1、Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production OperationAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 74FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 2001REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production OperationUpstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 74F
2、IRST EDITION, OCTOBER 2001REAFFIRMED, JANUARY 2013SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manuf
3、acturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect
4、 to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or
5、use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reafrmed, or withdrawn at least everyve y
6、ears. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect ve years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascerta
7、ined from the API Upstream Segment telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quar-terly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate noticatio
8、n and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the general manag
9、er of the Upstream Segment, AmericanPetroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permissionto reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also beaddressed to the general manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad a
10、vailability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toi
11、nhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that suc
12、h prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Co
13、ntact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis recommended practice was prepared by the API Production Safety Subcommittee. Thispublication is under the jurisdiction of the American Petroleum Institute
14、 Upstream Depart-ments Executive Committee on Drilling and Production Operations. The goal of this recom-mended practice is to assist the oil and gas industry in promoting personnel and public safety.This publication has intentionally stressed recommended safe operating practices concentrat-ing on p
15、ersonnel and public safety. THE PUBLICATION DOES NOT, HOWEVER, PUR-PORT TO BE SO COMPREHENSIVE AS TO PRESENT ALL OF THE RECOMMENDEDSAFE OPERATING PRACTICES THAT CAN AFFECT SAFETY IN ONSHORE OIL ANDGAS PRODUCTION OPERATIONS. It is intended that this voluntary recommended practicewill promote and main
16、tain safe working conditions for personnel engaged in onshore produc-tion operations. Every effort has been made by API to assure the accuracy and reliability ofdata contained in this document. However, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with the publication o
17、f this recommended practice and herebyexpressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or application hereunder or for anyviolation of local, state, or federal laws with which the contents may conict. INFORMATIONCONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER PRECAUTIONS WITHRESPECT TO PAR
18、TICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS SHOULD BEOBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THATMATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). Users of this publica-tion are reminded that constantly developing technology and specialized or limited operationsdo not permit complete cove
19、rage of all operations or alternatives. Recommendations presentedherein are not intended to inhibit developing technology and equipment improvements orimproved operational procedures. This document is not a substitute for qualied engineeringanalysis and judgment to t the specic operations situation.
20、 The publication is available forreview by federal and state agencies or authorities and possible use as a model safe practice toassist in preparation or revision of occupational safety codes or regulations. Recommendationsset forth in this publication are viewed as one satisfactory method for accom
21、plishing a desiredresult. They should not be considered as the only method for achieving the desired results. Thispublication includes usage of the verbs shall and should, whichever is deemed most appli-cable for the specic situation. For the purposes of this publication, the following denitionsare
22、applicable: Shall: Denotes that the recommended practice has universal application to that specicactivity. Should: Denotes a recommended practice: (1) where a safe comparable alternative prac-tice is available; (2) that may be impractical under certain circumstances; or (3) that may beunnecessary fo
23、r personnel safety under certain circumstances. Proposed changes in theseinterpretations and usages should be brought to the attention of the responsible authorizingcommittee to determine that the intent of the publication will be sustained. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so.
24、Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage
25、resulting fromits use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publica-tion may conict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of theUpstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C
26、.20005. iiiCONTENTSPage1 GENERAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Scope. . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 ReferencesIndustry Codes, Practices, and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 SAFETY. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 Safety Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Hazard Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 Fall Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.5 Housekeeping . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.6 Machinery and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.7 Welding and Cutting Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 CONTRACTOR SAFETY AND TRAINING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 SAFE WORK PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 Load Lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 Conned Space, Excavations, and Hazardous Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.3 Lockout/Tagout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.4 Hotwork, Welding,
34、and Flame Cutting Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.5 Work in Proximity to Exposed Energized Power Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 117.1 Emergency Eye or Body Wash Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 Critical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.3 Changes to Critical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.4 Fire Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 Fire Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.6 Ground
37、ing and Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.7 Flammable Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127.8 Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . 149 PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.1 Well Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410 MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.2 Tank Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.3 Drilling and Well Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15ivPage11 INCIDENT INVESTIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512 EMERGENCY RESPONSE. . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512.2 Medical Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、. . . . . . . . . 1512.3 First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513 SPECIAL OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513.1 Well Testing . . . . . . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513.2 Pumping and Hot Oil Operations (Flowlines) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513.3 Pigging Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . 1613.4 Hot Tapping on Equipment in Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16APPENDIX A EXAMPLE LEASE PRODUCTION SAFETY CHECKLIST . . . . . . . 17APPENDIX B EXAMPLE COMPRESSOR/BOOSTER STATIONSSAFETY CHECKLIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Tables1 Maximum Permissible Noise Exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Recommended Minimum Clearances Between Power Lines and Derricks, Masts, or Guylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、10v1Recommended Practice for Occupational Safety for Onshore Oil and Gas Production Operations1 General1.1 PURPOSEThe purpose of this document is to recommend practicesand procedures for promotion and maintenance of safe work-ing conditions for personnel engaged in onshore oil and gasproduction, inc
48、luding special services.1.2 SCOPEThese recommendations apply to production operations asdened herein. For information on drilling, well servicing andworkover operations, see API RP 54. 1.3 RESPONSIBILITYThese recommendations are made recognizing that own-ers, operators, contractors, and their person
49、nel have separateresponsibilities that may be contractual in nature. To ensurethe safe performance of work covered by these recommenda-tions, each employer should provide training and instructionfor its personnel. It is not the intent of these recommendationsto alter the contractual relationship(s) between the parties.The well owner or operator should provide and the contractorshould seek pertinent information that is known or assumedand that the contractor may need to assure a safe operation. Atall times, the specic work activity being performed shouldbe under the imm
