1、Standard Specification for Turnbuckles and Shackles AASHTO Designation: M 269-96 (2013) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4d M 269-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Turnbuckles and Shackles AASHTO D
2、esignation: M 269-96 (2013) 1. SCOPE 1.1. ScopeThis specification covers forged turnbuckles, with and without jam nuts, and shackles for guardrail, sign supports, and similar uses. These items are considered to be available commercially. Not all classes, styles, and types of turnbuckles and shackles
3、 that are available commercially are covered by this specification. 1.2. Classification: 1.2.1. Turnbuckles: 1.2.1.1. TypeTurnbuckles covered by this specification shall be forged and of the design specified by the purchaser. 1.2.1.2. SizesTurnbuckles covered by this specification shall be of the si
4、zes listed in Table 2, as specified. 1.2.2. Shackles: 1.2.2.1. Shackles shall be one of the classes in Table 1, as specified by the purchaser. Table 1Classes of Shackles Class 1Screw-pin anchor shackles Class 2Screw-pin chain shackles Class 3Oval-pin chain shackles Class 4Round-pin anchor shackles C
5、lass 5Round-pin chain shackles Class 6Bolt-type anchor shackles 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 102M/M 102, Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for General Industrial Use M 169, Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-F
6、inished M 232M/M 232, Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware T 65M/T 65, Mass Weight of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of app
7、licable law.TS-4d M 269-2 AASHTO 2.2. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard: Handbook H28, Screw Thread Standards for Federal Services 2.3. ANSI/ASME Standard: B18.2.2, Heavy Hex Jam Nuts 2.4. Military Standard: MIL-P-21035, Paint, High Zinc Dust Content, Galvanizing Repair
8、(Metric) 3. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 3.1. Materials: 3.1.1. TurnbucklesUnless otherwise specified, material for turnbuckles and end pulls shall comply with M 102M/M 102 and be of a grade that will meet the requirements of Table 2. Table 2Breaking Strength of Forged Turnbuckles (Complete with End Pu
9、lls) Size, Nominal Outside Diameter of Thread, mm (in.) Breaking Strength, kN (lb) Min Recommended Working Loads, kN (lb) Eye or Stub End Pulls, kN (lb) Eye or Stub End Pulls, kN (lb) 19.0 (3/4) 89.0 (20,000) 17.8 (4,000) 22.2 (7/8) 129.0 (29,000) 25.8 (5,800) 25.4 (1) 169.0 (38,000) 33.8 (7,600) 31
10、.8 (11/4) 266.9 (60,000) 53.4 (12,000) 34.9 (13/8) 320.3 (72,000) 64.0 (14,400) 38.1 (11/2) 378.1 (85,000) 75.6 (17,000) 44.4 (13/4) 511.5 (115,000) 102.3 (23,000) 50.8 (2) 667.2 (150,000) 133.4 (30,000) 57.2 (21/4) 876.3 (197,000) 175.2 (39,400) 3.1.2. ShacklesEach shackle, together with its pin or
11、 bolt, shall be forged at elevated temperature for final shape and size, in conformance with M 102M/M 102, Class AH. 3.2. Construction: 3.2.1. Turnbuckles: 3.2.1.1. MethodEach turnbuckle body and each end pull shall be forged at elevated temperature to final shape and size. 3.2.1.2. SizeTurnbuckles
12、covered by this specification shall be furnished in the sizes shown in Table 3, clear opening between heads, as specified. The size of turnbuckle bodies shall be the nominal major diameter of the threads in the heads and the clear opening between heads (which is approximately equal to the take-up);
13、thus, for a 19-by-152-mm (3/4-by-6-in.) turnbuckle body, the heads shall be threaded for a 19-mm (3/4-in.) nominal major-diameter end pull, and the clear opening between heads shall be 152 mm (6 in.). The difference between the actual clear opening in the turnbuckle body and the nominal value given
14、in Table 4 for the size specified shall not exceed 5 percent of the nominal value. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 269-3 AASHTO Table 3Turnbuckles Size Thread, Nominal Outside Dia
15、meter, mm (in.) Clear Opening between Head, mm (in.) 152.4 (6) 228.6 (9) 304.8 (12) 457.2 (18) 609.6 (24) 914.4 (36) 1219.2 (48) 19.0 (3/4) X X X X X 22.2 (7/8) X X X 25.4 (1) X X X X 31.8 (11/4) X X X X 38.1 (11/2) X X X X X 44.4 (13/4) X X X X 50.8 (2) X X X 57.2 (21/4) X X X 3.2.1.3. Length of He
16、adThe length of the heads of the turnbuckle bodies shall be not less than 1.5 times the nominal outside diameter of the end pull for sizes up to 31.8 mm (11/4in.), and 1.25 times for sizes 31.8 mm (11/4in.) and above. 3.2.1.4. ThreadTurnbuckle bodies and end pulls shall be threaded after fabrication
17、 to final size and shape. The threads in the heads of the turnbuckle bodies and on the end pulls shall comply with NIST H28 (National Institute of Standards and Technology Specification H28, Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services). Unified threads in the coarse (UNC) standard series (Table 5) s
18、hould be used. If the standard diameterpitch combinations are not suitable, the UNS threads with dimensions in accordance with NBS H28 should be used. Threads on the finished turnbuckle shall be not looser than Class 1A/1B fit. The female threads on the turnbuckle body may be oversized as necessary,
19、 so that after coating they will properly mate (not looser than Class 1A/1B fit) with the standard-size male threads of the end pulls. The thread in one head of each turnbuckle body shall be right-hand and in the other head, left-hand. The threads on the end pulls shall be great enough so that the e
20、nds of the end pulls can be brought into contact with each other at the middle of the body length when jam nuts are not used. 3.2.1.5. Breaking StrengthThe breaking strength of turnbuckles, equipped with end pulls, shall be not less than the value given in Table 2 for the required size, type, and fo
21、rm of end pull specified. 3.2.1.6. Turnbuckle Bodies, TypesOpen turnbuckles shall be forged as specified. Forged turnbuckle bodies shall be similar to Figure 1. They shall be forged as specified. The shape of the head of the turnbuckle body shall be either round or hexagonal. Figure 1Open Turnbuckle
22、 Body, Forged 3.2.1.7. Jam NutsJam nuts shall be right-hand or left-hand threaded, as required, made of carbon steel of a type selected from group 1016 to 1020 inclusive for M 169, and shall conform to the dimensional requirements of ANSI/ASME B18.2.2, Heavy Hex Jam Nuts. Clear Opening between Heads
23、D 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 269-4 AASHTO 3.2.1.8. End PullsEye end pulls shall be forged, similar to Figure 2. The shape of the eye may be either oval or round. Minimum dime
24、nsions are as shown in Table 4. Figure 2Forged-Eye End Pull Table 4Dimensions of Eye End Pulls, mm (in.) D Nominal A Minimum B Minimum C Minimum E Minimum 19.0 (3/4) 38.1 (11/2) 15.9 (5/8) 25.4 (1) 41.3 (15/8) 22.2 (7/8) 44.4 (13/4) 19.0 (3/4) 31.8 (11/4) 47.6 (17/8) 25.4 (1) 50.8 (2) 22.2 (7/8) 36.
25、5 (17/16) 57.2 (21/4) 31.8 (11/4) 54.0 (21/8) 27.0 (11/16) 42.9 (111/16) 65.1 (29/16) 38.1 (11/2) 57.2 (21/4) 31.8 (11/4) 54.0 (21/8) 82.6 (31/4) 44.4 (13/4) 63.5 (21/2) 36.5 (17/16) 60.3 (23/8) 95.2 (33/4) 50.8 (2) 76.2 (3) 41.2 (15/8) 68.3 (211/16) 111.1 (43/8) 57.2 (21/4) 82.5 (31/4) 46.0 (113/16
26、) 74.6 (215/16) 131.8 (53/16) 3.2.2. Shackles: 3.2.2.1. ThreadsScrew-pin shackles shall be threaded after fabrication to final size and shape. Threads shall conform to National Coarse Series as shown in Table 5. Appropriate portions of Section 3.2.1.4 shall apply to shackles. 3.2.2.2. SizeShackles s
27、hall have the dimensions shown in Tables 6 through 17 for the appropriate class of shackle. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 269-5 AASHTO Table 5Coarse Thread Series, Basic Dimensi
28、ons, UNC Nominal Size and Basic Major Diameter, D in. Threads per Inch, n Basic Pitch Diameter E, in. Minor Diameter, External Threads, Ks, in. Minor Diameter, Internal Threads, Kn, in. Lead Angle at Basic Pitch Diameter , Deg. Sectional Area at Minor Diameter at D2ho, Min., in.2Tensile Stress Area
29、, in.20.500 13 0.4500 0.4056 0.4167 3 7 0.1257 0.1419 0.5625 12 0.5084 0.4603 0.4723 2 59 0.162 0.182 0.625 11 0.5660 0.5135 0.5268 2 56 0.202 0.226 0.750 10 0.6850 0.6273 0.6417 2 40 0.302 0.334 0.875 9 0.8028 0.7387 0.7547 2 31 0.419 0.462 1.000 8 0.9188 0.8466 0.8647 2 29 0.551 0.606 1.125 7 1.03
30、22 0.9497 0.9704 2 31 0.693 0.763 1.250 7 1.1572 1.0747 1.0954 2 15 0.890 0.969 1.375 6 1.2667 1.1705 1.1946 2 24 1.054 1.155 1.500 6 1.3917 1.2955 1.3196 2 11 1.294 1.405 1.750 5 1.6201 1.5046 1.5335 2 15 1.74 1.90 2.000 4.5 1.8557 1.7274 1.7594 2 11 2.30 2.50 2.250 4.5 2.1057 1.9774 2.0094 1 55 3.
31、02 3.25 2.500 4 2.3376 2.1933 2.2294 1 57 3.72 4.00 2.750 4 2.5876 2.4433 2.4794 1 46 4.62 4.93 3.3. Finish: 3.3.1. Surface ConditionTurnbuckle bodies and end pulls shackles shall be finished by grinding the flash smooth, where required, and removing the loose scale. They shall be free of cracks, fl
32、aws, seams, and other injurious imperfections. 3.3.2. Zinc CoatingTurnbuckles and shackles and accessories shall be galvanized (zinc coated) by the hot-dip process. The hot-dip process shall be applied in conformance with M 232M/M 232, and shall be adherent, smooth, and free from injurious lumps, bl
33、isters, dross, or flux. Coating shall be done on the end pulls and threaded pins after threading; coating for turnbuckle bodies, shackles and jam nuts may be done before or after tapping at the option of the purchaser. 3.3.3. Galvanizing RepairWhere the galvanizing on turnbuckles, shackles, end pull
34、s, or pins has been damaged, the coating shall be repaired by regalvanizing, or the surface repaired by painting with two coats of zinc dust-zinc oxide paint conforming to MIL-P-21035. 3.4. Physical Properties of Shackles: 3.4.1. Proof LoadsShackles shall be capable of withstanding the proof loads s
35、hown in the respective class tables when tested as specified in Section 5.1.1 without developing surface rupture or defects that interfere with serviceability or prevent disassembly of the pin. After proof loading, screw-pin shackles shall be capable of disassembly by hand after the first half turn.
36、 3.4.2. Breaking LoadsShackles shall be able to withstand, without breaking, the breaking loads shown in the respective class tables when tested as specified in Section 5.2. 3.4.3. DuctilityShackles shall be sufficiently ductile that when fractured, the fractured member shall show a permanent distor
37、tion before breaking. If the pin fractures, it shall show a permanent bend of not less than 20 degrees. If the body fractures, it shall show a permanent midshackle set of not less than 15 percent of the original spread between bows. 232 16EH 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Tran
38、sportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 269-6 AASHTO 3.4.4. Class 1, Screw-Pin Anchor ShacklesThe screw-pin anchor shackles shall be similar to Figure 3, and shall conform to the dimensions and physical requirements shown in Tables 6 and 7. Figu
39、re 3Class 1, Screw-Pin Anchor Shackles 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.Table 6Class 1, Screw-Pin Anchor Shackles Size D, mm Diameter of Pin (P), mm (Min) Width between Eyes (W), mm Tolera
40、nce in Width between Eyes (W), mm Length Inside (L), mm Tolerance (Plus or Minus) in Inside Length (L), mm Width Bow (B), mm Major Diameter Threaded Eye, mm (Max) Outside Diameter of Eye (R), mm (Max) Diameter Unthreaded Eye (E), mm (Max) Mass per 100 Shackles (Approx), kg Proof Load, kN (Min) Break
41、ing Loads, kN (Min) 6.35 7.94 11.91 0.8 + 2.4 28.58 1.59 19.05 8.73 22.22 10.32 5.4 4 16 7.64 9.52 13.49 0.8 + 2.4 31.75 1.59 20.64 10.32 25.40 11.91 9.5 6 24 9.52 11.11 16.67 0.8 + 2.4 36.51 1.59 23.18 11.91 28.58 13.49 14.5 9 35 11.11 12.70 18.26 0.8 + 2.4 42.86 1.59 26.99 13.49 31.75 15.08 22.2 1
42、2 48 12.70 15.88 20.64 1.6 + 2.4 49.21 1.59 30.16 16.67 34.92 18.26 33.1 18 63 14.29 15.88 22.22 1.6 + 2.4 53.98 1.59 34.92 16.67 41.28 18.26 41.7 24 80 15.88 19.05 26.99 1.6 + 2.4 63.50 3.18 38.10 19.84 47.62 21.43 68.5 27 98 19.05 22.22 31.75 1.6 + 2.4 76.20 6.35 44.45 23.02 57.15 24.61 102.5 40 1
43、41 22.22 25.40 36.51 1.6 + 2.4 82.55 6.35 50.80 26.19 60.32 27.78 154.2 53 192 25.40 28.58 42.86 1.6 + 3.2 95.25 6.35 58.74 29.37 66.68 30.96 224.5 71 260 28.58 31.75 46.04 1.6 + 3.2 107.95 6.35 66.68 32.94 76.20 34.13 313.4 96 298 31.75 34.92 50.80 1.6 + 3.2 114.30 6.35 73.02 36.12 82.55 37.31 407.
44、8 122 367 34.92 38.10 57.15 3.2 + 4.8 133.35 6.35 82.55 39.29 88.90 41.28 552.9 149 444 38.10 41.28 60.32 3.2 + 4.8 146.05 6.35 85.72 42.46 95.25 44.45 723.5 184 528 41.28 44.45 66.68 3.2 + 4.8 158.75 6.35 104.78 45.64 104.78 47.62 866.4 222 620 44.45 50.80 73.02 3.2 + 4.8 177.80 6.35 114.30 51.99 1
45、14.30 54.77 1247.4 264 718 50.80 57.15 82.55 3.2 + 4.8 196.85 6.35 127.00 58.34 130.18 61.12 1769.0 310 939 57.15 63.50 98.42 3.2 + 4.8 222.25 6.35 139.70 64.69 142.88 67.47 2562.8 359 1201 63.50 69.85 104.78 3.2 + 4.8 254.00 6.35 152.40 71.04 149.22 73.82 3787.5 469 1503 TS-4dM 269-7AASHTO 2015 by
46、the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.Table 7Class 1, Screw-Pin Anchor Shackles Size D, in. Diameter of Pin (P), in. (Min) Width between Eyes (W), in. Tolerance in Width between Eyes (W), in. Length In
47、side (L), in. Tolerance (Plus or Minus) in Inside Length (L), in. Width Bow (B), in. (Min) Major Diameter Threaded Eye, in. (Max) Outside Diameter of Eye (R), in. (Max) Diameter Unthreaded Eye (E), in. (Max) Weight per 100 Shackles (Approx), lb Proof Load, lb (Min) Breaking Loads, lb (Min) 1/45/1615
48、/321/32+ 3/3211/81/163/411/327/813/3212 900 3,550 5/163/817/321/32+ 3/3211/41/1613/1613/321 15/3221 1,300 5,300 3/87/1621/321/32+ 3/3217/161/1615/1615/3211/817/3232 2,000 7,950 7/161/223/321/32+ 3/32111/161/1611/1617/3211/419/3249 2,750 10,850 1/25/813/161/16+ 3/32115/161/1613/1621/3213/823/3273 3,9
49、75 14,150 9/165/87/81/16+ 3/3221/81/1613/821/3215/823/3292 5,425 17,900 5/83/411/161/16+ 3/3221/21/811/225/3217/827/32151 6,100 22,100 3/47/811/41/16+ 3/323 1/413/429/3221/431/32226 8,950 31,800 7/81 17/161/16+ 3/3231/41/42 11/3223/813/32340 12,000 43,250 1 11/8111/161/16+ 1/833/41/425/1615/3225/817/32495 15,900 58,550 11/811/4113/161/16+ 1/841/41/425/8119/643 111/32691 21,625 66,900 11/413/82 1/16+ 1/841/21/427
