1、 0732290 05305310 711 1993 Znternatonal Oil Spll Conference 9 0732290 0530511 658 = Proceedings 1993 International Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Preparedness, Response) March 29-April 1 , 1993 Tampa, Florida Sponsored by: United States Coast Guard, American Petroleum Institute, and U. S. Environ
2、mental Protection Agency O732290 0530532 594 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog No. 75-4161 American Petroleum Institute publication No. 4580 American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street NW Washington, D.C. 20005 Qpe set by Circle Graphics, Inc. Columbia, Maryland 2104
3、5 Port City Press, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland 21208 Printed by W 0732290 0530513 420 In Memoriam US. Coast Guard Commander Mark L. Lavache 1947-1992 The 1993 International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings volume is dedicated to the memory of retired U.S. Coast Guard Commander Mark L. Lavache in recogn
4、ition of his dedicated service and valuable contributions to the Biennial International Oil Spill Conferences. Among key roles on behalf of the International Oil Spill Conference, Commander Lavache made out- standing contributions in chairing the Conference program committee for three consecutive co
5、nferences: 1985,1987 and 1989. As program committee chairman, Commander Lavache served with consistent excellence for those six years, longer than any other Conference program committee chairman. In addition, he advised and served “behind the scenes” during the 1991 conference. Commander Lavache als
6、o shared with us his inspiration, courage, strength and grace during times of personal hardship. 1993 International Oil Spill Conference Frank J. Durante, Caltex Petroleum Corporation Capt. Mike Donohoe, U.S. Coast Guard Kurt Jakobson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chairman, 1993 Conference V
7、ice Chairman Vice Chairman V 0732290 0530534 367 FOREWORD I would like to welcome everyone to the 13th biennial International Oil Spill Conference, jointly sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute, the U.S. Coast Guard, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The Conference provides an in
8、ternational forum for the exchange of information, the transfer of technology, and the sharing of experiences related to oil spiil prevention, preparedness, and response. Participation at this years Conference is expected to be greater than at all previous conferences-a reflection, I believe, of the
9、 worlds growing awareness of the need for responsible and effective oil spill control measures. The Conference has been expanded to a full four-day program incorporating three international panel discussions, more than 125 technical papers, and numerous poster presentations. The committee hereby ext
10、ends its apologies to many other potential presenters whose papers could not be accommodated in the time available due, only, to the sheer volume of material received. In addition, more than 225 international companies and agencies will exhibit their products and services related to spill prevention
11、 and response. This years Conference will be truly international in scope, with the underlying theme of international cooperation as it relates to oil spill issues. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) and the Oil Pol
12、lution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) will serve as focal points for discussion. Discussions will include all aspects of spill prevention and preparedness, including planning, training, and research and development. Response issues, including fate and effects of spilled oil, cleanup, bioremediation, and in-si
13、tu burning, will also be addressed. Case histories, as well as the legal and economic impacts of oil spills are also on the agenda. In all, I believe that this program will be the most comprehensive to date and will help us all to expand our knowledge and capabilities on this important issue. The sp
14、onsors of this Conference wish to thank the authors of the papers that constitute these proceedings. I also wish to acknowledge the extensive contribution of time and effort by all members of the panels, session chairmen, and planning committees that has gone into making this Conference a successful
15、 reality. Frank J. Durante vi i 0732290 0530535 2T3 1993 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE COMMITTEES ViCe ChalrllUIlh Capt. Mike Donohoe US. Coast Guard General Committee CbairmUl Frank J. Durante Caltex Petroleum Corporation Vice Chairman Kurt Jakobson U. S. Environmental Protection Agency John C
16、unningham US. Environmental Protection Agency Robert Drew American Petroleum Institute John S. Farlow U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Jack R. Gould American Petroleum Institute (Retired) Lt. Cdr. James Obernesser US. Coast Guard Cdr. Robert Pond U.S. Coast Guard Subhas K. Sikdar U. S. Environm
17、ental Protection Agency Program Committee Cdr. Robert G. Pond (Chairman) US. Coast Guard Al Allen Spiltec Pamela Bergman Department of Interior Dilworth W. Chamberlain ARCO James Clow Texaco, Inc. Capt. Ted Colburn U. S. Coast Guard John Cunningham US. Environmental Protection Agency Herb Curl Natio
18、nal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration David Davidson Taco oil Company Paul Egner Shell Oil Company Trygve Enger Foss Environmental John S. Farlow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency David Fritz Amoco Oil Company Fred Halverson O. H. Materials Corporation Wayne Hollingsworth ARAMCO Services Cha
19、rles Huber Mobil Oil Corporation George Jardim Chevron Corporation Capt. Donald Jensen U. S. Coast Guard John Latour Canadian Coast Guard Cdr. Douglas Lentsch U. S. Coast Guard Alan Meams National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jacqueline Michel Research Planning Institute Lt. Cdr. James Obe
20、rnesser US. Coast Guard Gary Ott National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration James Parker Industrial Manne Service, Inc. Cory Peabody Canadian Coast Guard Craig Rassinier Exxon Shipping Cdr. Dennis Sande U. S. Coast Guard Robert Schulze Consultant, Inc. Robert Schulze Environmental Cal Sikstrom
21、Esso Resources Canada Jan Thorman Deparhent of Interior Darryle Waldron Clean Seas Cooperative ix = 0732290 0530516 L3T Public Relations Committee Paul Murphy (Chairman) Caltex Petroleum Corporation CWO Jerry Snyder US. Coast Guard Exhibit Chairman John S. Farlow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
22、 Exhibit Management Trade Associates, Inc. Susan Hahn American Petroleum institute Carl Terry U. S. Environmental Protection Agency li.easurer Robert Drew American Petroleum Institute Conference Management Courtesy Associates, Inc. Editor John Ludwigson Science writerleditor X CONTENTS I-CONTINGENCY
23、 PLANNING RESPONSE TO A SPILL OF NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE DEVELOPING STANDARDIZED FACILITY CONTINGENCY PLANS ENHANCING CANADAS SPILL RESPONSE CAPABILITY: OIL SPILL EQUIPMENT 3 7 Capt. Donald S. Jensen, Cdr. Robert Pond, Cdr. Mark H. Johnson David A. Davidson REQUIREMENTS FOR A 10,000 TON RESPONSE CAPAB
24、ILITY . : . 13 Wayne Halley, John Latour Bruce McKenzie, Norman Ingram MUTUAL AID IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE: THE ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE MODEL . POLLUTION PREVENTION, PREPAREDNESS, AND RESPONSE COORDINATION EFFORTS BETWEEN THE U.S. COAST GUARD AND COASTAL, GREAT LAKES, AND INLAND RIVER STATES THE OILING OF
25、ICs. OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THE IVORY COAST . MARINE ANTIPOLLUTION ACTIVITIES IN ITALY: MONITORING, PREVENTION, AND INTERVENTION. 35 HISTORICAL BUILDUP OF OIL SPILL RESPONSE CAPABILITY IN JAPAN . 39 ORGANIZING COMPANY SPECIALISTS FOR RAPID AND EFFECTIVE RESPONSE . 45 CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
26、 CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS, AND OIL POLLUTION ACT OF 1990 IMPLEMENTATION . DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT TO SPILL RESPONSE OPERATIONS. . OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANNING ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY. . THE NATIONAL RESPONSE SYSTEM: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? EVOLVING SPILL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS UNDER OPA 90 C
27、OULD REDUCE RESPONSE EFFECTIVENESS 73 19 23 25 31 Capt. Michael J. Donohoe, Cdr. Bruce A. Russell, Patricia Clark Steve Hunter Klavs Bender, Svend Kare Jensen, John 0stergrd, Capt. Pou1 Nogbou Curzio Lao, Cristina Alessi Sakae Shirai George M. Jardim, Henry J. McDermott 51 57 63 67 Joseph E. Lees Do
28、nald L. Ducey, Jr., Ann Hayward Walker Sharon K. Christopherson, Lt. Paul M. Slyman Lt. Richard C. Johnson Gary L. Ott, June Lindstedt-Siva, Ann Hayward Walker II-CLEANUP OPERATIONS IMPLEMENTATION OF FIELD TECHNIQUES TO STABILIZE ABANDONED OIL WELLS-BOYDS CREEK, KENTUCKY 83 Charles K. Eger, Wen-Jei
29、Fang, Jon Maybriar, Keith Sims Archie J. Johnston, Michael R. Fitzmaurice, Ronald G. M. Watt OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT: VISCOUS OILS Xi 89 m 0732290 0530538 TO2 m IMPLEMENTING THE SHORELINE CLEANUP ASSESSMENT TEAM PROCESS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO 95 Karolien Debusschere, Shea Penland, Karen E. Ramsey, Dian
30、ne Lindstedt, Karen A. Westphal, Robert Seal, Randolph A. McBride, Mark R. Byrnes, Ed Owens Cdr. Frank L. Whipple, Lt. Cdr. Stephan P. Glenn, Lt. Cdr. Joseph J. Ocken, Gary L. Ott A PROGRAM APPROACH FOR SITE SAFETY AT OIL SPILLS. 99 AN INLAND OIL SPILL RESPONSE MANUAL TO MINIMIZE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENT
31、AL IMPACTS. . 105 WASTE MINIMIZATION CONCEPTS APPLIED TO OIL SPILL RESPONSE . 111 OIL SPILL CLEANUP FOR SOFT SEDIMENTS 117 A MECHANIZED APPROACH TO BEACH CLEANUP IN SAUDI ARABIA . 123 THE CONTRIBUTION OF AIR CUSHIONED VEHICLES IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE . 127 SEAWEEDS AND THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL 135 A
32、SSESSING THE RECOVERY OF COASTAL WETLANDS FROM OIL SPILLS 141 E. H. Owens, E. Taylor, R. Marty, D. I. Little Dale Ferriere John A. Abbott, David J. Tookey Richard L. Benson, Richard S. LeGore, Cdr. David Pascoe Mac W. McCarthy, Capt. John McGrath Michael S. Stekoll, Lawrence Deysher, Thomas A. Dean
33、Irving A. Mendelssohn, Mark W. Hester, John M. Hill SAVING OILED MANGROVES USING A NEW NON-DISPERSING SHORELINE CLEANER . 147 Howard J. Teas, Richard Lessard, Gerard P. Canevari, Claude D. Brown, Raymond Glenn III-CASE HISTORIES RESPONDING TO THE UNDERGROUND OIL SPILL: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY GAS A
34、ND TRANSMISSION SITE IN WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA 155 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN A HIGH DESERT, CRUDE OIL PIPELINE SPILL 159 COLONIAL PIPELINE ENOREE RIVER OIL SPILL: A CASE HISTORY 165 Lt.( j.g.) Jeffrey Babb, Lt.( j.g.) Roger Laferriere Mark A. Lowe, Eugene R. Mancini, Dilworth W. Chamberlai
35、n, Gregory R. Albright Arthur B. Smith, Jr. HAVEN OIL SPILL OFF GENOA-INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 169 Rita Vaccaro, Carlo Trozzi, Roberta Scarsella, Anna Luise, Thomas Gulbransen THE HAVEN INCIDENT: LESSONS LEARNED WITH PAKICULAR REFERENCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES 179 VLCC HAVEN
36、ACCIDENT: EMERGENCY AND RECOVERY OPERATIONS . 185 THE MOTHER OF ALL OIL SPILLS AND THE DAWHAT AD DAFI. . 193 THE KZRKZ INCIDENT 201 R. Adm. Walter Turbini, Eugenio Fresi, Franco Bambacigno G. Tripaldi James L. OBrien, John J. Gallagher Donald Brodie RESPONSE TO THE RIO ORINOCO INCIDENT: A SMALL-SCAL
37、E INCIDENT THAT LASTED A WHOLE YEAR 209 Xi i Andr Audet 0732290 0530539 q9 OIL, RATS, AND SALVAGE: THE GROUNDING OF THE HYUNDAI #12 213 OFFSHORE OIL SPILL RECOVERY OPERATIONS IN THE PERSIAN GULF . 219 RESPONSE TO THE GROUNDING OF THE FN EIJYU MARU NO. 21. . 225 Joseph B. H. Smith, Capt. Richard J. A
38、saro, Cdr. Harlan Henderson Hugh D. Williams, Gunnar Kr. Gangsaas Lt. Vance Bennett, Lt. Don Noviello Massimo Martinelli, Anna Luise, Fabio Sabetta, Theodor C. Sauer, Erich Gundlach, Jerry M. Neff, Timothy Reilly, Riccardo Pascoli, Elisabetta Tromellini, Gregory S. Douglas, Giovanni Ferro Giuseppe T
39、ripaldi, Carlo Morucci, Ezio Amato John Strand, Stanley Senner, Arthur Weiner, Sanford Rabinowitch, Mark Brodersen, Kenneth Rice, Karen Klinge, Susan MacMullin, Ruth Yender, Raymond Thompson THE MC HAVEN OIL SPILL: RESPONSE AND INITIAL IMPACTS OF A LARGE SPILL . 231 VLCC HAVEN-THE BIOLOGICAL MONITOR
40、ING PROGRAM . 239 PROCESS TO IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE RESTORATION OPTIONS . 245 JY-RESPONSE EXPERIMENT IN DEMOCRACY: THE CITIZEN OVERSIGHT COUNCIL AS A MEANS OF MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TERMINAL ANDTANKEROPERATIONS 253 VESSEL RESPONSE PLAN REQUIREMENTS: OBSERVATIONS BY INTERTANKO. 259 FORMUL
41、ATING AND INFLUENCING PUBLIC POLICY. 263 THE REGIONAL RESPONSE TEAM (RRT): DYNAMITE OR DINOSAUR? . 267 POST-OPA 90 NATIONAL STRIKE FORCE. . 273 Patty Ginsburg, Scott Sterling, Sheila Gottehrer Charles R. Corbett THE STATES/BC OIL SPILL TASK FORCE-AN INTERNATIONAL MODEL FOR Jon Neel, John Bones, Eliz
42、abeth Dimmick, Lynn J. Tomich Kent, Roger Dunstan, Bruce Sutherland Cdr. John C. Reed, Lt. Cdr. Harry E. Schultz, William P. Athayde Lt. Alvin M. Crickard, Capt. Donald S. Jensen V-FATE AND EFFECTS PERSISTENCE AND WEATHERING OF EXXON VALDEZ OIL IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE-3.5 YEARS LATER. . 279 BIOLOGICA
43、L CONDITIONS OF SHORELINES FOLLOWING THE EXXONVALDEZSPILL . 287 IMPACTS ON INTERTIDAL EPIBIOTA: EXXON VALDEZ SPILL Jonathan P. Houghton, Allan K. Fukuyama, Dennis C. Lees, William B. Driskell, Gary Shigenaka, Alan J. Mearns Jacqueline Michel, Miles O. Hayes Sam W. Stoker, Jerry M. Neff, Thomas R. Sc
44、hroeder, Deborah M. McCormick AND SUBSEQUENT CLEANUP. . 293 OIL EXPOSURE AND EFFECTS IN SUBTIDAL FISH FOLLOWING THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL. Tracy K. Collier, Margaret M. Krahn, Cheryl A. Krone, Lyndal L. Johnson, Mark S. Myers, Sin-Lam Chan, Usha Varanasi SALT MARSH RECOVERY FROM A CRUDE OIL SPILL:
45、VEGETATION, OIL WEATHERING, AND RESPONSE. . Rebecca Z. Hoff,Gary Shigenaka, Charles B. Henry, Jr. 301 307 OYSTERS AS BIOMONITORS OF THE APEX BARGE OIL SPILL 313 Terry L. Wade, Thomas J. Jackson, Thomas J. McDonald, Dan L. Wilkinson, James M. Brooks xlil 0732290 0530520 660 CHRONIC OILING AND LONG-TE
46、RM EFFECTS OF THE 1986 GALETA SPILL ON FRINGING MANGROVES. . 319 HERRING PARASITE AND TISSUE ALTERATIONS FOLLOWING THEEXXONVALDEZOILSPILL 325 EFFECTS OF THE 1986 BAHA LAS MINAS OIL SPILL ON REEF FLAT COMMUNITIES 329 MEASURING EFFICACY OF BIOREMEDIATION OF OIL SPILLS: MONITORING, OBSERVATIONS, AND LE
47、SSONS FROM THE APEX OIL SPILL EXPERIENCE. 335 EFFECTS OF SHORELINE TREATMENT METHODS ON INTERTIDAL BIOTA IN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND 345 IMPACTS ON INTERTIDAL INFAUNA: EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL AND CLEANUP 355 Stephen D. Garrity, Sally C. Levings, Kathryn A. Burns Adam D. Moles, Stanley D. Rice, Mark S. Ok
48、ihiro John D. Cubit, Judith L. Connor Alan J. Mearns, Patrick Roques, Charles B. Henry, Jr. Dennis C. Lees, Jonathan P. Houghton, William B. Driskell William B. Driskell, Allan K. Fukuyama, Jonathan P. Houghton, Dennis C. Lees, Gary Shigenaka, Alan J. Mearns Gregory S. Douglas, Fabio Sabetta, Ezio A
49、mato THE CHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF HAVEN OIL IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT. . 363 DISTRIBUTION OF OIL FROM THE GULF WAR SPILL WITHIN INTERTIDAL HABITATS-ONE YEAR LATER 373 Miles O. Hayes, Jacqueline Michel, Todd M. Montello, Ahmed M. Al-Mansi, John R. Jensen, Sunil Narumalani, Don V. Aurand, Abdul Haiim Al-Momen, Gordon W. Thayer OIL IN NEARSHORE SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS OF SAUDI ARABIA FROM THE GULF WAR SPILL. 383 Jacqueline Michel, Miles O. Hayes, Richard S. Keenan, John R. Jensen, Sunil Narumalani Michael Walker, Madeleine McDonagh, Derek Abone, Stephen Grigson, Alastai
