1、 Guidance Notes on Noise and Vibration Control for Inhabited Spaces GUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED SPACES SEPTEMBER 2017 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 2017 American Bureau of Shipping. All rights reserved. AB
2、S Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Foreword Foreword (1 September 2017) Working and living onboard vessels imposes a series of generally low-frequency mechanical vibrations as well as single-impulse shock loads on the human body. Also, exposure to noise is characteristic aboard ves
3、sels. Low-frequency vibrations are created by vessel motions, which are produced by the various sea states in conjunction with vessel speed and point of sail. These motions can result in motion sickness, body instability, interruptions of task performance, sleep interruption and fatigue, increased h
4、ealth risk aggravated by shock loads due to slam, and reduced human efficiency. Higher-frequency vibration influences comfort and is often associated with rotating machinery. The imposition of higher frequency vibrations (about 1 to 80 Hz) induces corresponding motions and forces within the human bo
5、dy creating discomfort and reduced human efficiency. With regard to noise, the above can similarly affect exposed humans, notably with sleep interruption and resulting fatigue, discomfort, and reduced efficiency. Also of concern are transient and permanent hearing loss, masking of audible signals, a
6、nd interruption of speech communication. The concerns related to levels and characteristics of noise and vibration are covered in a series of ABS Guides related to habitability on ships and offshore structures*. To be granted any of the associated habitability notations, specific noise and vibration
7、 criteria must be met. ABS clients in pursuit of these notations have requested guidance on how to control levels of noise and vibration in inhabited spaces. As a result, these Guidance Notes for Noise and Vibration Control in Inhabited Spaces have been created. The information presented in this doc
8、ument is for guidance only, and is intended to support vessel designers and operators in controlling vessel noise and vibration in the general case, and more specifically in meeting the requirements of the ABS Habitability Guides. Adherence to some or all of the guidance in this document affords no
9、guarantee that a habitability notation will be granted. The September 2017 edition of these Guidance Notes incorporates information from the new IMO Code on Noise Levels On-board Ships (IMO Resolution MSC.337(91) and the International Labour Organizations Maritime Labour Convention (ILO MLC). These
10、Guidance Notes become effective on the first day of the month of publication. Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of these Guidance Notes is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically
11、 by email to rsdeagle.org. * Note: The ABS Habitability Guides are: ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Ships ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Workboats ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Offshore Installations ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs) ABS Guide for
12、Habitability of Industrial Personnel on Accommodation Vessels ii ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED SPACES .2017 Table of Contents GUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED SPACES CONTENTS SECTION 1 General 1 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 General 1 1.3 Addressi
13、ng Noise and Vibration 1 1.5 New Industry Requirements 1 3 Application 3 5 Scope 3 7 Terminology 3 SECTION 2 Vibration 8 1 Background . 8 3 Scope 8 5 Overview of Shipboard Vibration 8 5.1 Elastic Vibration . 8 5.3 Vibration Study and Source Design . 9 7 Sources of Vibration 9 7.1 Machinery Excitatio
14、n . 9 7.3 Propulsion and Shafting Excitation 10 7.5 Hydrodynamic Excitation . 10 9 Hull and Structure Vibration Response . 11 9.1 Global Response . 11 9.3 Local Response . 11 11 Shipboard Vibration Modeling . 12 11.1 General 12 11.3 Finite Element Analysis . 12 11.5 Vibration Calculation by Empirica
15、l Methods 14 13 Design for Low Vibration . 15 13.1 General 15 13.3 Vibration Control Plan . 16 13.5 Hull Structure Treatment . 18 13.7 Propeller Treatment . 18 13.9 Mechanical Source Treatment . 19 13.11 Sea Trials 20 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED SPACES .2017 iii 15
16、 Implementation . 20 15.1 Quality Assurance 20 15.3 Trials 21 15.5 Material Selection 21 17 Summary . 21 FIGURE 1 Example of FEA Model of a Cargo Vessel . 13 FIGURE 2 Flexural Modes of a Cargo Vessel 13 FIGURE 3 Deckhouse Model and Bending Modes 14 FIGURE 4 Overall Procedure for Ship Vibration Asses
17、sment 15 FIGURE 5 Vibration Control Plan Engineering Flow Chart . 17 SECTION 3 Noise 22 1 Background . 22 3 Scope 22 5 Overview of Shipboard Noise . 22 5.1 Sound Pressure Level . 22 5.3 Frequency Range 23 7 Sources of Noise . 23 7.1 Propulsion Systems . 23 7.3 Machinery 23 7.5 Heating, Ventilation,
18、and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems . 25 7.7 Piping . 25 7.9 Other Sources . 25 9 Source-Path-Receiver Process. 26 9.1 General 26 9.3 Acoustic Design and Modeling for the Selection of Treatments . 27 9.5 Proper Installation of Treatments . 27 11 Shipboard Noise Modeling 27 11.1 General 27 11.3 Sourc
19、e-Path-Receiver Modeling 28 11.5 SNAME Design Guide and Supplement 29 11.7 Analytical Tools 29 11.9 Finite Element Method . 30 11.11 Other Modeling Approaches 30 13 Design for Low Noise Levels 30 13.1 Noise Control Plan . 30 13.3 Machinery and Other Source Treatments 32 13.5 Path Treatments 34 13.7
20、Receiver Treatments . 38 13.9 HVAC Treatments 40 13.11 Propulsion Treatments . 43 13.13 Piping System Treatments . 43 13.15 Treatment Summary 44 13.17 Fire Safety of Treatments 45 iv ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED SPACES .2017 15 Implementation . 45 15.1 Quality Assur
21、ance . 45 15.3 Trials . 46 15.5 Material Selection 46 17 Summary . 46 TABLE 1 Length of Duct Proceeding Fitting . 41 TABLE 2 Maximum Airflow for Various Noise Ratings . 43 TABLE 3 List of Treatments and Effectiveness 44 FIGURE 1 Airborne/Structure-borne Source/Path . 24 FIGURE 2 Noise Flow Chart. 26
22、 FIGURE 3 Noise Control Plan Engineering Flow Chart 31 FIGURE 4 Unconstrained Tile Damping Applied to Hull Side 36 FIGURE 5 90 Flexible Hose Connection. 37 FIGURE 6 Floating Floor Treatment . 39 FIGURE 7 Typical Resilient Pipe Support 44 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED
23、 SPACES .2017 v This Page Intentionally Left Blank Section 1: General SECTION 1 General 1 Introduction 1.1 General Work-related hearing loss and vibration-related health effects are critical workplace safety and health issues. Seafarers may experience motion sickness, body instability, fatigue, and
24、noise-induced hearing loss, one of the most common occupational diseases. Adverse/improper noise and vibration levels can also cause speech interference, mask warning signals, interfere with concentration and thought processes, disrupt sleep, and create harmful living and working conditions. If desi
25、gned appropriately, however, vessels complying with proper noise and vibration levels can provide an environment for improved crew performance, safety, comfort, and communication, and have an overall positive psychological effect on seafarers. 1.3 Addressing Noise and Vibration (1 September 2017) Th
26、e recommended way to meet noise and vibration criteria is to undertake noise and vibration analyses very early in the design process and apply appropriate controls to mitigate areas of potential concern. Noise and vibration analysis includes: Identifying sources of noise and vibration Modeling noise
27、 and vibration within the vessel Calculation of exciting forces (frequency and amplitude) Location of force application and response of the vessel structure in the positions of interest Modeling the source-path-receiver phenomenon Using this information to review the existing design for opportunitie
28、s to improve noise and vibration levels Therefore, this analysis requires methods which can use design information as input data and calculate the expected noise and vibration levels at positions of interest. It is suggested that the exciting forces should be determined for conditions when the propu
29、lsion machinery runs at not less than 80 percent maximum continuous rating (MCR) for noise and between 80 and 105% for structural vibration analyses. 1.5 New Industry Requirements (1 September 2017) There are several industry requirements relating to noise exposure levels for seafarers. These includ
30、e the IMO Code on Noise and the International Labour Organizations (ILO) Maritime Labour Convention, 2006. 1.5.1 IMO Code on Noise On 1 July 2014, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) was amended to make the “Code on Noise Levels On Board Ships” (the Noise Code) mandato
31、ry for new vessels. The IMO Code on Noise Levels On-board Ships (IMO Resolution MSC.337(91) is now in force and includes requirements limiting noise for certain types of vessels in excess of 1600 gross tons. The Code also includes noise from the operation of thrusters and from noise in port that is
32、related to cargo operations. There are also requirements for acoustic insulation. ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED SPACES .2017 1 Section 1 General This Resolution sets out mandatory maximum noise level limits for machinery spaces, control rooms, workshops, accommodatio
33、n and other spaces on board ships. The Code supersedes the previous non-mandatory Code, adopted in 1981 by resolution A.468 (XII). The purpose of the new Code is to provide standards on preventing noise levels hazardous to human health and reduce seafarers exposure to such noise levels. It gives con
34、sideration to the need for communication, the ability to hear audible alarms, the protection of seafarers from possible noise-induced hearing loss, and the provision of an acceptable degree of comfort during rest hours. The new IMO criteria have been incorporated into the existing ABS suite of Habit
35、ability Guides supporting the various HAB notations. These are the: ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Ships ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Workboats ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Offshore Installations ABS Guide for Crew Habitability on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs) ABS Guide for
36、Habitability of Industrial Personnel on Accommodation Vessels 1.5.2 ILO MLC 2006 The International Labor Organization (ILO) Maritime Labour Convention (MLC), 2006 was ratified and came into force in August of 2013 by port States having adopted the Convention. Within the maritime sphere, the ILO prov
37、ides legal instruments aimed at protecting and improving seafarers working and living conditions. The Convention provides the, as yet, most comprehensive Code regarding seafarers rights, and the obligations of States and shipowners with respect to these rights. The Convention incorporates the fundam
38、ental principles of many ILO Conventions and brings together and updates 68 existing ILO instruments (Conventions and Recommendations) into one document. The MLC has Regulations, both objective and subjective, relating to whole-body vibration and noise levels aboard vessels. Examples are listed belo
39、w: i) Regulation A3.1.6(h) states: “accommodation and recreational and catering facilities shall meet the requirements in Regulation 4.3, and the related provisions in the Code, on health and safety protection and accident prevention, with respect to preventing the risk of exposure to hazardous leve
40、ls of noise and vibration and other ambient factors and chemicals on board ships, and to provide an acceptable occupational and on-board living environment for seafarers.” ii) MLC Regulation A3.1.6(h) calls out Regulation 4.3. Below are listed the physical design and arrangement related aspects of R
41、egulation 4.3 including: a) A4.3.1(b) “reasonable precautions to prevent occupational accidents, injuries and diseases on board ship, including measures to reduce and prevent the risk of exposure to harmful levels of ambient factors and chemicals as well as the risk of injury or disease that may ari
42、se from the use of equipment and machinery on board ships.” NOTE: Ambient factors refer to improper levels of vibration, noise, lighting, and indoor climatic qualities. b) A4.3.2(a) “take account of relevant international instruments dealing with occupational safety and health protection in general
43、and with specific risks, and address all matters relevant to the prevention of occupational accidents, injuries and diseases that may be applicable to the work of seafarers and particularly those which are specific to maritime employment;” NOTE: Occupational disease refers to disorders such as noise
44、-induced hearing loss, tinnitus, and musculoskeletal injuries/disorders (e.g., lower and upper back and neck issues). 2 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR INHABITED SPACES .2017 Section 1 General c) A4.3.4 “Compliance with the requirements of applicable international instruments on
45、 the acceptable levels of exposure to workplace hazards on board ships and on the development and implementation of ships occupational safety and health policies and programmes shall be considered as meeting the requirements of this Convention.” The more common international instruments related to t
46、he “ambient factors” of noise and vibration are the new IMO Code on Noise and ISO 6954: 2000, Mechanical vibration Guidelines for the measurement, reporting and evaluation of vibration with regard to habitability on passenger and merchant ships. The IMO Code on Noise and the ISO 6954 vibration crite
47、ria have been incorporated into the existing ABS suite of Habitability Guides supporting the various HAB notations and into the ABS Guide for Compliance with the ILO MLC, 2006 Title 3 Requirements, and the associated MLC-ACCOM notation. Both of these notations support the demonstration of vessel com
48、pliance with the physical design and arrangement requirements, including acceptable conditions of onboard ambient environmental factors of MLC Title 3. Neither of these Guides address the procedural or management system requirements required by the ILO MLC. 3 Application (1 September 2017) These Gui
49、dance Notes are intended to assist the marine community (shipyards, designers, regulators, and owners) in addressing noise and vibration issues and important design parameters. The information in these Guidance Notes is recommendatory and should be strongly considered when designing any new vessel in order to provide the safest and most productive working environment for seafarers. The cost of fixing noise or vibration issues can be as much as ten times more expensive after construction than if incorporated into the design from the preliminar
