1、 Guidance Notes on the Application of Fiber Rope for Offshore Mooring GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING AUGUST 2011 (Updated February 2014 see next page) American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 Copyright 2011 Ame
2、rican Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Updates February 2014 consolidation includes: March 2012 version plus Corrigenda/Editorials March 2012 consolidation includes: August 2011 version plus Corrigenda/Editorials ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER
3、ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 iii Foreword Foreword These Guidance Notes have been prepared to assist the industry with standardized criteria for applications of fiber ropes in offshore mooring systems. These Guidance Notes describe criteria for design, materials, testing, manufacturing, installat
4、ion and subsequent survey of fiber ropes to be used in offshore mooring systems to be classed or certified by ABS. These Guidance Notes should be used in conjunction with other Rules and Guides published by the American Bureau of Shipping as specified herein. During the preparation of these Guidance
5、 Notes, ABS recognizes that industry participation is a vital factor due to rapidly progressing nature of this technology, and for the success of developing an appropriate standard which satisfies practical classification requirements. ABS appreciates the industrys input in the development of these
6、Guidance Notes. These Guidance Notes supersede the ABS Guidance Notes on the Application of Synthetic Ropes for Offshore Mooring, 1999. The main purpose of these new Guidance Notes is to reflect the latest technology developments and industry practice for applications of fiber ropes in offshore moor
7、ing systems. These Guidance Notes provide detailed guidance for three fiber materials: polyester, HMPE (high modulus polyethylene), and aramid (aromatic polyamide). This does not exclude the use of other fibers in the design of mooring systems, provided that good engineering practice is followed, al
8、l relevant fiber properties are considered and justification for the use is adequately documented. Designers of mooring system are encouraged to consult fiber rope experts and manufactures when other rope materials are considered. These Guidance Notes become effective on the first day of the month o
9、f publication. Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of these Guidance Notes is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to rsdeagle.org. iv ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICAT
10、ION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 Table of Contents GUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING CONTENTS SECTION 1 General 1 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions . 2 SECTION 2 Scope and Procedure for Design and Analysis . 6 1 General . 6 2 Submission of Design, Testing, Manufa
11、cturing, and Survey Documentation 6 3 Mooring Configuration . 7 4 Fiber Rope Types Covered by these Guidance Notes . 7 TABLE 1 Documentation for Design, Testing, Manufacturing, and Survey . 6 SECTION 3 Polyester Mooring Design and Analysis 8 1 Mooring System Arrangement 8 1.1 Top Steel Section 8 1.2
12、 Bottom Steel Section . 8 2 Stiffness Characteristics . 9 3 Stiffness Model . 9 3.1 Static-Dynamic Model 9 3.2 Upper-Lower Bound Model 10 3.3 Other Stiffness Models 11 4 Dynamic Stiffness . 12 4.1 Equation for Dynamic Stiffness 12 4.2 Effect of Load Amplitude 12 4.3 Effect of Loading Period 12 4.4 E
13、ffect of Load History 12 5 Static Stiffness 13 5.1 Recommended Static Stiffness Model . 13 5.2 Alternative Static Stiffness Model 14 5.3 Effect of Load History 14 5.4 Effect of Preload Level . 14 6 Stiffness Values for Preliminary Design 14 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFS
14、HORE MOORING .2011 v 7 Determination of Stiffness Based on Test Data 14 8 Mooring Analysis Procedure . 14 8.1 Major Conclusions from Parametric Studies 14 8.2 Analysis Procedure Based on the Static-Dynamic Model 14 8.3 Analysis Procedure Based on the Upper-Lower Bound Model 15 9 Mooring Analysis Exa
15、mples 15 10 Creep 15 11 Fatigue 15 11.1 Tension-Tension Fatigue . 15 11.2 Axial Compression Fatigue 16 12 Torque Compatibility . 17 12.1 Permanent Mooring . 17 12.2 MODU Mooring . 17 13 Delayed Preloading . 18 14 MODU Mooring Considerations 18 TABLE 1 Fatigue Life Factor of Safety . 16 FIGURE 1 Stat
16、ic-Dynamic Stiffness Model 10 FIGURE 2 Upper-Lower Bound Stiffness Model 11 FIGURE 3 Definition of Quasi-Static Stiffness 13 FIGURE 4 Polyester Fatigue Design Curve . 16 SECTION 4 HMPE Mooring Design and Analysis 19 1 HMPE Rope Strength and Stiffness Properties 19 2 HMPE Creep . 20 2.1 Effect of Tim
17、e and Creep Regimes . 20 2.2 Effect of Applied Load and Temperature . 21 2.3 Creep Analysis 22 2.4 Creep Rupture Analysis. 23 2.5 Creep Model Verification . 24 3 Quasi-Static Stiffness 24 4 Fatigue 24 4.1 Tension-Tension Fatigue . 24 4.2 Axial Compression Fatigue 24 TABLE 1 Typical Rope Weights and
18、Sizes for 10,000 kN Break Strength . 19 FIGURE 1 Comparison of Static and Dynamic Stiffness of Three Fiber Materials 19 FIGURE 2 Typical HMPE Creep Curve 20 FIGURE 3 Typical HMPE Creep Rate Curve . 21 FIGURE 4 Impact of Load and Temperature on Creep Rate . 21 FIGURE 5 GOM Water Temperature Distribut
19、ion 22 vi ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 SECTION 5 Aramid Mooring Design and Analysis 25 1 Aramid Rope Strength and Stiffness Properties . 25 2 Axial Compression Fatigue . 25 2.1 Past Experience and Current Status 25 2.2 Acceptance Criteria . 25 2.3 Moo
20、ring Analysis . 26 3 Tension-Tension Fatigue 26 4 Creep and Creep Rupture . 26 SECTION 6 Design and Analysis for Other Fiber Ropes 27 SECTION 7 Summary of Design Criteria 28 1 Tension Criteria . 28 2 Fatigue Criteria . 28 3 HMPE Creep . 28 4 Aramid Axial Compression Fatigue 28 5 Torque Match with To
21、rque Steel Wire Rope . 28 TABLE 1 Tension Limit and Factor of Safety for Dynamic Analysis 28 TABLE 2 Factor of Safety for Fatigue Life 28 SECTION 8 Testing of Rope 29 1 General . 29 1.1 Test Requirements 29 1.2 Group Approval 29 2 Rope Test Practice . 30 2.1 Rope Sample . 30 2.2 Test Machine . 31 2.
22、3 Test Temperature 31 2.4 Rope Design for Parallel Construction . 32 3 Interpolation and Extrapolation of Data 32 4 Minimum Breaking Strength 32 4.1 Test Procedure 32 4.2 Recommended Procedure to Determine MBS . 33 4.3 Alternative Procedure to Determine MBS 33 5 Elongation and Stiffness . 33 5.1 Ins
23、tallation Pre-loading Test 33 5.2 Quasi-Static Stiffness for Post-Installation Rope . 34 5.3 Quasi-Static Stiffness for Aged Rope 34 5.4 Dynamic Stiffness 34 5.5 Group Approval 35 6 Splice Qualification . 36 7 Particle Ingress Resistance 36 7.1 Test Procedure 36 7.2 Inspection and Testing . 37 8 Tor
24、que Match with Steel Wire Rope . 38 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 vii 9 HMPE Creep Rate Verification . 38 10 Aramid Axial Compression Fatigue 38 10.1 Test Procedure 38 10.2 Data Reporting 38 TABLE 1 Test Requirements 29 TABLE 2 Group Approval . 29 TABL
25、E 3 Test Sample Requirements 30 TABLE 4 Dynamic Stiffness Test Matrix for General Applications . 35 FIGURE 1 Typical Test Setup 31 FIGURE 2 Example Soil Grading . 37 SECTION 9 Testing of Yarn . 39 1 Testing of Yarn Dry Breaking Strength and Elongation 39 2 Testing of Yarn Dry Creep for HMPE . 39 3 Y
26、arn-on-Yarn Abrasion Performance . 39 3.1 Efficiency of Marine Finish . 39 3.2 Persistence of Marine Finish . 40 4 Yarn Testing during Production 40 FIGURE 1 Minimum Requirement for Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Test. 40 SECTION 10 Rope Design . 41 1 General . 41 2 Load Bearing Fiber . 41 3 Rope Jacket 41 4
27、 Soil Filter . 41 5 Termination . 41 6 Rope Continuity 42 SECTION 11 Rope Production and Certification . 43 1 Rope Design Documentation 43 2 Quality Control and Assurance . 43 2.1 Quality Assurance Manual . 43 2.2 Quality Control Data Sheets 43 2.3 Quality Control Report . 43 3 Material Certificatio
28、n . 43 4 Rope Production Report . 44 5 Testing, Inspection, and Certification 44 5.1 General 44 5.2 Inspection, Examination, and Testing during Rope Production . 44 5.3 Inspection of Completed Rope Product . 44 5.4 Examination and Inspection of Terminations . 44 5.5 Determination of Finished Rope Le
29、ngth 44 6 Marking . 45 viii ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 SECTION 12 Handling and Installation . 46 1 General . 46 2 Minimum Tension for Aramid Rope 46 3 Contact with Seabed . 46 3.1 Preset Mooring 46 3.2 Dropped Rope during Deployment 46 4 Preloading
30、Operation 46 SECTION 13 Surveys During and After Installation 47 1 General . 47 2 Permanent Mooring 47 2.1 Survey During Installation 47 2.2 Surveys After Installation . 47 3 MODU Mooring . 48 4 Test Insert . 49 4.1 The Tradeoff of Test Insert 49 4.2 ABS Requirement 49 SECTION 14 Requirement for Wit
31、ness by ABS Surveyor . 50 1 Prototype and Production Testing 50 1.1 Yarn Testing 50 1.2 Rope Testing . 50 2 Production Tests and Inspections . 50 3 Mooring System Survey 50 APPENDIX 1 References 51 APPENDIX 2 Supporting Information and Examples . 53 1 Stiffness values for Preliminary Design of Polye
32、ster Moorings 53 1.1 Dynamic Stiffness 53 1.2 Quasi-Static Stiffness 54 2 Examples for Determination of Polyester Rope Stiffness Based on Test Data 54 2.1 Dynamic Stiffness 54 2.2 Quasi-static Stiffness . 55 3 Major Conclusions from Parametric Studies for Polyester Mooring . 57 3.1 Stiffness Model 5
33、7 3.2 Dynamic and Quasi-static Stiffness . 58 3.3 Fatigue Analysis 58 4 Polyester Mooring Analysis Example . 58 4.1 Determination of Dynamic Stiffness . 58 4.2 Determination of Quasi-static Stiffness 61 4.3 Determination of Upper and Lower Bound Stiffness 61 4.4 Strength Analysis Example 61 4.5 Fati
34、gue Analysis Example . 62 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 ix 5 HMPE Mooring Analysis Example 63 5.1 HMPE Creep Analysis Example 63 5.2 HMPE Creep Rupture Analysis Example 64 5.3 Example of HMPE Quasi-Static Stiffness 65 6 Guidance for Dynamic Stiffness T
35、est Matrix . 66 TABLE 1 Dynamic Stiffness Coefficients for Preliminary Design . 53 TABLE 2 Dynamic Stiffness Values for Preliminary Design . 54 TABLE 3 Quasi-static Stiffness Values for Preliminary Design 54 TABLE 4 Example Dynamic Stiffness Test Data . 55 TABLE 5 Creep Data at 45% MBS . 56 TABLE 6
36、Estimated Tension for Storm Environments . 59 TABLE 7 Dynamic Stiffness for Storm Environments 59 TABLE 8 Dynamic Stiffness for Fatigue Environments 60 TABLE 9 Estimated Mooring Line Tensions under Spar VIM 60 TABLE 10 Dynamic Stiffness for Spar VIM 60 TABLE 11 FD Analysis Results 62 TABLE 12 TD Ana
37、lysis Results 62 TABLE 13 Example Fatigue Life Prediction . 63 TABLE 14 Comparison of Fatigue life Prediction . 63 TABLE 15 Creep Analysis Results . 64 TABLE 16 Creep Rupture Analysis Results . 65 FIGURE 1 Example Quasi-static Stiffness Test Data 55 FIGURE 2 Determination of Creep Coefficient for Qu
38、asi-Static Stiffness 56 FIGURE 3 Quasi-Static Stiffness Design Chart 57 FIGURE 4 Spar Mooring Pattern and Environmental Directions 59 FIGURE 5 Example Quasi-Static Stiffness for HMPE 65 APPENDIX 3 Alternative Procedure to Determine MBS 67 1 General . 67 2 Example 1 Fixed Number of Subropes 67 3 Exam
39、ple 2 Fixed Size of Subrope . 68 TABLE 1 Alternative Method A to Determine MBS 67 TABLE 2 Alternative Method B to Determine MBS 68 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 1 Section 1: General SECTION 1 General 1 Scope The main purpose of these Guidance Notes is
40、to describe criteria for design, material, testing, manufacturing, installation and subsequent survey of fiber ropes to be used as mooring components in offshore mooring systems. The secondary purpose of these Guidance Notes is to highlight differences between fiber rope mooring systems and typical
41、steel mooring systems, and to provide guidance on how to handle these differences during system design and installation. In view of the influence of rope properties on mooring system performance, these Guidance Notes include details of how rope testing, mooring analysis and installation can be integ
42、rated to provide a consistent mooring system design methodology. In this matter, these Guidance Notes cover the following aspects: Design and Analysis Considerations of Mooring System Design Criteria for Mooring Components Design of Fiber Rope Testing and Production of Yarn and Rope Inspection and C
43、ertification during and after Rope Production Survey and Witness by ABS Surveyor Where the mooring design, construction and installation details are similar or equivalent to steel wire/chain mooring systems, no further guidance is included in these Guidance Notes. These Guidance Notes are not intend
44、ed to provide a comprehensive manual on all aspects of mooring design, construction and installation since these details are adequately covered by other recognized standards, such as API RP 2SK. The publication of these Guidance Notes reflects the growth in offshore mooring applications for fiber ro
45、pes and the need for a consolidated written guidance. These Guidance Notes summarize industry experience and common practices in application of fiber ropes for offshore mooring and provides a general guidance to check the integrity of fiber ropes application. These Guidance Notes applies to fiber ro
46、pes used in the mooring system of both permanent and temporary offshore installations such as: Monohull Based FPSOs Semi-Submersible Based FPUs Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs) Drill-Ships Spar Platforms CALM Buoys Section 1 Introduction 2 ABSGUIDANCE NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF FIBER ROPE FOR
47、 OFFSHORE MOORING .2011 Therefore, these Guidance Notes should be used in conjunction with the latest ABS publications as follows: i) ABS Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU Rules) ii) ABS Rules for Building and Classing Single Point Moorings (SPM Rules) iii) ABS Rul
48、es for Building and Classing Floating Production Installations (FPI Rules) iv) ABS Guide for Certification of Offshore Mooring Chain (Chain Guide) These Guidance Notes are not intended to cover general marine applications of fiber ropes, such as berthing and mooring lines at piers and harbors, towin
49、g hawsers on tugs, mooring hawsers on Single Point Moorings (SPMs) and Tension Leg Platform (TLP) tendons. 2 Definitions Aged Rope: The rope that has been subjected to preloading and subsequent environmental loads to reach a fully bedded in condition. Amplitude to Diameter Ratio (A/D): The ratio of VIM amplitude to the diameter of a Spar or column of a deep draft semisubmersible. Aramid Rope: Rope made of aromatic polyamide fiber, which has higher strength and stiffness than polyester rope. The issue of axial compression fatigue needs to be addressed. Aver
