1、STD-API/PETRO PUBL 4b42-ENGL L77b 0732290 05b3Ll 5LT American Petroleum Institute A STUDY TO QUANTIFY ON-ROAD FURANS FROM MOBILE SOURCES: EMISSIONS OF DIOXINS AND PHASE 2 Health and Environmental Sciences Department Publication Number 4642 December 1996 STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4642-ENGL Lb m 0732270 0563
2、012 456 m EnMmnmnd Prtnmhip One of the most significant long-term trends affecting the future vitality of the petroleum industry is the publics concerns about the environment, health and safety. Recognizing this trend, API member companies have developed a positive, forward-looking strategy called S
3、TEP: Strategies for Todays Environmental Partnership. This initiative aims to build understanding and credibility with stakeholders by continually improving our industrys environmental, health and safety performance; documenting performance; and communicating with the public. API ENVIRONMENTAL MISSI
4、ON AND GUIDING ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES The members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resources and supplying high quality products and services to consumers
5、. We recognize our responsibility to work with the public, the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound manner while protecting the health and safety of our employees and the public. To meet these responsibilities, API members pledge to manage our bu
6、sinesses according to the following principles using sound 9 9 *d. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 science to prioritize risks and to implement cost-effective management practices: To recognize and to respond to community concerns about our raw materials, products and operations. To operate our plants and facilitie
7、s, and to handle our raw materials and products in a manner that protects the environment, and the safety and health of our employees and the public. To make safety, health and environmental considerations a priority in our planning, and our development of new products and processes. To advise promp
8、tly, appropriate officials, employees, customers and the public of information on significant industry-related safety, health and environmental hazards, and to recommend protective measures. To counsel customers, transporters and others in the safe use, transportation and disposal of our raw materia
9、ls, products and waste materials. To economically develop and produce natural resources and to conserve those resources by using energy efficiently. To extend knowledge by conducting or supporting research on the safety, health and environmental effects of our raw materials, products, processes and
10、waste materials. To commit to reduce overall emission and waste generation. To work with others to resolve problems created by handling and disposal of hazardous substances from our operations. To participate with government and others in creating responsible laws, regulations and standards to safeg
11、uard the community, workplace and environment. To promote these principles and practices by sharing experiences and offering assistance to others who produce, handle, use, transport or dispose of similar raw materials, petroleum products and wastes. I STD.API/PETRO PUBL qbq2-ENGL L99b O732290 05b301
12、3 392 W A Study to Quantify On-Road Emissions of Dioxins and Furans from Mobile Sources: Phase 2 Health and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4642 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: ALAN W. GERTLER, JOHN c. SAGEBIEL WILLIAM A. DIPPEL, LAURENCE H. SHEETZ DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE PO B
13、ox 60220 RENO, NV 89506-0220 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CENTER DECEMBER 1996 American Petroleum 1 Institute STD.API/PETRO PUBL Lib42-ENGL L99b D 0732290 05b3014 229 FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL,
14、STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGA
15、TIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- ERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FO
16、R INFRINGEMENT OF LEITERS PATENT. THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL- Copyright O 1996 American Petroleum Institute iii STD-APIIPETRO PUBL Lib42-ENGL 199b m 0732290 05b3015 165 m ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPER
17、TISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT API STAFF CONTACT David H. Lax, Health and Environmental Sciences Department MEMBERS OF THE DIOXIN TECHNICAL WORK GROUP Dennis W. Lamb, Unocal -76 Products Company, Chairperson Robert J. Farina, Chevron Research and Technology Company Rich
18、ard Davison, Amoco Jim D. Evans, Jr., Shell Oil Company Rafal Sobotowski, BP America John Taunton, Exxon Company, USA King Eng, Texaco OTHER REVIEWERS Glenn Keller, Engine Manufacturers Assoc. Nick Barsic, John Deere Product Engineering Steven Cadle, General Motors RQk Hir. W. RRF(n) EDL(2,3,7,8- PC
19、DDI PCDF)= where: 0 EDL = estimated detection limit for homologous 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/PCDFs. H, = height of the average noise for one of the quantitation ions for the unlabeled PCDDdPCDFs. Hi, = height of one of the quantitation ions for the labeled internal standards. Qi, = quantity in pg, of the internal standard added to the sample before extraction. 3-8
