1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 9.3Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer MethodTHIRD EDITION, DECEMBER 2012Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 9.3Standard Test Method for De
2、nsity, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer MethodMeasurement CoordinationTHIRD EDITION, DECEMBER 2012Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,stat
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11、er, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2012 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or produc
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15、eextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisio
16、ns are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Summary of Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Apparatus Verification or Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711 Reports . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 Precision and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . 913 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Annex A.1 (Mandatory Information) Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Figures1 Typical Thermohydrometer Designs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Hydrometer Reading for Transparent Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Hydrometer Reading for Opaque Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Tables1 Density Thermohydrometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 API Gravity Thermohydrometers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Limiting Conditions and Test Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5vDesignation: D6822 12bManual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.3Standa
28、rd Test Method forDensity, Relative Density, and API Gravity of CrudePetroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byThermohydrometer Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
29、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination, using a glassthermohydrometer in conjunction with a
30、 series of calculations,of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crudepetroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum andnonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids and havinga Reid vapor pressures of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less.Values are determined at existing tempera
31、tures and corrected to15C or 60F by means of a series of calculations andinternational standard tables.1.2 The initial thermohydrometer readings obtained areuncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measure-ments. Readings are measured on a thermohydrometer at eitherthe reference temperature o
32、r at another convenienttemperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect,the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration tem-perature effects and to the reference temperature by means ofcalculations and Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Use of thePetroleum Measurement Tables (API MP
33、MS Chapter 11.1).1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or APIgravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other unitsor alternate reference temperatures by means of Interconver-sion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5) or Adjunct toD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measureme
34、nt Tables(API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables as applicable.1.4 The initial thermohydrometer reading shall be recordedbefore performing any calculations. The calculations requiredin Section 9 shall be applied to the initial thermohydrometerreading with observations and results reported as req
35、uired bySection 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure(measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, orbase prover volume determination).1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certify-ing the equipment of this test method.1.6 The values stated in SI units are t
36、o be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and d
37、etermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD4
38、057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use in
39、Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsE100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ,
40、thejoint ASTM-API Committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer(Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6822-12a. DOI:10.1520/D6822-12B.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
41、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
42、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 API Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.1 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petro-leum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2 Practice for Automatic Sampling ofPetroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM PracticeD41
43、77)MPMS Chapter 8.3 Practice for Mixing and Handling ofLiquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D5854)MPMS Chapter 9.1 Hydrometer Test Method for Density,Relative Density or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andLiquid Petroleum Products (ASTM Test Method D1298)MPMS Chapter 11.1
44、Temperature and Pressure Volume Cor-rection Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, RefinedProducts, and Lubricating Oils (Adjunct toASTM D1250)MPMS Chapter 11.5 Density/Weight/Volume Intraconver-sion2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measure-ment Tables (API MPMS Chapter
45、11.1)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 API gravity (API), na special function of relativedensity 60/60F, represented by:API 5 141.5/relative density 60/60F!# 2 131.5 (1)3.1.1.1 DiscussionNo statement of reference temperatureis required, as 60F is included in the
46、 definition.3.1.2 density, nthe mass of liquid per unit volume at 15Cand 101.325 kPa with the standard unit of measurement beingkilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3).3.1.2.1 DiscussionOther reference temperatures, such as20C, may be used for some products or in some locations.Less preferred units of mea
47、surement, for example, kg/L org/mL, are still in use.3.1.3 hydrometer reading, nthe point on the hydrometerscale at which the surface of the liquid cuts the scale.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIn practice for transparent fluids thiscan be readily determined by aligning the surface of the liquidon both sides of
48、the hydrometer and reading the Hydrometerscale where these surface readings cut the scale (HydrometerReading Observed). For nontransparent fluids the point atwhich the liquid surface cuts the Hydrometer scale cannot bedetermined directly and requires a correction (Meniscus Cor-rection). The value re
49、presented by the point (Meniscus Read-ing) at which the liquid sample rises above the main surface ofthe liquid subtracted from the value represented by where themain surface of the liquid cuts the Hydrometer scale is theamount of the correction or Meniscus correction. This menis-cus correction is documented and then subtracted from thevalue represented by the Meniscus Reading to yield theHydrometer Reading corrected for the Meniscus (HydrometerReading Observed, Meniscus Corrected).3.1.4 observed values, nhydrometer readings observed ata temperature other th
