1、Standard Specification for Steel Fence Posts and Assemblies, Hot-Wrought AASHTO Designation: M 281-96 (2013) ASTM Designation: A702-89(1994)1American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001TS-4d M 281-1 AASHTO Standard
2、 Specification for Steel Fence Posts and Assemblies, Hot-Wrought AASHTO Designation: M 281-96 (2013) ASTM Designation: A702-89(1994)11. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers steel fence posts and assemblies manufactured from hot-wrought sections and intended for use in field and line fencing. 1.2. Th
3、e posts are available in tee, channel or U, Y-bar, or angle shapes, and are furnished painted or galvanized, unless otherwise specified. 1.3. The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 111M/M 111, Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanize
4、d) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products M 232M/M 232, Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware 2.2. ASTM Standards: A29/A29M, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought A36/A36M, Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel A499, Stand
5、ard Specification for Steel Bars and Shapes, Carbon Rolled from “T” Rails A641/A641M, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire A700, Standard Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment 2.3. Federal Standard: Fed Std. No. 123, Markin
6、g for Shipment (Civil Agencies) 2.4. Military Standards: MIL-STD-129, Marking for Shipment and Storage MIL-STD-163, Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment or Storage 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation
7、of applicable law.TS-4d M 281-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. assembliesangle section post components for installation of gates, fence ends, or corners, and intermediate bracing. 3.1.2. line postsposts that support the straight-line body of the fence. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. Or
8、ders for products under this standard should include the following: 4.1.1. Quantity (number of pieces) of line posts, end, or gate assemblies, corner or intermediate brace assemblies (It is customary to order line posts in multiples of five of the required length and the required number of end or co
9、rner assemblies.); 4.1.2. Type of section (if a specific section is required) (Section 6.2 and Figure 1); 4.1.3. Length or lengths required (Section 7.2); 4.1.4. Finish: galvanized or painted; 4.1.5. AASHTO designation and date of issue; 4.1.6. Anchor plates, if required (Section 6.4.3); and 4.1.7.
10、Wire fasteners (state weight of zinc coating if other than Class 1) (Sections 6.6.2 and 6.6.3). Note 1A typical ordering description is as follows: 500 line posts; painted 8 ft long; M 281-_; omit anchor plates. 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1. Material furnished under this ASTM specification shall conf
11、orm to the general requirements of the current edition of ASTM A29/A29M unless otherwise provided herein. 6. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 6.1. Material: 6.1.1. Line post shall be fabricated from Steels A or B and assemblies from Steels A, B, or C as specified in Table 1. 6.1.2. Except as provided in Se
12、ction 6.1.3, the finished line post and assemblies shall conform to the tensile properties specified in Table 1 for the applicable steel. 6.1.3. At the manufacturers option, a Brinell or Rockwell B hardness test may be substituted for the tensile requirements in Table 1. In such cases, the material
13、shall conform to the Brinell or Rockwell B hardness specified in Table 2. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 281-3 AASHTO Table 1Materials for Line Posts and Assemblies Line Posts As
14、semblies Steel Steel Description Yield Point, Min, ksi (MPa) Tensile Strength, Min, ksi (MPa) Yield Point, Min, ksi (MPa) Tensile Strength, Min, ksi (MPa) A Hot-wrought carbon steel 0.35 percent carbon, min 40 (275) 70 (485) 40 (275) 70 (485) B Hot-wrought carbon steel, or hot-wrought rail steel a50
15、 (345) 80 (550) 50 (345) 80 (550) C Structural steelb 36 (250) 58 (400) a In accordance with ASTM A499. b In accordance with ASTM A36/A36M. Table 2Brinell Hardness Steel Description Brinell Hardness, Min Rockwell B Hardness, Min A Hot-wrought carbon steel, 0.35 percent carbon, min 143 79 B Hot-wroug
16、ht carbon steel or rail steela156 83 C Structural steel b116 68 a In accordance with ASTM A499. b In accordance with ASTM A36/A36M. 6.2. Line Post Section: 6.2.1. The posts shall be furnished as Tee, channel or U, or Y-Bar sections as illustrated in Figure 1. The cross section of T posts shall be ap
17、proximately 13/8in. (35 mm) wide, 13/8in. deep, and 1/8in. (3.2 mm) thick. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the line post type is at the manufacturers option. 6.2.2. Dimensions may vary slightly in individual design in maintaining the control weight per foot. 6.3. Wire AttachmentsLine po
18、sts shall have corrugations, knobs, notches, holes, or studs so placed and formed as to engage a substantial number of fence line wires in proper positions. Figure 1Typical Cross Sections of Line Post Types 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights res
19、erved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 281-4 AASHTO 6.4. Anchor Plates: 6.4.1. Each line post shall be manufactured with an anchor plate, unless otherwise specified. The anchor plate shall be made from carbon steel and shall be swaged or riveted to the post in such a manner as t
20、o prevent displacement when the posts are driven. 6.4.2. The placement of the anchor plate shall be nominally 14 in. (350 mm), 16 in. (400 mm), or 18 in. (450 mm) from the bottom of the post to the uppermost portion of the anchor plate. 6.4.3. Anchor plates shall be tapered to facilitate driving, sh
21、all have a minimum area of 18 in.2(11 600 mm2), and shall weigh 0.67 lb (0.3 kg) 5 percent. 6.4.4. When specified, line posts may be furnished without anchor plates. 6.4.5. Anchor plates shall be manufactured from Type A or B materials. 6.5. Post Assemblies: 6.5.1. Uprights shall consist of angles w
22、ith a nominal size 21/2by 21/2by 1/4in. (65 by 65 by 6.4 mm) weighing 4.10 lb/ft (6.1 kg/m) prior to fabrication. 6.5.2. Braces shall consist of angles with a nominal size 2 by 2 by 1/4in. (50 by 50 by 6.4 mm) weighing 3.19 lb/ft (4.75 kg/m) prior to fabrication, or an alternative angle of equivalen
23、t weight. 6.5.3. Uprights and braces shall be furnished with the necessary holes and galvanized hardware for the required assembly. 6.5.4. All assemblies shall be furnished with one upright. End and gate assemblies shall be furnished with one brace, and corner and intermediate braces with two braces
24、. 6.6. Wire Fasteners: 6.6.1. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, each line post shall be provided with not less than five suitable fasteners for attaching fence wire to the posts. 6.6.2. The fasteners shall be formed from zinc-coated steel wire not less than 0.120-in. (3.05-mm) diameter zi
25、nc coated in accordance with ASTM A641/A641M. Class 1 coating shall be furnished unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. 6.6.3. When line posts are intended for range-type western fencing using three line wires, it is satisfactory to provide only three fasteners for each post. 7. DIMENSIONS, MA
26、SS, AND PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS 7.1. Nominal Weights and Tolerances: 7.1.1. Nominal WeightPrior to fabrication by punching, drilling, attaching anchors, or finish coating, the line post sections shall have a nominal weight of 1.33 lb/ft (1.98 kg/m) of length. 7.1.2. The weight of line posts plus anch
27、or plates (if specified) prior to fabrication, drilling, or finish coating shall not vary from nominal weights specified in Table 3 by more than 5 percent. Weight shall be determined in lots of five line posts. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights
28、 reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 281-5 AASHTO 7.1.3. The weight of assembly components prior to fabrication, drilling, or finish coating shall not vary from the nominal weights specified in Table 4 by more than 5 percent. Single assembly components shall be used to det
29、ermine weight. Table 3Nominal Weights of (Raw) Line Posts Post Length Weightaft m lb kg 5 1.52 7.32 3.32 51/21.68 7.99 3.61 6 1.83 8.65 3.92 61/21.98 9.32 4.22 7 2.13 9.98 4.53 71/22.28 10.64 4.83 8 2.44 11.31 5.13 9 2.74 12.64 5.74 10 3.05 13.97 6.34 a Includes weight of anchor plate. Table 4Nomina
30、l Weights of (Raw) Assemblies Length Weightaft m lb kg Upright and one brace, each (end or gate) 7 2.13 51 23 Upright and two braces, each (corner of intermediate brace) 7 2.13 73 33 Upright and one brace, each 8 2.44 58 26 Upright and two braces, each 8 2.44 84 38 Upright and one brace, each 9 2.74
31、 66 30 Upright and two braces, each 9 2.74 94 43 a Includes weight of bolts. 7.2. Standard Lengths and Tolerances: 7.2.1. Line posts shall be furnished in standard lengths of 5 to 10 ft (1525 to 3050 mm) inclusive, as specified by the purchaser. Standard length increments are shown in Table 3. 7.2.2
32、. The length of line posts, uprights, and braces shall not vary from that specified by more than 1.0 in. (25 mm) or +2 in. (+50 mm). 7.2.3. The placement of the anchor plate shall not vary from the nominal by more than 3 in. (76 mm). 8. WORKMANSHIP, FINISH, AND APPEARANCE 8.1. Line posts, uprights,
33、and braces shall be furnished painted or galvanized as specified by the purchaser. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 281-6 AASHTO 8.2. When specified to be painted, the posts shall
34、be cleaned of all loose scales prior to finishing, and painted with one or more coats of weather-resistant, air-drying, or baking paint or enamel. 8.3. When specified to be galvanized, the posts and post assemblies shall be zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with M 111M/M 111. The asse
35、mbly hardware (Section 6.5.3) shall be zinc-coated in accordance with M 232M/M 232. 9. SAMPLING 9.1. One item from each lot shall be selected at random for testing. A lot shall consist of all posts or assemblies, or both, of the same length offered for delivery at the same time. 9.2. The post or ass
36、embly selected in accordance with Section 9.1 shall be tested for tensile strength or hardness, weight, and zinc coating, if applicable. 9.3. For purposes of visual inspection, length determinations, and dimensional examination, one post or assembly from each 400, or a total of seven, or whichever i
37、s less, shall be selected at random. 9.4. Visual inspection shall include examination for such features as excessive bow, camber, twist, or other injurious imperfections in surface or coating. Such imperfections may be considered cause for rejection of individual posts or assemblies. 10. INSPECTION
38、10.1. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance of all inspection and test requirements specified in this specification. Except as otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract, the manufacturer may use his or her own or
39、 any other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and test requirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the time the order is placed. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification when such inspections and tes
40、ts are deemed necessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribed requirements. 11. REJECTION AND RETESTS 11.1. Should the post or assembly fail to meet any of the requirements of Section 9.2, the lot size shall become 400. One test shall be selected from each lot, and failure of the test s
41、hall result in rejection of that particular lot. 11.2. Should two or more posts or assemblies fail to meet any of the requirements of Section 9.3, the lot size shall become 400. Seven items shall be examined from each lot for compliance with the requirements of Section 9.3 causing initial failure. I
42、f two or more items fail, the entire lot shall be rejected. 11.3. Any individual post or assembly failing to meet the requirements of Sections 9.2 or 9.3 shall be rejected. 12. REJECTION AND REHEARING 12.1. Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. Rej
43、ection should be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplica
44、tion is a violation of applicable law.TS-4d M 281-7 AASHTO 13. CERTIFICATION 13.1. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a producers or suppliers certification that the material was manufactured in accordance with this specification and has been found to meet the requirements shall be fu
45、rnished to the purchaser. 14. PACKAGING 14.1. Line posts shall be bound in bundles of five posts, and by agreement with the purchaser, may be supplied in master bundles containing up to 250 posts. 14.2. Orders are customarily on piece count rather than on weight of posts or assemblies. The nominal w
46、eights establish the basis for weight tolerance and transportation data (Tables 3 and 4 for nominal weights). 15. PACKAGING, MARKING, AND LOADING FOR SHIPMENT 15.1. Unless otherwise specified, packaging, marking, and loading for shipment shall be in accordance with ASTM A700. 15.2. When specified in
47、 the contract or order and for direct procurement by or direct shipment to the U.S. government when Level A is specified, preservation, packaging, and packing shall be in accordance with Level A requirements of MIL-STD-163. 15.3. When specified in the contract or order and for direct procurement by
48、or direct shipment to the U.S. government, marking for shipment, in addition to requirements specified in the contract or order, shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-129 for U.S. military agencies and in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for U.S. government civil agencies. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
