1、Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operating LimitsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7GSIXTEENTH EDITION, AUGUST 1998EFFECTIVE DATE: DECEMBER 1, 1998ERRATA, MAY 2000ADDENDUM 1, APRIL 2009ADDENDUM 2, SEPTEMBER 2009REAFFIRMED, MAY 2015Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operating LimitsU
2、pstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 7GSIXTEENTH EDITION, AUGUST 1998EFFECTIVE DATE: DECEMBER 1, 1998ERRATA, MAY 2000ADDENDUM 1, NOVEMBER 2003ADDENDUM 2, SEPTEMBER 2009REAFFIRMED, MAY 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular c
3、ircumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertak
4、ing their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.
5、Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone agai
6、nst liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reafrmed, or withdrawn at least everyve years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect ve years after its publ
7、ication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Exploration and Production Departmenttelephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annu-ally and updated
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9、t of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the director of the Exploration and Production Department,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests forpermission
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11、g sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirem
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13、 a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 1998, 2000, 2003 American Petrol
14、eum InstituteFOREWORDThis recommended practice is under the jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Stan-dardization of Drilling and Servicing Equipment.The purpose of this recommended practice is to standardize techniques for the procedureof drill stem design and to dene the operating limits of the
15、 drill stem.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby e
16、xpressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conict.Changes from the previous edition are denoted with bars in the margins. The bars indicatenew content o
17、r major editorial changes. Changes to section numbers due to reformatting orminor editorial changes are not denoted with bars.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Explorationand Production Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washin
18、g-ton, D.C. 20005.This recommended practice shall become effective on the date printed on the cover butmay be used voluntarily from the date of distribution.98iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . .11.1 Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.2 Section Coverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 PROPERTIES OF DRILL PIPE AND TOOL JOINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . .35 PROPERTIES OF DRILL COLLARS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336 PROPERTIES OF KELLYS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 DESIGN CALCULATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467.1 Design Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467.2 Special Design Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467.3 Supplemental Drill Stem M
23、embers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467.4 Tension Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467.5 Collapse Due to External Fluid Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
24、07.6 Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517.7 Torsional Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517.8 Example Calculation of a Typical Drill String DesignBa
25、sed on Margin of Overpull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517.9 Drill Pipe Bending Resulting From Tonging Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528 LIMITATIONS RELATED TO HOLE DEVIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. .538.1 Fatigue Damage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .538.2 Remedial Action to Reduce Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548.3 Estimation of Cumulative Fatigue Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588.4 Identification of Fatigued Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588.5 Wear of Tool Joints and Drill Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588.6 Heat Checking of Tool Joints . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599 LIMITATIONS RELATED TO FLOATING VESSELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5910 DRILL STEM CORROSION AND SULFIDE STRESS CRACKING . . . . . . . . . . . .6110.1 Corrosion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6110.2 Sulfide Stress Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6410.3 Drilling Fluids Containing Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6511 COMPRES
30、SIVE SERVICE LIMITS FOR DRILL PIPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6711.1 Compressive Service Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6711.2 Drill Pipe Buckling in Straight, Inclined Well Bores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6711.3 Cri
31、tical Buckling Force for Curved Boreholes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7811.4 Bending Stresses on Compressively Loaded Drill Pipe in Curved Boreholes .7911.5 Fatigue Limits for API Drill Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9611.6 Estimatin
32、g Cumulative Fatigue Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9811.7 Bending Stresses on Buckled Drill Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10112 SPECIAL SERVICE PROBLEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
33、0112.1 Severe Downhole Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10112.2 Transition from Drill Pipe to Drill Collars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10803vPage12.3 Pulling on Stuck Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10812.4 Jarring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10912.5 Torque in Washover Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10912.6 Allowable Hookload a
35、nd Torque Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10912.7 Biaxial Loading of Drill Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11012.8 Formulas and Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11012.9 Tra
36、nsition from Elastic to Plastic Collapse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11012.10 Effect of Tensile Load on Collapse Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11012.11 Example Calculation of Biaxial Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、 .11013 IDENTIFICATION, INSPECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DRILL STEM COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11213.1 Drill String Marking and Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11213.2 Inspection
38、StandardsDrill Pipe and Tubing Work Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11213.3 Tool Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12213.4 Drill Collar Inspection Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . 12413.5 Drill Collar Handling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12413.6 Kellys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12513.7 Recut Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12613.8 Pin Stress Relief Grooves for Rental Tools and Other Short Term Usage Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12614 SPECIAL PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12714.1 Drill Stem Special Processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12714.2 Connection Break-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12715 DYNA
42、MIC LOADING OF DRILL PIPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12716 CLASSIFICATION SIZE AND MAKE-UP TORQUE FOR ROCK BITS. . . . . . . 128APPENDIX A STRENGTH AND DESIGN FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133APPENDIX B ARTICLES AND TECHNICAL PAPERS . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Figures125 Torsional Strength and Recommended Make-up Torque Curves. . . . . . . . . . 203226 Drill Collar Bending Strength Ratios, 11/2and 13/4Inch ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3927 Drill Collar Bending Strength Ratios, 2 and 21/4Inch ID . . . . . . .
44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4028 Drill Collar Bending Strength Ratios, 21/2Inch ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4129 Drill Collar Bending Strength Ratios, 213/16Inch ID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4230 Drill Collar Bending Strength Ratios, 3 Inch ID. . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4431 Drill Collar Bending Strength Ratios, 31/4Inch ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4532 Drill Collar Bending Strength Ratios, 31/2Inch ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4633 New Kelly-New Drive Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4834 New Kelly-New Drive Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4835 Maximum Height of Tool Joint Above Slips to Prevent Bending During Tonging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5336 Dogleg Severity Limits for Fatigue of Grade E75 Drill Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5537 Dogleg Severity Limits for Fatigue of S-135 Drill Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5638 Lateral Force on Tool Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5739 Fatigue Damage in Gradual Doglegs (Noncorrosive Environment) . . . . . . . . . . 5840 Fatigue Damage in Gradual Doglegs (In Extremely Corrosive Environment) . . 5809090303viPage41 Lateral Forces on Tool Joints and Range 2 Drill Pipe 31/2Inch, 13.
49、3 Pounds per Foot, Range 2 Drill Pipe, 43/4Inch Tool Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6042 Lateral Forces on Tool Joints and Range 2 Drill Pipe 41/2Inch, 16.6 Pounds per Foot, Range 2 Drill Pipe, 61/4Inch Tool Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6043 Lateral Forces on Tool Joints and Range 2 Drill Pipe 5 Inch, 19.5 Pounds per Foot, Range 2 Drill Pipe, 63/8Inch Tool Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6244 Lateral Forces on Tool Joints and Range 3 Drill Pipe 5 Inch, 19.5 Pounds per Foot, Range 3 Drill Pipe, 63/8Inch
