1、ACI 522R-10Reported by ACI Committee 522Report on Pervious Concrete(Reapproved 2011)Report on Pervious ConcreteFirst PrintingMarch 2010ISBN 978-0-87031-364-6American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved.
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10、he annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 522R-10 supersedes ACI 522R-06 and was adopted and published March2010.Copyright 2010, American Concrete
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14、r any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation bythe Architect/Enginee
15、r.Report on Pervious ConcreteReported by ACI Committee 522ACI 522R-10(Reapproved 2011)This report provides technical information on pervious concretes application,design methods, materials, properties, mixture proportioning, constructionmethods, testing, and inspection.The term “pervious concrete” t
16、ypically describes a near-zero-slump,open-graded material consisting of portland cement, coarse aggregate,little or no fine aggregate, admixtures, and water. The combination ofthese ingredients will produce a hardened material with connected pores,ranging in size from 0.08 to 0.32 in. (2 to 8 mm), t
17、hat allow water to passthrough easily. The void content can range from 15 to 35%, with typicalcompressive strengths of 400 to 4000 psi (2.8 to 28 MPa). The drainagerate of pervious concrete pavement will vary with aggregate size anddensity of the mixture, but will generally fall into the range of 2
18、to 18 gal./min/ft2(81 to 730 L/min/m2). Pervious concrete is widely recognized as asustainable building material, as it reduces stormwater runoff, improvesstormwater quality, may recharge groundwater supplies, and can reducethe impact of the urban heat island effect.Keywords: construction; design; d
19、rainage; green building; LEEDcredit;permeability; pervious concrete pavement; stormwater; sustainability; testing.CONTENTSChapter 1Introduction and scope, p. 21.1Introduction1.2ScopeChapter 2Notation and definitions, p. 32.1Notation2.2DefinitionsChapter 3Applications, p. 33.1General3.2Building appli
20、cations: history3.3Pavement applications3.4Other applicationsChapter 4Materials, p. 64.1General4.2Aggregates4.3Cementitious materials4.4Water4.5AdmixturesChapter 5Properties, p. 75.1General5.2Compressive strengthWilliam L. Arent Scott Erickson John R. Love III Thomas RozsitsBob J. Banka Dale Fisher
21、Darmawan Ludirdja George W. SeegebrechtWilliam D. Brant Walter Flood Allen Luke David M. SuchorskiHeather J. Brown Bruce A. Glaspey Brian Lutey Diep T. TuJavier Casto Liv Haselbach Kamyar C. Mahboub Christopher TullManoj Chopra Omer Heracklis Andrew Marks Robert Louis VarnerJohn Cook Daniel J. Huffm
22、an Luis Mata W. Jason WeissMichael S. Davy John Kevern Narayanan Neithalath Kevin WolfNorbert J. Delatte Frank Lennox Oon-Soo Ooi Peter T. YenAly Ibrahim Eldarwish Milan Lipensky Joseph E. RottmanMatthew A. OffenbergChairDon J. WadeVice ChairCharles A. Weiss Jr.Secretary2 REPORT ON PERVIOUS CONCRETE
23、 (ACI 522R-10)American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.org5.3Flexural strength5.4Void content/density5.5Pore sizes5.6Percolation rate5.7Durability5.8Toughness5.9Acoustic absorptionChapter 6Pervious concrete mixture proportioning, p. 126.1General6.2Materials6.3Water-cementitious m
24、aterial ratio6.4Void content6.5Amount of coarse aggregate6.6Paste volume, cement, and water contents 6.7Proportioning procedure6.8 Typical ranges of materialsChapter 7Pervious pavement design, p. 157.1Introduction7.2Structural design7.3Stormwater management design7.4Other considerationsChapter 8Perv
25、ious pavement construction, p. 208.1General construction principles8.2Subgrade/subbase preparation 8.3Placing8.4Consolidation8.5Jointing8.6Curing and protection8.7Cold weather protection8.8Hot weather protection8.9Repairing pervious concrete pavements8.10MaintenanceChapter 9Quality control inspectio
26、n and testing, p. 269.1General9.2Preconstruction inspection and testing9.3Inspection and testing during construction9.4Post-construction inspection and testingChapter 10Performance, p. 2710.1General10.2Changes in infiltration rates10.3Structural distress10.4Surface distress10.5Resistance to freezing
27、 and thawingChapter 11Limitations, potential applications, and research needs, p. 2911.1Pervious concrete in cold climates11.2Strength determinations and limitations11.3Characterization of the material structure 11.4Freezing-and-thawing and cold climate applications11.5Porous grout11.6Stormwater man
28、agement11.7Environmental filtering/remediation potential11.8Surface deterioration and repair11.9Development and standardization of broadertesting methods11.10Non-destructive determination of performanceand properties11.11Urban heat island effect, carbonation, and otherthermal properties11.12Other no
29、vel applications and usesChapter 12The environment and pervious concrete, p. 3312.1Pervious concrete and the LEED green buildingrating systemChapter 13References, p. 3613.1Referenced standards and reports13.2Cited referencesCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE1.1IntroductionThis report provides technical
30、 information on perviousconcretes application, design methods, materials, properties,mixture proportioning, construction methods, testing, andinspection.The term “pervious concrete” typically describes a near-zero-slump, open-graded material consisting of portlandcement, coarse aggregate, little or
31、no fine aggregate,admixtures, and water. The combination of these ingredientswill produce a hardened material with connected pores(Fig. 1.1), ranging in size from 0.08 to 0.32 in. (2 to 8 mm),that allow water to pass through easily. The void content canrange from 15 to 35%, with typical compressive
32、strengths of400 to 4000 psi (2.8 to 28 MPa). The drainage rate ofpervious concrete pavement will vary with aggregate sizeand density of the mixture, but will generally fall into therange of 2 to 18 gal./min/ft2(81 to 730 L/min/m2) or 192 to1724 in./h (0.14 to 1.22 cm/s).1.2ScopeConcern has been grow
33、ing in recent years toward reducingthe pollutants in water supplies and the environment. In theFig. 1.1Pervious concrete pavement texture on parking lot.PERVIOUS CONCRETE 522R-31960s, engineers realized that runoff from developed realestate had the potential to pollute surface and groundwatersupplie
34、s. Further, as land is developed, runoff leaves the sitein higher rates and volumes, leading to downstream floodingand bank erosion. Pervious concrete pavement reduces theimpact of development by reducing or eliminating storm-water runoff rates and protecting water supplies.CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEF
35、INITIONS2.1NotationA = area of the pavement, acre (m2)b = solid volume of coarse aggregate in a unit volumeof concrete, ft3(m3)bo= solid volume of coarse aggregate in a unit volumeof coarse aggregate, ft3(m3)b/bo= dry-rodded volume of coarse aggregate in a unitvolume of concreteC = runoff coefficien
36、tc = cement content, lb (kg)d1= thickness of the pavement, ft (m)d2= thickness of the subgrade, ft (m)fc = specified compressive strength of concrete, psi(MPa)fr= modulus of rupture of concrete, psi (MPa)t = time, secondsh1= initial head, in. (mm)h2= final head, in. (mm)k = permeability, in./s (mm/s
37、)p1= percentage of void space in the pavementp2= percentage of void space in the subgradeR = pressure reflection coefficientVa= aggregate volume, ft3(m3)Vc= cement volume, ft3(m3)VP= paste volume; total of cement and water volume,ft3(m3)Vp= available storage in pavement, ft3(m3)Vr= required storage
38、volume, ft3(m3)Vs= available storage in subgrade, ft3(m3)Vs= total solid volume of aggregate, cement, andwater, ft3(m3)Vtot= total volume, ft3(m3)Vw= water volume, ft3(m3)Wa= dry aggregate weight, lb (kg)Wssd= saturated surface-dry weight, lb (kg)w = water content, lb (kg) = absorption coefficient2.
39、2DefinitionsACI provides a comprehensive list of acceptable definitionsthrough an online resource, “ACI Concrete Terminology,”http:/terminology.concrete.org. Definitions provided herecomplement that resource.concrete, pervioushydraulic cement concrete propor-tioned with sufficient interconnected voi
40、ds that result in ahighly permeable material, allowing water to readily pass.impervious areaan area covered by a material thatprevents precipitation from infiltrating soils and recharginggroundwater supplies.pavement, perviousa pavement comprising materialwith sufficient continuous voids to allow wa
41、ter to pass fromthe surface to the underlying layers.percolation ratethe rate, usually expressed as inchesper hour or inches per day, at which water moves throughpervious concrete.porositythe volume of open and connected interstitialvoid space in pervious concrete.ravelingthe wearing away of the con
42、crete surfacecaused by the dislodging of aggregate particles.runoffwater from rain or snow that is not absorbed intothe ground but instead flows over less pervious surfaces intostreams and rivers.surface coursethe top layer of a concrete pavementstructure.void contentthe ratio of the volume of voids
43、, includingboth entrapped and entrained air, to the total volumeexpressed as a percentage.CHAPTER 3APPLICATIONS3.1GeneralPervious concrete has been used in a wide range ofapplications, including:Pervious pavement for parking lots (Fig. 3.1);Rigid drainage layers under exterior mall areas;Greenhouse
44、floors to keep the floor free of standing water;Structural wall applications where lightweight or betterthermal insulation characteristics, or both, are required; Pavements, walls, and floors where better acousticabsorption characteristics are desired;Base course for streets, roads, driveways, and a
45、irports;Surface course for parks and tennis courts;Floors for zoo areas and animal barns and stalls;Bridge embankments;Swimming pool decks;Fig. 3.1Parking lot built with pervious concrete pavement.522R-4 ACI COMMITTEE REPORTBeach structures and seawalls;Sewage treatment plant sludge beds;Solar energ
46、y storage systems;Wall linings for drilled water wells; andArtificial reefs where the open structure of perviousconcrete mimics the reef structure.Typically, unreinforced pervious concrete is used in allthese applications because of the high risk of reinforcingsteel corrosion due to the open pore st
47、ructure of the material.3.2Building applications: historyPervious concrete has been used in building constructionsince at least the middle of the nineteenth century (Francis1965). Throughout this chapter, the term “pervious concrete”is used to describe the material, but in the references and histor-
48、ically, it may have been described as no-fines concrete orgap-graded concrete. European countries have used perviousconcrete in different modes: cast-in-place load-bearing wallsin single- and multistory houses and, in some instances, inhigh-rise buildings, prefabricated panels, and steam-curedblocks
49、. In 1852, pervious concrete was first used in theconstruction of two houses in the United Kingdom (UK). Thisconcrete consisted of only coarse gravel and cement. It is notmentioned in the published literature again until 1923, when agroup of 50 two-story houses were built with clinker aggregatein Edinburgh, Scotland. In the late 1930s, the ScottishSpecial Housing Association Limited adopted the use ofpervious concrete for residential construction. By 1942,pervious concrete had been u
