1、Guide to Simplified Design for Reinforced Concrete Buildings(For Buildings of Limited Size and Height, based on ACI 318-14 and ACI IPS-1, “Essential Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Buildings”)Reported by ACI Committee 314ACI 314R-16First PrintingJune 2016Errata as of June 23, 2016ISBN: 978-1-94
2、2727-93-4Guide to Simplified Design for Reinforced Concrete BuildingsCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and stora
3、ge media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that ma
4、y be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI via the errata website at http:/concrete.org/Publications/DocumentErrata.aspx. Proper use of this document includes periodicall
5、y checking for errata for the most up-to-date revisions.ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains
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9、he user must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards.Participation by
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11、ctronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: +1.248.848.3700Fax:
12、+1.248.848.3701www.concrete.orgACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content
13、and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this documen
14、t shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.ACI 314R-16 supersedes ACI 314R-11 and became effective Ju
15、ne 2016.Copyright 2016, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reprod
16、uc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.1ACI 314R-16Guide to Simplified Design for Reinforced Concrete Buildings(For Buildings of Limited Size and Height, based on ACI 318-14 and ACI IPS-1, “Essential
17、Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Buildings”)Reported by ACI Committee 314Michael C. Mota, Chair Esteban Anzola, SecretaryJohn AidooIyad M. AlsamsamJoAnn P. BrowningJames R. CagleyOmar D. CardonaJulian CarrilloW. Gene CorleyOm P. DixitDavid A. FanellaYosef FarbiarzLuis E. GarcaJose M. Izquierdo-E
18、ncarnacinMahmoud E. KamaraJason J. KrohnJames S. LaiLionel A. LemayAndres LepageAdolfo B. MatamorosMustafa MahamidLila Gabriela Mendez FlorezJaveed MunshiT. George MusteRonald L. OKaneGuney OzcebeViral B. PatelSantiago PujolWilliam E. Rushing Jr.Guillermo SantanaJorge I. SeguraLarbi M. SennourDorian
19、 P. TungJairo UribeThis guide presents simplified methods and design techniques that facilitate and speed the engineering of low-rise buildings within certain limitations. Material is presented in an order that follows typical design process with procedures introduced as the designer will need them
20、in the course of a building design. Much of the information presented in this guide is derived from ACI 318, ASCE 7, and the 2015 International Building Code (IBC) (International Code Council 2015). The quality and testing of materials used in construction are covered by references to the appropriat
21、e ASTM standard specifications.Whereas many of the tables, charts, and values included in this guide originated from the aforementioned reference documents, they have been modified or reorganized to be more conservative, to match design process flow, or better support the holistic and simpli-fied de
22、sign approach presented.Although this guide is not written in mandatory language, the information is presented in such a manner that a structure designed following this guide will, in principle, comply with the codes and standards on which it was based. Although this guide is written in nonmandatory
23、 language, it is meant to be applied as a whole, because the simplified provisions are interdependent, and it would be unsafe to employ only a portion of this guide and disregard the remainder. This guide is not a code and is not deemed to satisfy ACI 318, ASCE 7, and the International Building Code
24、 (International Code Council 2015). This guide is expected to be especially useful in the education and training of engineers in reinforced concrete design of low-rise structures of small to medium floor areas.There are many options within these standards that are not considered in this guide, such
25、as the use of supplementary cementi-tious materials in concrete mixtures. As this guide will be used as a design aid, it is the licensed design professionals responsibility to ensure that the structure design satisfies the requirements of ACI 318, ASCE 7, the International Building Code (Internation
26、al Code Council 2015), and the legal requirements of the local jurisdiction. The original draft of the guide, published as ACI IPS-1 (2002), was produced by a Joint Committee of Instituto Colombiano de Normas Tcnicas y Certificacin (Colombian Institute for Technical Stan-dards and Certification) (IC
27、ONTEC) and Asociacin Colombiana de Ingeniera Ssmica (Colombian Association for Earthquake Engineering) (AIS).The initial drafting of ACI IPS-1 (2002) was motivated by frequent worldwide discussions that reinforced concrete codes might be unnecessarily sophisticated for some applications, such as sma
28、ll low-rise buildings. Current knowledge of reinforced concrete behavior obtained through experimentation and experi-Special acknowledgment to J. P. Browning, L. E. Garca, J. M. Izquierdo-Encarnacin, J. S. Lai, M. C. Mota, S. Pujol, and J. I. Segura for their contributions to this guide.This documen
29、t is dedicated to the memory of late subcommittee member W. Gene Corley.American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.org2 GUIDE TO SIMPLIFIED DESIGN FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS (ACI 314R-16)ence, and its status and dissemination as a structural material used worldwide, made de
30、veloping a simplified design and construction guide feasible. This guide used ACI IPS-1 (2002) as a basis, with information derived from ACI 318, ASCE 7, and the International Building Code (International Code Council 2015).This guide presents simplified approaches to assist engineers in designing l
31、ow-rise buildings within certain limitations, in addition to the following:(a) Information on the order needed in the course of a design(b) Explanatory material at appropriate places(c) Computations only requiring a hand calculator(d) Graphs and graphical explanations(e) Design information based on
32、simplified strength models(f) Other limit states accounted for by minimum dimensions(g) Conservative loads and simplified analysis guidelines(h) Simplified geotechnical information to help define soil-bearing capacity(i) Shear walls as the seismic-force-resisting system(j) Material and construction
33、guidelines based on commonly available steel grades and medium-strength concrete that can be site mixed.Keywords: concrete quality; foundation design; frame analysis; inspection; low-rise building construction; low-rise structure; mixing; placing; section analysis; seismic design; simplified design;
34、 specifications; structure design; structure layout.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1GENERAL, p. 31.1Scope, p. 31.2Purpose, p. 31.3Limitations, p. 31.4Supporting codes and standards, p. 41.5Design and construction procedure, p. 51.6Limit states, p. 61.7Strength design, p. 61.8Serviceability design, p. 7CHAPTER 2NOT
35、ATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 72.1Notation, p. 72.2Definitions, p. 10CHAPTER 3STRUCTURAL SYSTEM LAYOUT, p. 143.1Description of structural components, p. 143.2General, p. 153.3Structural layout, p. 153.4Feasibility of guide usage, p. 16CHAPTER 4LOADS, p. 164.1General, p. 164.2Load factors and load combin
36、ations, p. 164.3Mass and weight, p. 174.4Weight of materials, p. 174.5Dead loads, p. 174.6Live loads, p. 214.8Rain load, p. 224.9Snow load, p. 224.10Wind loads, p. 224.12Soil weight and lateral pressure, p. 264.13Lateral loads, p. 264.14Lateral-force-resisting system, p. 274.15Minimum amount of rein
37、forced concrete structural walls, p. 29CHAPTER 5GENERAL REINFORCED CONCRETE INFORMATION, p. 315.1Scope, p. 315.2Materials for reinforced concrete, p. 315.3Minimum and maximum reinforcing bar diameter, p. 315.5Minimum reinforcement bend diameter, p. 325.8Development length, lap splicing, and anchorag
38、e of reinforcement, p. 345.9Longitudinal reinforcement, p. 345.10Transverse reinforcement, p. 355.11Flexure, p. 355.12Axial loads with or without flexure, p. 365.13Shear, p. 375.14Bearing, p. 39CHAPTER 6FLOOR SYSTEMS, p. 396.1Types of floor systems, p. 396.2Selection of floor system, p. 426.3Structu
39、ral integrity, p. 426.4One-way and two-way load paths, p. 426.5Minimum depth for floor system members, p. 426.6Trial dimensions for floor system, p. 446.7Floor finish, p. 446.8Ducts, shafts, openings, and embedded piping, p. 44CHAPTER 7SOLID SLABS SUPPORTED ON GIRDERS, BEAMS, JOISTS, OR REINFORCED C
40、ONCRETE WALLS, p. 457.1General, p. 457.2Loads, p. 457.3Reinforcement details, p. 457.4Shear strength, p. 477.5Slab between joists, p. 477.6Cantilevers of slabs supported on girders, beams, or walls, p. 487.7One-way, single-span solid slabs spanning between girders, beams, or reinforced concrete wall
41、s, p. 497.8One-way solid slabs supported on girders, beams, or walls with two or more spans, p. 507.9Two-way solid slabs spanning between girders, beams, or reinforced concrete walls, p. 51CHAPTER 8GIRDERS, BEAMS, AND JOISTS, p. 598.1General, p. 598.2Loads, p. 598.3Reinforcement types, p. 598.4Longi
42、tudinal reinforcement, p. 608.5Transverse reinforcement, p. 648.6Joists and beams supported by girders, p. 668.7Girders that are part of a frame, p. 70American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.orgGUIDE TO SIMPLIFIED DESIGN FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS (ACI 314R-16) 3CHAPTER
43、9SLAB-COLUMN SYSTEMS, p. 729.1General, p. 729.2Loads, p. 729.3Dimensional limits, p. 739.4Reinforcement details, p. 749.5Shear strength, p. 769.6Minimum slab thickness as required by punching shear, p. 779.7Minimum slab thickness as required by beam action, p. 779.8Flexure, p. 789.9Calculation of su
44、pport reactions, p. 80CHAPTER 10COLUMNS, p. 8010.1General, p. 8010.2Loads, p. 8010.3Dimensional limits, p. 8110.4Reinforcement details, p. 8210.5Flexure, p. 8610.6Shear, p. 8610.7Calculation of foundation reaction, p. 87CHAPTER 11SEISMIC RESISTANCE, p. 8711.1Special reinforcement details for seismic
45、 zones, p. 8711.2Interaction with nonstructural elements, p. 93CHAPTER 12REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS, p. 9412.1General, p. 9412.2Loads, p. 9412.3Dimensional limits, p. 9512.4Reinforcement details, p. 9512.5Flexure, p. 9712.6Shear, p. 9712.7Calculation of reactions at the foundation, p. 9712.8Core wall
46、s, p. 98CHAPTER 13OTHER STRUCTURAL MEMBERS, p. 9813.1Stairways and ramps, p. 9813.2Small water tanks (for potable water storage), p. 100CHAPTER 14FOUNDATIONS, p. 10114.1Soil investigation, p. 10114.2Allowable soil-bearing capacity, p. 10114.3Settlement criteria, p. 10214.4Dimensioning foundation mem
47、bers, p. 10214.5Spread footings, p. 10214.6Wall footings, p. 10614.7Combined footings, p. 10714.8Piles and caissons, p. 10814.9Footings on piles, p. 10814.10Foundation mats, p. 10814.11Retaining walls, p. 11014.12Grade beams (foundation beams), p. 11414.13Slabs-on-ground, p. 115CHAPTER 15DRAWINGS AN
48、D SPECIFICATIONS, p. 11515.1General, p. 11515.2Structural drawings, p. 11615.3Project specifications, p. 117CHAPTER 16CONSTRUCTION, p. 11716.1Introduction, p. 11716.2Concrete mixture proportioning, p. 11816.4Concrete mixing and transportation, p. 12016.5Concrete strength evaluation, p. 12216.6Concre
49、te curing, p. 12316.7Form removal, p. 123CHAPTER 17REFERENCES, p. 124APPENDIX ACOMPARISON OF ACI 314R-16 TO ACI 318-14, INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (2015), AND ASCE 7-10, p. 125CHAPTER 1GENERAL1.1ScopeThis guide is intended for the planning, design, and construction of reinforced concrete structures in new low-rise buildings of restricted occupancy, number of stories, and area. Although the information presented was developed to produce,
