1、Standard Specification for Lime for Soil Stabilization AASHTO Designation: M 216-13 ASTM Designation: C977-10 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-3a M 216-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Lime for Soi
2、l Stabilization AASHTO Designation: M 216-13 ASTM Designation: C977-10 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in stabilization of soils. (See Notes 1 and 2.) Note 1Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay
3、soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles, which improves load-bearing properties, and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical re
4、action. Note 2No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these materials could be better determined on a local basis. 1.2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with it
5、s use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. ASTM Standards: C25, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quickl
6、ime, and Hydrated Lime C50/C50M, Standard Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products C51, Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry) C110, Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime,
7、and Limestone D6276, Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization 3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 3.1. Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Definitions of Terms, ASTM C51. 3.2. Quicklime and hyd
8、rated lime for soil stabilization shall conform to the following chemical composition: Calcium and magnesium oxides (on a nonvolatile basis, minimum percent) 90.0 Carbon dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum percent) 5.0 Free moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum percent) 2.0 20
9、15 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 216-2 AASHTO 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4.1. Hydrated lime shall have not more than 3 percent retained on a No. 30 (0.590-mm) sieve and not more than 25
10、percent retained on a No. 200 (0.075-mm) sieve. 4.2. Quicklime: 4.2.1. Particle Size of QuicklimeQuicklime shall all pass a 1.0-in. (25.4-mm) sieve. 4.2.2. Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a temperature rise of a minimum of 30C in 20 min. 4.2.3. Residue of QuicklimeQuicklime for soil stab
11、ilization shall have not more than 10 percent residue. 5. FIELD APPLICATIONS 5.1. When quicklime is used, ensure that thorough mixing of the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles have been hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformly throughout the soil. There shall be no li
12、me pebbles present before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visible lime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting. 5.2. For hydrated lime, additional water shall be ad
13、ded to the lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distribution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be no lime clumps present before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervals and inspecting for visible lime clumps. Care
14、 should be exercised on initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting.16. TEST METHOD 6.1. The chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated lime shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C25. (See Appendix X1.) 6.2. The particle size of hydrated lime shall be determined in accordance wi
15、th the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in accordance with ASTM C110. 6.3. The quicklime temperature rise and residue should be determined in accordance with the Slaking Rate of Quicklime in ASTM C110. 6.4. Appendix X1 contains a nonmandatory test to approximate the lime-soil proportion for stabiliza
16、tion. A more detailed version of this test appears in ASTM D6276. 7. SAMPLING, INSPECTION, PACKAGING, AND MARKING 7.1. The sampling, inspection, rejection, retesting, packaging, and marking shall be done in accordance with ASTM C50/C50M. 8. KEYWORDS 8.1. Highway construction; hydrated lime; lime-tre
17、ated soils; load-bearing; quicklime; soil stabilization. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-3a M 216-3 AASHTO APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. METHOD FOR DETERMINING STABILIZATION
18、ABILITY OF LIME X1.1. This test method usually provides a lime-soil proportion for stabilization. It gives an indication whether the soil in question can be stabilized. For most stabilization work, the results of this test should be verified by performance tests in a soil laboratory. X1.2. Air dry a
19、 sufficient quantity of the soil to be tested and screen through a No. 40 (425-m) sieve. Store in a closed container to maintain uniform moisture. Determine the mass, to the nearest 0.1 g, of a series of 20-g samples of soil and place in separate 150-mL containers with watertight lids. X1.3. In the
20、case of quicklime, rapidly crush the lime to pass a No. 6 (3.35-mm) sieve. X1.4. Determine the mass, to the nearest 0.01 g, of a series of quantities of lime equivalent to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 percent of the soil sample. X1.5. Add the lime quantity to the soil sample, mark the container with the approp
21、riate percentage, and mix the dry contents thoroughly. X1.6. Add the 100 mL of 70F carbon dioxidefree distilled water or, if possible, 70F actual water to be used on the job to each container of soil and lime. Seal with a screw-cap lid, and mix the three components by shaking the bottles. Shake each
22、 bottle for 30 s every 10 min for 1 h. After 1 h, shake vigorously and transfer part of the slurry into a beaker. Measure the pH with a low-sodium error glass electrode (previously standardized to pH 12.45 with an agitated calcium hydroxide slurry). Record the pH reading for each mixture. X1.7. If t
23、he pH readings are 12.40 or higher, the lowest percentage that gives a pH of 12.40 is the percent required to stabilize the soil. If the pH readings do not go beyond a pH of 12.30 and 2 percentages give this reading, the lowest percent to give a pH of 12.30 is the percent required to stabilize the s
24、oil. If the highest pH reading is a pH of 12.30 and only the highest percentage lime used gives a pH of 12.30, additional testing is required using higher percentages of lime. 1Further information on soil stabilization construction technique is available from National Lime Association Bulletin No. 326, 200 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA, 22203. This information can be accessed online at www.lime.org. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
