1、Standard Specification for Smooth-Tread Standard Tire for Special-Purpose Pavement Frictional-Property Tests AASHTO Designation: M 286-181Technical Section: 5a, Pavement Measurement Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM Designation: E524-08(2015) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offi
2、cials 444 North Capitol Street NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001TS-5a M 286-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Smooth-Tread Standard Tire for Special-Purpose Pavement Frictional-Property Tests AASHTO Designation: M 286-181Technical Section: 5a, Pavement Measurement Release: Group 1 (April) ASTM De
3、signation: E524-08(2015) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers the general requirements for the smooth-tread standard tire for pavement testing. The tire covered by this specification is intended for evaluation of tire-pavement friction such as that in T 242. 1.2. The terminology in this specifica
4、tion is consistent with ASTM E867. 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibil
5、ity of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard: T 242, Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire 2.2. ASTM Standards: D297
6、, Standard Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analysis D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersTension D1765, Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness D3182,
7、Standard Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized Sheets E867, Standard Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved.
8、 Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-2 AASHTO 3. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 3.1. The individual standard tires shall conform to the design standards of Section 6. Dimensions, masses, and permissible variations are given in Section 6 and in Figure 1. 3.2. Tread compounding, fabric
9、 processing, and all steps in tire manufacturing shall be certified to ensure that the specifications are met. 3.3. A small raised guideline shall be molded on the tire shoulder area to provide a rapid visual check as to whether the maximum wear level for testing has been reached. Tires should be re
10、moved from service as recommended in Section 11.5. The marking on the tire should include the following information: G78-15, Special Purpose Pavement Test TireNot for General Highway Use, Directional arrow on side of tire, ASTM E524, (Manufacturers name or trademark), and Rim: 15 6JJ. Figure 1Tire S
11、ection Including Inflated Tire Dimensions 4. MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1. The compounding formulation for the tread portion of the tire is given in Table 1. Visual Wear Guide Line(Both Sides) consists of asmall raised circumferentialridge located on the shoulderof the tire 5.6 mm (0.22 in.)from the tr
12、ead surface.393.7 50.8-mm(15.50 2.0-in.)Tread Radius152-mm (6-in.)Rim Width212.1-mm (8.35-in.)Cross-Section Width703-mm (27.68-in.)Outer Diameter148.6-mm(5.85-in.)Tread Width(ARC)Smooth TireNo Groovesor Dimensions 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All ri
13、ghts reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-3 AASHTO Table 1Compounding of Tread RubberaMaterial Parts per Hundred of Rubber (PPHR) SBR 1712b89.38 BR-1208c 35.00 N339d75.00 High-aromatic oil 22.12 Zinc oxide 3.00 Stearic acid 2.00 6PPDe2.00 Paraffin wax 2.00 Sulfur 1.80 T
14、BBSf1.10 DPGg0.10 aASTM D3182 bStyrene-butadiene rubber (23.5 percent styrene) 37.5 parts of high-aromatic oil cHigh cis-polybutadiene dN339 Carbon Black. See ASTM D1765. eDimethyl butylphenyl phenylenediamine fButyl benzothiazole sulfenamide g Diphenyl guanidine 4.2. FabricThe fabric shall be polye
15、ster body or carcass plies and fiberglass belt plies. Note 1Certain proprietary products have been specified since exact duplication of properties of the finished tire may not be achieved with other similar products. This inclusion does not in any way comprise a recommendation for these proprietary
16、products or against similar products of other manufacturers; nor does it imply any superiority over any such similar products. 5. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1. The physical and mechanical test requirements are given in Table 2. Table 2Physical Requirements of Tread Compound Tensile sheet cure at 150C (
17、302F), min 30 300% modulus, MPa (psi) (ASTM D412) 6.9 1.4 (1000 200) Tire tread durometer (ASTM D2240) 58 2 Specific gravity (ASTM D297) 1.13 0.02 Tensile strength, min, MPa (psi) (ASTM D412) 13.8 (2000) Elongation, min, % (ASTM D412) 500 6. DIMENSIONS, MASSES, AND PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS 6.1. Genera
18、lDetails of dimensions are shown in Figure 1. Where tolerances are not specified, tire dimensions are subject to manufacturers normal tolerances. 6.1.1. Design and ConstructionThe tire shall be a size G78-15 tubeless type, belted bias construction (two-body plies plus two-belt plies). The tread widt
19、h shall be 148.6 mm (5.85 in.) and the cross-sectional tread radius shall be 393.7 50.8 mm (15.50 2.0 in.). The tread shall have a thickness of 9.8 mm (0.385 in.) and an under-tread thickness of 2.5 mm (0.10 in.). The tire shall have a recommended cross-section width of 212.1 mm (8.35 in.) and a rec
20、ommended section height of 161 mm (6.34 in.) when mounted on a Tire and Rim Association 15-by-6-in. (381-by-152-mm) JJ 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-4 AASHTO rim. The cured
21、 crown angles shall be 33 2 degrees for the body plies and 27 2 degrees for the belt plies. 6.1.2. Wear IndicatorsA visual wear guideline shall be located on the shoulder of the tire 5.6 mm (0.22 in.) from the tread surface as shown in Figure 1. 7. WORKMANSHIP 7.1. Tires shall be free of defects in
22、workmanship and materials. 8. TEST METHODS 8.1. Tensile Sheet CuresASTM D3182. 8.2. Modulus (300 percent)ASTM D412. 8.3. Tensile Sheet DurometerASTM D2240, using a Type A Shore durometer. 8.4. Specific GravityASTM D297. 8.5. Tensile StrengthASTM D412. 8.6. ElongationASTM D412. 8.7. Tire-Tread Durome
23、terASTM D2240 in addition to the following procedures. 8.7.1. Use a Type A durometer 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) diameter presser foot. (Shore Code XAHAF is recommended.) 8.7.2. The durometer shall be calibrated at a reading of 60 hardness. 8.7.3. Condition the tire and durometer to equilibrium at 23 2C (73.4
24、 3.6F) before determining tread hardness. 8.7.4. The tire tread hardness is to be determined by averaging at least one set of six readings. A set should consist of readings taken at equally spaced intervals across the tread. It is recommended that additional sets of readings be taken around the trea
25、d circumference. 8.7.5. Apply presser foot to the tire tread as rapidly as possible without shock, keeping the foot parallel to the tread surface. Apply just sufficient pressure to obtain firm contact between the presser foot and the tire tread surface. Read the durometer scale within 1 s after the
26、presser foot is in contact with the tire tread, but after initial maximum transient, which may occur immediately after contact is made. 9. CERTIFICATION 9.1. Tires are to be inflated and measured prior to shipment. Upon request, the manufacturer shall furnish the purchaser certification that the tes
27、t tire meets this specification. 9.2. All tires under certification shall be subject to the manufacturers normal variation. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-5a M 286-5 AASHTO 10. PRESE
28、RVATION 10.1. Tires shall be kept dry under ordinary atmospheric conditions in subdued light, 21 13.8C (70 25F). Tires should not be stored near electric motors, welders, or other ozone-generating equipment. 11. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TIRE USE AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 11.1. The tire is intended for
29、 pavement friction testing only and is not designed for general highway service. Commercial tires should be used for necessary transporting of test equipment. 11.2. A new tire break-in of 320 km (200 mi) minimum should be made on tires by the purchaser before using the tire for testing. 11.3. The ti
30、re shall be operated with not less than 165 kPa (24 psi) inflation. 11.4. The recommended static test load on the tire shall be 4826 N (1085 lbf), with loading to a maximum of 6138 N (1380 lbf) permissible, at 165 kPa (24 psi) inflation. 11.5. Tire should be mounted so that it is rotated in the dire
31、ction of the arrow on the side of the tire. 11.6. When irregular wear or damage results from tests or when the tire is worn to the wear line, the use of the tire as a standard test tire shall be discontinued. 11.7. CautionMeasured friction force or friction number may be influenced by tire tread har
32、dness. The magnitude of this dependence is a function of the water depth, pavement characteristics, test speed, and tire-aging effects. 12. KEYWORDS 12.1. Friction; friction force; friction number; pavement; tire-pavement. 1Except for terminology, figures, and the use of SI units, this specification agrees with ASTM E524-08(2015). 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
