1、ACI 549.4R-13Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Systems for Repair and Strengthening Concrete and Masonry StructuresReported by ACI Committee 549First PrintingDecember 2013Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRCM Syste
2、ms for Repair and Strengthening Concrete and Masonry StructuresCopyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage med
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12、w.concrete.orgISBN: 978-0-87031-852-8American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeFabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems forrepairing and strengthening concrete and masonry structures arean alternative to traditional techniques such as fiber-reinforcedpolymers (FRPs), steel p
13、late bonding, section enlargement, andexternal post-tensioning. An FRCM is a composite materialconsisting of one or more layers of cement-based matrix reinforcedwith dry fibers in the form of open mesh or fabric. The cement-basedmatrixes are typically made of combinations of portland cement,silica f
14、ume, and fly ash as the binder. When adhered to concreteor masonry structural members, they form an FRCM system thatacts as supplemental, externally bonded reinforcement. This guideaddresses the history and use of FRCM system repair and strength-ening; their unique material properties; and recommend
15、ations ontheir design, construction, and inspection. Guidelines are based onexperimental research, analytical work, and field applications.Keywords: bridges; buildings; cracking; cyclic loading; deflection; devel-opment length; earthquake-resistant; fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix;fatigue; fib
16、er-reinforced polymer; flexure; lap splices; masonry; meshes;mortar matrix; shear; stress; structural analysis; structural design; substrate repair; surface preparation; unreinforced masonry.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 21.1Introduction, p. 21.2Scope, p. 3CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINIT
17、IONS, p. 32.1Notation, p. 32.2Definitions, p. 4CHAPTER 3BACKGROUND, p. 43.1FRCM systems advantages and disadvantages, p. 43.2Historical development, p. 53.3Commercially available FRCM systems, p. 11CHAPTER 4FIELD APPLICATION EXAMPLES, p. 114.1Concrete repair applications, p. 114.2Masonry repair appl
18、ications, p. 14CHAPTER 5FRCM CONSTITUENT MATERIALS AND SYSTEM QUALIFICATIONS, p. 155.1Constituent materials, p. 155.2Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix system quali -fication, p. 16ACI 549.4R-13Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Syst
19、ems for Repair and Strengthening Concrete and Masonry StructuresReported by ACI Committee 549John Jones, Chair Corina-Maria AldeaP. N. BalaguruHiram Price Ball Jr.Nemkumar BanthiaGordon B. BatsonNeeraj J. BuchCesar ChanJames I. DanielAntonio De LucaAshish DubeyGarth J. FallisGraham T. GilbertAntonio
20、 J. GuerraJames R. McConaghyBarzin MobasherAntoine E. NaamanAntonio Nanni*Alva PeledD. V. ReddyPaul T. SarnstromScott ShaferSurendra P. ShahYixin ShaoRobert C. ZellersConsulting MembersLloyd E. HackmanPaul NedwellP. ParamasivamParviz SoroushianRonald F. Zollo*Chair of the subcommittee that prepared
21、this document.Members of the subcommittee that prepared this document,The Committee thanks Associate Member J. Gustavo Tumialan for his contribution.1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This documen
22、t is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the
23、stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in ma
24、ndatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.ACI 549.4R-13 was adopted and published December 2013.Copyright 2013, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process
25、, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.5.3Physical and mechanical properties, p. 165.4Durabil
26、ity, p. 17CHAPTER 6SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND HANDLING, p. 176.1Shipping, p. 176.2Storage, p. 176.3Handling, p. 17CHAPTER 7INSTALLATION, p. 177.1Contractor qualifications, p. 177.2Environmental considerations, p. 187.3Equipment, p. 187.4Substrate repair and surface preparation, p. 187.5Mixing of mortar
27、matrix, p. 187.6Application of FRCM systems, p. 187.7Alignment of FRCM reinforcement, p. 197.8Multiple meshes and lap splices, p. 197.9Curing of mortar matrix, p. 197.10Temporary protection, p. 19CHAPTER 8INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND ACCEPTANCE, p. 198.1Inspection, p. 198.2Evaluation and acceptance,
28、p. 20CHAPTER 9MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR, p. 209.1General, p. 209.2Inspection and assessment, p. 209.3Repair of strengthening system, p. 209.4Repair of surface coating, p. 21CHAPTER 10GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRENGTHENED WITH FRCM, p. 2110.1Design philosophy, p. 2110.2Stren
29、gthening limits, p. 2110.3Selection of FRCM system, p. 2110.4Design properties, p. 21CHAPTER 11STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS WITH FRCM, p. 2111.1FRCM contribution to flexural strength, p. 2111.2Shear strengthening, p. 2211.3Strengthening for axial force, p. 2311.4Design axial strength
30、, p. 24CHAPTER 12GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR MASONRY STRENGTHENED WITH FRCM, p. 2412.1Design philosophy, p. 2412.2Strengthening limits, p. 2512.3Design properties, p. 25CHAPTER 13STRENGTHENING OF MASONRY WALLS WITH FRCM, p. 2513.1Out-of-plane loads, p. 2513.2In-plane loads, p. 26CHAPTER 14FRCM
31、 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS, p. 2614.1Bond and delamination, p. 26CHAPTER 15DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND SUBMITTALS, p. 2715.1Engineering requirements, p. 2715.2Drawings and specifications, p. 2715.3Submittals, p. 27CHAPTER 16DESIGN EXAMPLES, p. 2916.1Flexural strengthening of interior RC slab, p. 3016.
32、2Flexural strengthening of RC bridge deck (soffit), p. 3816.3Shear strengthening of RC T-beam, p. 4516.4Shear strengthening of RC column, p. 4816.5Axial strengthening of RC column subject to pure compression, p. 5116.6Flexural strengthening of unreinforced masonry (URM) wall subjected to out-of-plan
33、e loads, p. 5416.7Shear strengthening of URM wall subjected to in-plane loads, p. 59CHAPTER 17REFERENCES, p. 64Cited references, p. 64APPENDIX ACONSTITUENT MATERIALS PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FRCM SYSTEMS, p. 69APPENDIX BDESIGN LIMITATIONS, p. 69CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE1.1Introduct
34、ionFabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) compos-ites have recently emerged as a viable technology for repairing and strengthening concrete and masonry struc-tures. The repair, retrofit, and rehabilitation of existing concrete and masonry structures has traditionally been accomplished using ne
35、w and conventional materials and construction techniques, including externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems, steel plates, reinforced concrete (RC) overlays, and post-tensioning.The primary reasons for considering FRCM as a suitable strengthening material stems from the cementitious
36、 matrix that shows properties of:a) Inherent heat resistanceb) Compatibility with the substrate (that is, allows vapor permeability and application on a wet surface)c) Long-term durabilityFRCM is a system where all constituents are developed and tested as a unique combination and should not be creat
37、ed by randomly selecting and mixing products available in the marketplace.American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.org2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERNALLY BONDED FRCM SYSTEMS (ACI 549.4R-13)ICC Evaluation Services (ICC-ES) first addressed accep-tance criteria for cement-based
38、matrix fabric composite systems for reinforced and unreinforced masonry in 2003. In 2013, this document was expanded and superseded by AC434-13, which provides guidance for evaluation and char-acterization of FRCM systems. AC434-13 was developed in consultation with industry, academia, and other par
39、ties. For FRCM manufacturers, AC434-13 establishes guidelines for the necessary tests and calculations required to receive a product research report from ICC-ES. Once received, the evaluated system can be accepted by code officials under Section 104.11.1 of the International Building Code (IBC 2012)
40、. Section 104.11.1 allows research reports to be used as a source of information to show building code compliance of alternative materials.1.2ScopeThis guide covers FRCM composite systems used to strengthen existing concrete and masonry structures, providing background information and field applicat
41、ions; FRCM material properties; axial, flexural, and shear capaci-ties of the FRCM-strengthened structures; and structural design procedures.CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS2.1NotationAc= net cross-sectional area of compression member, in.2(mm2)Ae= area of effectively confined concrete, in.2(mm2)Af
42、= area of mesh reinforcement by unit width, in.2/in. (mm2/mm)Ag= gross cross-sectional area of compression member, in.2(mm2)As= area of longitudinal steel reinforcement, in.2(mm2)b = short side dimension of compression member with rectangular cross section, in. (mm)bw= web width, in. (mm)D = diamete
43、r of compression member, in. (mm)d = distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, in. (mm)df= effective depth of the FRCM shear reinforcement, in. (mm)E2= slope of linear portion of stress-strain model for FRCM-confined concrete, psi (MPa)Ec= modulus of elasticity of
44、 concrete, psi (MPa)Ef= tensile modulus of elasticity of cracked FRCM (Avg.), psi (MPa)Ef*= tensile modulus of elasticity of uncracked FRCM (Avg.), psi (MPa)fc= compressive stress in concrete, psi (MPa)fc = specified compressive strength of concrete, psi (MPa)fcc = maximum compressive strength of co
45、nfined concrete, psi (MPa)ffd= design tensile strength (Effd), psi (MPa)ffe= effective tensile stress level in FRCM attained at failure, psi (MPa)fft= transition stress corresponding to transition point, psi (MPa)ffu= ultimate tensile strength of FRCM (Avg.), psi (MPa)ffv= design tensile strength of
46、 FRCM shear reinforce-ment, psi (MPa)ffs= tensile stress in FRCM reinforcement under service load, psi (MPa)fl= maximum confining pressure due to FRCM jacket, psi (MPa)fss= tensile stress in the steel reinforcement under service load, psi (MPa)fy= steel tensile yield strength, psi (MPa)Hw= height of
47、 masonry wall, in. (mm)h = long side dimension of compression member with rectangular cross section, in. (mm)L = length of wall in direction of applied shear force, in. (mm)df= critical length to develop bond capacity of FRCM, in. (mm)Mcr= cracking moment of unstrengthened member, in.-lbf (N-mm)Mf=
48、contribution of FRCM to nominal flexural strength, in.-lbf (N-mm)Mm= contribution of reinforced masonry to nominal flex-ural strength, in.-lbf (N-mm)Mn= nominal flexural strength, in.-lbf (N-mm)Ms= contribution of steel reinforcement to nominal flex-ural strength, in.-lbf (N-mm)n = number of layers
49、of mesh reinforcementPn= nominal axial strength, lbf (N)r = radius of edges of a rectangular cross section confined with FRCM, in. (mm)Vc= contribution of concrete to nominal shear strength, lbf (N)Vf= contribution of FRCM to nominal shear strength, lbf (N)Vm= contribution of (unreinforced or reinforced) masonry to nominal shear strength, lbf (N)Vn= nominal shear strength, lbf (N)Vs= contribution of steel reinforcement to nominal shear strength, lbf (N)t = thickness of masonry wall in. (mm)c= compress
