1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TR 16786:2015 Intelligent transport systems The use of simulation models for evaluation of traffic management systems Input parameters and reporting template for simulation of traffic signal control systemsPD ISO/TR 16786:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword Thi
2、s Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 16786:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/278, Intelligent transport systems. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication
3、 does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 80191 4 ICS 03.220.01; 35.240.60 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer
4、 immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TR 16786:2015 ISO 2015 Intelligent transport systems The use of simulation models
5、 for evaluation of traffic management systems Input parameters and reporting template for simulation of traffic signal control systems Systmes intelligents de transport Utilisation de modles de simulation pour lvaluation des systmes de management du trafic routier Paramtres dentre et modle de rappor
6、t pour la simulation des systmes de contrle des signaux du trafic routier TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16786 Reference number ISO/TR 16786:2015(E) First edition 2015-08-15PD ISO/TR 16786:2015ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerlan
7、d All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be request
8、ed from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/TR 16786:2015ISO/TR 16786:2015(E)Foreword iv
9、 Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions . 1 3 Categories of targeted signal control method 2 4 Signal control for isolated intersection 3 4.1 Simulation condition 3 4.1.1 Simulator 3 4.1.2 Road network . 3 4.1.3 Vehicle detector 3 4.1.4 Traffic conditions and simulation time 4 4.1.5 Sign
10、al control 4 4.1.6 Simulation system configuration . 5 4.2 Methods of presenting simulation results. 5 4.2.1 Signal control parameter 5 4.2.2 Evaluation index . 6 4.2.3 Target for comparison . 7 5 Area traffic control . 7 5.1 Simulation conditions . 7 5.1.1 Simulator 7 5.1.2 Road network . 7 5.1.3 V
11、ehicle detector 7 5.1.4 Traffic condition . 8 5.1.5 Signal control 8 5.1.6 Simulation system configuration . 8 5.2 Methods of presentation of simulation results . 8 5.2.1 Signal control parameters 8 5.2.2 Evaluation Index. 8 Annex A (informative) Example of simulation conditions for evaluation of si
12、gnal control systems performance (in case of area traffic control) 9 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/TR 16786:2015ISO/TR 16786:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). Th
13、e work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gov
14、ernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
15、in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the
16、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO l
17、ist of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as w
18、ell as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TR 16786:
19、2015ISO/TR 16786:2015(E) Introduction Many kinds of signal control systems are used in the world. Some systems are based on simple time- of-day control while some systems are operated in real time, adaptively controlled in accordance with changing traffic conditions. When adopting a new signal contr
20、ol system in the field, simulations are often used to evaluate its effect. However, although traffic conditions vary considerably in each country and area, simulations can be operated only with some limited conditions. Some control systems and algorithm achieve good performance only in specific cond
21、itions, and sometimes simulations are operated assuming virtual road networks for studying a new algorithm. By disclosing simulation conditions, it becomes possible to learn whether the signal control systems are applicable to many conditions or good in particular conditions, and whether the conditi
22、ons are practical or the simulation is for theoretic quality assessment. Thus, this Technical Report aims to provide guidelines for disclosing simulation conditions and results in order to evaluate and compare various signal control systems. For a fair evaluation of signal control systems from simul
23、ation results, this Technical Report describes minimum necessary items of conditions of simulation that shall be disclosed. The items of simulation results cannot be regulated because various kinds of results are created depending on simulators, so this Technical Report shows some examples of simula
24、tion results. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TR 16786:2015PD ISO/TR 16786:2015Intelligent transport systems The use of simulation models for evaluation of traffic management systems Input parameters and reporting template for simulation of traffic signal control systems 1 Scope This T echnical
25、 Report provides guidelines for disclosing simulation conditions and results when evaluating the performance of signal control methods, focusing on algorithm that establishes signal timings based on traffic conditions. The following are the main aims of the evaluation of signal control systems: a) t
26、o evaluate the quality of the algorithm in various traffic conditions; b) to evaluate the validity of the algorithm for specific applications (types of intersection); c) to establish a fair comparison of the algorithm versus other existing algorithms or other types of control systems; d) to evaluate
27、 the results of the implementation of a signal control system objectively. When claiming and/or comparing the performance of signal control systems from simulation results, it is necessary to clarify simulation conditions and results so that third parties can objectively judge its fairness and reaso
28、nability. This Technical Report describes minimum necessary items of conditions that shall be disclosed to ensure fair evaluation and does not describe maximum possible items. 2 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 additional lane add
29、ed lane which is branched from another lane (2.6) 2.2 clearance time time between signal phases during which an intersection is not used by any traffic Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in seconds. 2.3 cycle complete sequence of signal indications 2.4 cycle length time required for a complete sequenc
30、e of signal indications 2.5 detection area area where a vehicle detector can count and/or determine the presence of a vehicle TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16786:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TR 16786:2015ISO/TR 16786:2015(E) 2.6 lane marked part of a road that is wide enough to accommodate
31、 one vehicle 2.7 link union of separated two points on the road, tied by single or plural lanes (2.6) 2.8 lost lane lane (2.6) which is merged into another lane (2.6) 2.9 occupancy percent of time that a detector indicates a vehicle is present over a total time period 2.10 phase signal controller ti
32、ming unit associated with the control of one or more movements 2.11 saturation flow rate equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles can traverse an intersection approach, assuming a constant green indication at all time and no loss time Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in vehicles per hour or vehicles
33、 per hour per lane. 2.12 split time assigned to a phase (2.12) during coordinated operations Note 1 to entry: It may be expressed in seconds or percent. 2.13 time-of-day control signal timing plans associated to specific hours of the day associated with fluctuations in demand 2.14 vehicle detector d
34、evice used to count and/or determine the presence of a vehicle 3 Categories of targeted signal control method In this Technical Report, the simulation conditions shall be classified in the following categories according to the main purpose of the targeted signal control method: a) signal control for
35、 isolated intersection; b) area traffic control.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/TR 16786:2015ISO/TR 16786:2015(E) 4 Signal control for isolated intersection 4.1 Simulation condition 4.1.1 Simulator By disclosing simulator being used, it becomes possible to indicate whether the simulator is suit
36、able for evaluating the functions of targeted signal control and to guarantee reproducibility of the evaluation. For this purpose, the following items about simulator information shall be disclosed: a) manufacturer of the simulator; b) product name; c) version. It is important to calibrate simulatio
37、n models to validate the simulation results. An example of the criteria for the calibration can be found in “Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume III: Guidelines for Applying Traffic Microsimulation Modeling Software” by The Federal Highway Administration. The validation of simulation models are out of s
38、cope of this Technical Report, but simulation models should be disclosed. 4.1.2 Road network The following items shall be disclosed as road network conditions under simulating: a) number of links; b) number of lanes (and number of additional lanes and lost lanes, if it exists); c) length of links (i
39、n meters); d) direction of each link (should be illustrated with arrows in figures); e) geometry of links (how each link is connected to other links and intersections). If each link can be used by particular vehicles (e.g. dedicated buses, bicycles), then the vehicle types shall be disclosed. 4.1.3
40、Vehicle detector Generally, signal control systems are thought to achieve better performance as more detectors are installed, but the cost of installing detectors increases with the numbers of detectors. Moreover, there are some areas in the field where detectors are difficult to install. Thus, by d
41、isclosing the detector conditions, it becomes possible to evaluate the cost effectiveness of the targeted system and to let third parties know whether the conditions are practical or if the simulation is for theoretic quality assessment. For this purpose, the following items shall be disclosed for d
42、etector conditions under simulating: a) location of vehicle detector (can be shown as Figure A.1); b) detection area (e.g. square measure, shape); c) items collected with vehicle detectors for signal control (e.g. traffic volume, occupancy); d) lane usage for vehicle detector (e.g. right turn only,
43、right turn plus through); e) when using information collection methods other than a detector (e.g. probe data), then their outline and collection items; f) when using information collection methods that are not feasible to use in the field, then their outline and collection items. ISO 2015 All right
44、s reserved 3PD ISO/TR 16786:2015ISO/TR 16786:2015(E) 4.1.4 Traffic conditions and simulation time The effect of the signal control system depends on traffic conditions, so the conditions and the variations over the time of the simulation shall be disclosed. For this purpose, the following items shal
45、l be disclosed for traffic flow conditions under simulating: a) types of demand (vehicle types and their percentages of total vehicle demand); b) public transit (routes and volume, in case of evaluating the influence of public transit); c) pedestrians (crosswalk and volume, in case of evaluating the
46、 influence of pedestrians); d) traffic demand (input traffic volume of each link and turning ratio at the intersection); e) vehicle generation distribution (e.g. uniform distribution, Poisson distribution); f) saturation flow rate (vehicles/lanes/green timing); g) average speed (km/hour); h) simulat
47、ion time (seconds); i) simulation resolution (how many steps per second calculations are operated); j) pre-simulation time (the time to create initial traffic conditions before simulation evaluation, excluding simulation time). Traffic conditions should be general enough so that third parties can ra
48、tionally evaluate the performance and compare it to other algorithm. Each traffic control system will have its strong traffic conditions and weak traffic conditions. The performance of signal control under changing traffic conditions is essential. Therefore, input traffic volume should be changed cy
49、clically to be normal, near saturated, and over saturated in order to prove the signal control system is applicable to all these conditions, or good in particular traffic conditions, and to show the performance under changing traffic conditions. 4.1.5 Signal control The performance of signal control depends on clearance time, cycle length, upper and lower limits of split, and other conditions, so those conditions shall be disclosed. When using the time-of-day control method without vehicle detectors as the reference system, its peri
