1、Standard Specification for Steel Anchor Bolts AASHTO Designation: M 314-90 (2013) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4f M 314-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Steel Anchor Bolts AASHTO Designation:
2、M 314-90 (2013) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers externally threaded steel anchor bolts intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations. Such structural supports include building columns; column supports for highway signs, street lighting, and traffic signals; steel bearing
3、 plates; and other similar applications. 1.2. The anchor bolts are subject to tensile property requirements and are available in three grades (yield strength levels). Special chemical restrictions apply when weldable steel is required. 1.3. Zinc coating (galvanizing) requirements are included for bo
4、lts requiring corrosion protection. 1.4. The recommended grade and style of nuts for each grade of anchor bolt are included. 1.5. This specification does not cover the requirements of mechanical expansion anchors or powder activated nails or studs for concrete. 1.6. The values stated in SI units are
5、 to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 232M/M 232, Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware T 244, Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 2.2. ASTM Standards: A6/A6M, Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, P
6、lates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling A563, Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts A751, Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products B695, Standard Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel F436, Standard Speci
7、fication for Hardened Steel Washers 2.3. ANSI Standards: ANSI B1.1, Unified Screw Threads ANSI B18.2.2, Square and Hex Nuts 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 314-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINO
8、LOGY 3.1. Description of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1. anchor bolta steel bar or rod, one end of which is intended to be cast in concrete, while the opposite end is threaded and projects from the concrete, for anchoring other material to the concrete. 3.1.1.1. Discussionthe end of the bar
9、or rod cast in concrete may be either straight or provided with an anchor such as a hook or welded or bolted attachment to resist forces imposed on the bolt, as required. 3.1.2. fabricatorthe manufacturer of the bolt. 3.1.3. producerthe manufacturer of the steel rods or bars. 3.1.4. purchaserthe pur
10、chaser of the finished anchor bolt or the purchasers designated agent. 3.1.5. supplierthe agent who furnishes the finished bolts and nuts to the purchaser; may be the fabricator. 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. Anchor bolts covered by this specification are classified as follows: 4.1.1. GradeThe anchor bolts
11、 shall be furnished in one of three grades (Grade 36, Grade 55, or Grade 105) corresponding to the minimum yield strength of the steel (Section 8.1). 4.1.2. Weldable steel shall meet the requirements of Supplementary Requirement S1, when specifically ordered. 5. ORDERING INFORMATION 5.1. Orders for
12、anchor bolts under this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately describe the desired product: 5.1.1. Quantity (number of pieces); Note 1If the purchaser intends to perform destructive tests on fabricated bolts, the fabricator should be advised so that an adeq
13、uate number are produced, especially for sizes and grades not readily available from stock. 5.1.2. Name of material (steel anchor bolts); 5.1.3. AASHTO designation including year of issue; 5.1.4. Grade of steel (Section 4.1.1); 5.1.5. Weldable steel to meet Supplementary Requirement S1, when require
14、d; 5.1.6. Dimensionsdiameter (based on nominal thread diameter), bolt length, thread length, length of hook (if hook is required); 5.1.7. Zinc coating or other protective coating (when required) (Section 6.4): 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights
15、reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 314-3 AASHTO 5.1.7.1. Specify the zinc-coating process, whether hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference. 5.1.7.2. Specify length from exposed end to be coated, or entire length. 5.1.8. Number of nuts, either total number or num
16、ber per bolt; 5.1.9. Number of washers, either total number or number per bolt, and dimensions if other than standard washers; 5.1.10. Specify if inspection at place of manufacture is required (Section 12.1); 5.1.11. Specify if certified test report is required (Section 14.1); and 5.1.12. Any specia
17、l requirements. 6. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 6.1. Bolts: 6.1.1. Steel for anchor bolts shall be made by the open-hearth, basic oxygen, or electric furnace process. 6.1.2. Threads of anchor bolts may be rolled or cut, and shall conform to the requirements in Section 9.2. 6.1.3. Hooks on anchor bolts,
18、 when required, may be made by cold bending or hot bending, provided no cracks develop in the bend length. When hot bending is elected, at no time shall any portion of the anchor bolt reach a temperature in excess of 595C (1100F). The bending shall not significantly reduce the cross-sectional area o
19、f the bolt (Section 9.3). 6.2. Nuts: 6.2.1. Nuts shall conform to ASTM A563 for inch-series threads for the grade and style indicated for each grade and size of anchor bolt, and whether plain or zinc coated, as shown in Table 1. 6.2.2. The requirements for the recommended grade and style of nut may
20、be fulfilled by furnishing a nut of one of the grades or styles specified in ASTM A563 that has equal or higher proof load stress. Table 1Nuts Anchor Bolts Nuts Grade Size, mm (in.) Condition Grade Style 36 6 to 38 (1/4to 11/2) Plain or Zinc Coated A Hex 36 Over 38 to 102 (over 11/2to 4) Plain or Zi
21、nc Coated A Heavy Hex 55 6 to 38 (1/4to 11/2) Plain A Hex 55 6 to 38 (1/4to 11/2) Zinc Coated A Heavy Hex 55 Over 38 to 102 (over 11/2to 4) Plain or Zinc Coated A Heavy Hex 105 6 to 38 (1/4to 11/2) Plain D Hex 105 6 to 38 (1/4to 11/2) Zinc Coated DH Heavy Hex 105 Over 38 to 76 (over 11/2to 3) Plain
22、or Zinc Coated DH Heavy Hex 6.2.3. Nuts to be used on coated anchor bolts may be tapped oversize. The diametral amounts for oversize tapping indicated in ASTM A563 as minimums are the maximum limits for oversize tapping for this anchor bolt specification. 2015 by the American Association of State Hi
23、ghway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 314-4 AASHTO Note 2Steel-to-steel thread engagement is reduced between bolt and nut threads when the nut is tapped oversize. The purchaser should therefore be aware that nuts zinc coated and
24、tapped oversize will have a lower tensile capacity than nuts that have not been tapped oversize. (See Table 3, ASTM A563.) 6.3. Washers: 6.3.1. Washers, when required, shall conform to ASTM F436 unless otherwise specified in the order. 6.4. Coatings for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance: 6.4.1. Zinc Coa
25、tings, Hot-Dip, and Mechanically Deposited: 6.4.1.1. When zinc-coated anchor bolts, nuts, and washers are required, the purchaser shall specify the zinc coating process: for example, hot-dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference. 6.4.1.2. When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc co
26、ated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the requirements of Class C of M 232M/M 232. 6.4.1.3. When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasteners shall be zinc coated by the mechanical deposition process in accordance with the requirements of Class 50 of ASTM B695. 6.4.1.4. When no prefer
27、ence is specified, the supplier may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with M 232M/M 232, Class C, or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with ASTM B695, Class 50. 6.4.2. Coatings other than hot-dip and mechanically deposited zinc coatings, when required, shall be sp
28、ecified in the order and the complete specification for the coating shall be included as a part of the order. 6.4.3. Threads for coated anchor bolts shall meet the requirements of Section 9.2 before the coating is applied. 7. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 7.1. Steel shall conform to the following chemical li
29、mitations: Heat Analysis Product Analysis Phosphorus, max, % 0.040 0.048 Sulfur, max, % 0.050 0.058 Copper, min, % when Cu is specified 0.20 0.18 7.2. The additional chemical limitations in Section S1.5 apply when bolts are ordered as weldable. 8. TENSILE PROPERTIES 8.1. Steel bars from which anchor
30、 bolts are made, as well as the finished anchor bolts, shall conform to the tensile requirements shown in Table 2. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 314-5 AASHTO Table 2Tensile Prop
31、erties Grade Yield Strength, Min, MPa (ksi) Tensile Strength, Min, MPa (ksi) Elongation,aMin, % Reduction of Area, Min, % In 200 mm (8 in.) In 50 mm (2 in.) 36 248 (36) 400 to 552 (58 to 80) 20 23 40 55 379 (55) 517 to 655 (75 to 95) 18 21 30 105 724 (105) 862 to 1034 (125 to 150) 12 15 45baThe requ
32、irement for elongation in 200 mm (8 in.) applies to bars and bolts tested full size. The requirement for elongation in 50 mm (2 in.) applies to test on machined specimens. bBolts over 50 to 63 mm (2 to 21/2in.), 22 percent min; over 63 to 75 mm (21/2to 3 in.), 20 percent min; over 76 to 102 mm (3 to
33、 4 in.), 18 percent min. 9. DIMENSIONS 9.1. Nominal SizeThe nominal anchor bolt diameter shall be the same as the nominal diameter of the threads. 9.2. Thread DimensionsThreads on anchor bolts shall be Unified National Coarse Series, as specified in ANSI B1.1, and shall have Class 2A tolerances. 9.2
34、.1. Bolts to be used with nuts that have been tapped oversize, in accordance with ASTM A563, shall have Class 2A threads before coating. After coating, the maximum limit of pitch and major diameter may exceed the Class 2A limit by the following amount: Diameter, mm (in.) Oversize Limit, mm (in.)aUp
35、to 11.1 (7/16), incl 0.41 (0.016) Over 11.1 to 25.4 (7/16to 1), incl 0.53 (0.021) Over 25.4 (1) 0.79 (0.031) aThese values are the same as the minimum oversize tapping required for zinc-coated nuts in ASTM A563. 9.2.2. The gauging limits for bolts shall be verified during manufacture or use by assem
36、bly of a nut tapped as nearly as practical to the amount oversize shown above. In case of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gauge of that same size (class tolerance, gauge tolerance plus) shall be used. Assembly of the gauge or the nut described above must be possible with hand effort following appl
37、ication of light machine oil to prevent galling and damage to the gauge. Length of threads shall be the specified length, plus 25 mm (1 in.), minus zero. 9.3. Bar Diameter: 9.3.1. When threads are rolled, the diameter of the bar before threading shall not be less than the minimum pitch diameter spec
38、ified for Class 2A threads in ANSI B1.1. 9.3.2. When the threads are cut, the diameter of the bar before threading shall not be less than the specified diameter less the tolerance in ASTM A6/A6M for round bars. 9.3.3. The bend section of bent bars shall have a cross-sectional area not less than 90 p
39、ercent of the area of straight portions of the bar. The area in the bend shall be calculated by the formula: 0 25bA . Dd= (1) where: Ab= cross-sectional area in the bend; d = minor (or minimum) diameter at any point, generally in the plane of the bend; and D = major diameter, at the same cross secti
40、on as and at 90 degrees to the minor diameter. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 314-6 AASHTO 9.4. Bolt Dimensions: 9.4.1. The overall length of straight anchor bolts, or length to
41、the inside of the hook, shall be the specified length 13 mm (1/2in.) for bolt lengths of 600 mm (24 in.) or less and 25 mm (1 in.) for longer bolts (Figure 1). Note: h = length of hook; l = length of bolt; t = length of threads (exposed end); t1= length of threads (encased end), when required; z = l
42、ength of zinc coating, min, when partial zinc coating is required. Figure 1Anchor Bolt Dimensions 9.4.2. The length of hooks shall be the specified length, 10 percent of the specified hook length or 13 mm (1/2in.), whichever is greater (Figure 1). 9.4.3. The bend angle of hooks shall be the specifie
43、d angle 5 degrees. 9.5. Coated Length: 9.5.1. When only the exposed end of the anchor bolt is required to be zinc coated, the length of zinc coating shall be at least equal to the length specified in the order. There is no limit on extra length of zinc coating. 10. NUMBER OF TESTS AND RETESTS 10.1.
44、The steel producer shall conduct tests for tensile properties and chemical analysis and shall certify the results to the fabricator of the anchor bolts. The fabricator shall be responsible for tests for zinc coating and dimensional requirements. 10.2. The purchaser shall have the right to perform an
45、y of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification. Tests may be made on either the bar stock or on the completed anchor bolts. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 314-7 A
46、ASHTO 10.3. One test for chemical composition shall be made from each heat. One test for tensile properties shall be made for each diameter of each heat and, if the bars are heat treated, for each furnace lot. The number of tests for zinc coating shall be as specified in M 232M/M 232. 10.3.1. Where
47、identity to a specific heat number (and furnace lot number for heat-treated bars) has not been maintained, the number of tests shall be based on the quantity of bolts of a given description, as shown in Table 3. Table 3Number of Tests Number of Specimens Number of Bolts in Order of Each Description
48、25.4-mm (1-in.) Diameter and Smaller Over 25.4-mm (1-in.) Diameter 100 and fewer 1 1 101 to 250 1 2 251 to 500 2 3 501 to 1000 3 5 1001 and more (additional per 1000 bolts) 1 2 10.4. If a sample fails to meet any tensile property requirement and the results are within 14 MPa (2 ksi) of the required
49、tensile strength, within 7 MPa (1 ksi) of the required yield strength, or within two percentage points of the required elongation, a retest shall be permitted on two randomly selected specimens for each original tensile specimen failure from the lot. If all results of these retest specimens meet the specified requirements, the lot shall be accepted. 10.4.1. If any test specimen shows defective machining, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted. 10.5. If a sample fails to meet any requirement, other than a te
