS 62478:2016IEC TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 7 HIGH VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES MEASUREMENT OF PARTIAL DISCHARGES BY ELECTROMAGNETIC AND ACOUSTIC ME
36、THODS 1 Scope This document is applicable to electromagnetic (HF/VHF/UHF) and acoustic measurements of PDs which occur in insulation of electrical apparatus. This specification deals with a large variety of applications, sensors of different frequency ranges and differing sensitivities. The tasks of
37、 PD location and measuring system calibration or sensitivity check are also taken into account. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
38、 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC TS 60034-27, Rotating electrical machines Part 27: Off-line partial discharge measurements on the stator winding insulation of rotating electrical machines IEC 60270, High-vo
39、ltage test techniques Partial discharge measurements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.ele
40、ctropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 partial discharge PD complex physical phenomena consisting of a localized electrical discharge caused by partial breakdown of an insulating medium under the influence of the local electrical field stress 3.1.1 partia
41、l discharge current pulses PD current pulses extremely fast current pulses, whose rise time and pulse width depend on the discharge type, defect type, geometry and gas pressure 3.1.2 electromagnetic effects of PD PD current pulses resulting in the emission of transient electromagnetic waves at very
42、high frequency ranges PD IEC/TS 62478:2016 8 IEC TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 Note 1 to entry: The electromagnetic waves generated by PD signals propagate through the dielectric materials which surround the PD source; these signals can be detected by various antennas or transducers (sensors). 3.1.3 acoust
43、ic effects of PD transient acoustic wave resulting from the super-heated gas channel produced, similar to lightning, by a PD current pulse 3.1.4 detection and measurement of effects of PD activities that can be detected and measured using the following methods: electrical methods: conventional (acco
44、rding to IEC 60270) or electromagnetic (HF, VHF and UHF) methods acoustical methods optical methods chemical methods Note 1 to entry: Measurement of PD activity is an important criterion for the evaluation of the dielectric condition of insulation systems of electrical apparatus. Note 2 to entry: Th
45、is document only discusses electromagnetic and acoustic methods. 3.2 PD measuring system measuring system for unconventional PD detection consisting of sensing element, transmission path and measuring instrument 3.2.1 sensing element sensor or antenna and connection link (e.g. electric or fiber opti
46、cal cable) to the measuring instrument 3.2.2 transmission path path characterized by the following parameters: distance from the location of the PD to the sensor type of PD signal transmission (conducted or field coupled) propagation characteristic of dielectric material(s) such as dispersion, atten
47、uation, resonances, reflection, diffraction 3.2.3 PD measuring instruments instruments that utilize various combinations of digital and analog techniques to display partial discharge signals in order to assist in their interpretation and evaluation Note 1 to entry: The measured PD signals are influe
48、nced by different behavior of dielectric medium (gaseous, liquid or solid) for acoustic or electromagnetic signal propagation and offer different possibilities for data evaluation in the time and frequency domains, depending on different bandwidths of the sensing element and measuring instrument. 3.
49、3 PD measurement system checks complex combination of equipment whose proper and correct operation is ascertained by performance checking methods PD IEC/TS 62478:2016IEC TS 62478:2016 IEC 2016 9 3.3.1 performance check check serving to assure correct functioning of the entire measuring system, from sensor to PD measuring instrument, typically by injection of an artificial signal Note 1 to entry: The time and frequency domain characteristics of th
