1、Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder AASHTO Designation: M 320-17 Technical Section: 2b, Liquid Asphalt Release: Group 3 (August 2017) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2b M 32
2、0-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder AASHTO Designation: M 320-17 Technical Section: 2b, Liquid Asphalt Release: Group 3 (August 2017) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers asphalt binders graded by performance. Grading designations are related to the average sev
3、en-day maximum pavement design temperature and the minimum pavement design temperature. This specification contains Table 1 and Table 2. If no table is specified, the default is Table 1. 1.2. Table 2 incorporates R 49 for determining the critical low cracking temperature using a combination of T 313
4、 and T 314 test procedures. Note 1For asphalt cements graded by viscosity at 60C, see M 226. Note 2R 29 provides information for determining the performance grade of an asphalt binder. Note 3For specifying performance-graded asphalt binder using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), see M 332. 2. R
5、EFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 226, Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design M 332, Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test R 28, Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) R 29, Gr
6、ading or Verifying the Performance Grade (PG) of an Asphalt Binder R 35, Superpave Volumetric Design for Asphalt Mixtures R 49, Determination of Low-Temperature Performance Grade (PG) of Asphalt Binders R 66, Sampling Asphalt Materials T 44, Solubility of Bituminous Materials T 48, Flash and Fire Po
7、ints by Cleveland Open Cup T 240, Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt Binder (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test) T 313, Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt Binder Using the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) T 314, Determining the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Binder in Direct Te
8、nsion (DT) T 315, Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Using a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) T 316, Viscosity Determination of Asphalt Binder Using Rotational Viscometer 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplicati
9、on is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b M 320-2 AASHTO 2.2. ASTM Standards: D8, Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements D95, Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation D5546, Standard Test Method for Solubility of Asphal
10、t Binders in Toluene by Centrifuge 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. Definitions for many terms common to asphalt binder are found in ASTM D8. 3.1.2. asphalt binderan asphalt-based cement that is produced from petroleum residue either with or without the addition of nonparticulate organic modi
11、fiers. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. When ordering under this specification, include in the purchase order the performance grade (PG) of asphalt binder required and the table used (e.g., (1) M 320, PG 52-16, Table 1, or (2) M 320, PG 64-34, Table 2). If no table is specified, the default is Table 1.
12、4.2. Asphalt binder grades may be selected by following the procedures described in M 323 and R 35. 5. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE 5.1. Asphalt binder shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods, with or without the addition of modifiers. 5.2. Modifiers may be any organic
13、material of suitable manufacture that is used in virgin or recycled condition and that is dissolved, dispersed, or reacted in asphalt binder to enhance its performance. 5.3. The asphalt binder shall be homogeneous, free from water and deleterious materials, and shall not foam when heated to 175C. 5.
14、4. The asphalt binder shall be at least 99.0 percent soluble as determined by T 44 or ASTM D5546. 5.5. This specification is not applicable for asphalt binders in which fibers or other discrete particles are larger than 250 m in size. 5.6. The grades of asphalt binder shall conform to the requiremen
15、ts given in Table 1 or Table 2. Note 4Grades outside of Table 1 or Table 2 are sometimes specified. If grades are specified beyond those listed in Table 1 or Table 2, a high, low, and intermediate temperature shall be specified. The high and low temperature grade should be specified in 6C increments
16、 for consistency with the PG grading system. 6. SAMPLING 6.1. The material shall be sampled in accordance with R 66. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b M 320-3 AASHTO 7. TEST METHODS
17、7.1. The properties outlined in Sections 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6 shall be determined in accordance with R 28, T 44 or ASTM D5546, T 48, ASTM D95, T 240, T 313, T 314, T 315, and T 316. 8. INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION 8.1. Inspection and certification of the material shall be agreed on between the purchase
18、r and the seller. Specific requirements shall be made part of the purchase contract. The seller shall provide material handling and storage procedures to the purchaser for each asphalt binder grade certified. 9. REJECTION AND RETESTING 9.1. If the results of any test do not conform to the requiremen
19、ts of this specification, retesting to determine conformity is performed as indicated in the purchase order or as otherwise agreed on between the purchaser and the seller. 10. KEYWORDS 10.1. Asphalt binder; asphalt cement; direct tension; flash point; modifier; performance specifications; pressure a
20、ging; rheology. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b M 320-4 AASHTO Table 1Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Specification Performance Grade PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 34 40 46 10 16 22 28
21、 34 40 46 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40 Average 7-day max pavement design temp, Ca34 40 46 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40 Original Binder Flash point temp, T 48, min C 230 Viscosity, T 316:bmax 3 Pas, test temp, C 135 Dynamic shear, T 315:cG*/sin,dmin 1.00 kPa test temp 10
22、rad/s, C 46 52 58 64 Rolling Thin-Film Oven Residue (T 240) Mass change,emax, percent 1.00 Dynamic shear, T 315: G*/sin,dmin 2.20 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 46 52 58 64 Pressurized Aging Vessel Residue (R 28) PAV aging temperature, Cf90 (100, 110) 90 (100, 110) 100 (110) 100 (110) Dynamic shear, T 31
23、5: G* sin,dmax 5000 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 Creep stiffness, T 313:g S, max 300 MPa m-value, min 0.300 test temp 60 s, C 24 30 36 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 6 12 18 24 30 0 6 12 18 24 30 Direct tension, T 314:gFailure strain, min 1.0% test temp 1
24、.0 mm/min, C 24 30 36 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 6 12 18 24 30 0 6 12 18 24 30 aPavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in the LTPP Bind program, may be provided by the specifying agency, or by following the procedures as outlined in M 323 and R 35. bThis requi
25、rement may be waived at the discretion of the specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards. cFor quality control of unmodified asphalt binder production, measurement of the viscosity of
26、 the original asphalt binder may be used to supplement dynamic shear measurements of G*/sin at test temperatures where the asphalt is a Newtonian fluid. dG*/sin = high temperature stiffness and G* sin = intermediate temperature stiffness. eThe mass change shall be less than 1.00 percent for either a
27、 positive (mass gain) or a negative (mass loss) change. f The PAV aging temperature is based on anticipated climatic conditions and is one of three temperatures, 90C for climates requiring PG 52-xx and below, 100C for climates requiring PG 58-xx to PG 70-xx, or 110C for climates requiring PG 76-xx a
28、nd above. Normally the PAV aging temperature is specified based on the PG grade. However, when the binder is being used in a different climate due to grade bumping or need for softer binder due to blending, the PAV aging temperature may be specified as 100C when used in climates requiring PG 58-xx t
29、o PG 70-xx, or 110C when used in climates requiring PG 76-xx and above. g If the creep stiffness is below 300 MPa, the direct tension test is not required. If the creep stiffness is between 300 and 600 MPa, the direct tension failure strain requirement can be used in lieu of the creep stiffness requ
30、irement. The m-value requirement must be satisfied in both cases. Continued on next page. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b M 320-5 AASHTO Table 1Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Sp
31、ecification (Continued) Performance Grade PG 70 PG 76 PG 82 10 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 10 16 22 28 34 Average 7-day max pavement design temperature, Ca10 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 10 16 22 28 34 Original Binder Flash point temp, T 48, min C 230 Viscosity, T 316:bmax 3 Pas, test temp, C 135
32、 Dynamic shear, T 315:cG*/sin ,dmin 1.00 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 70 76 82 Rolling Thin-Film Oven Residue (T 240) Mass change,emax, percent 1.00 Dynamic shear, T 315: G*/sin ,dmin 2.20 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 70 76 82 Pressurized Aging Vessel Residue (R 28) PAV aging temperature, Cf100 (110) 110
33、(100) 110 (100) Dynamic shear, T 315: G* sin ,dmax 5000 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 34 31 28 25 22 19 37 34 31 28 25 40 37 34 31 28 Creep stiffness, T 313:gS, max 300 MPa m-value, min 0.300 test temp 60 s, C 0 6 12 18 24 30 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 Direct tension, T 314:gFailure strain, min 1.0% test
34、 temp 1.0 mm/min, C 0 6 12 18 24 30 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 aPavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in the LTPP Bind program, may be provided by the specifying agency, or by following the procedures as outlined in M 323 and R 35. bThis requirement ma
35、y be waived at the discretion of the specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards. cFor quality control of unmodified asphalt binder production, measurement of the viscosity of the orig
36、inal asphalt binder may be used to supplement dynamic shear measurements of G*/sin at test temperatures where the asphalt is a Newtonian fluid. dG*/sin = high temperature stiffness and G* sin = intermediate temperature stiffness. eThe mass change shall be less than 1.00 percent for either a positive
37、 (mass gain) or a negative (mass loss) change. f The PAV aging temperature is based on anticipated climatic conditions and is one of three temperatures, 90C for climates requiring PG 52-xx and below, 100C for climates requiring PG 58-xx to PG 70-xx, or 110C for climates requiring PG 76-xx and above.
38、 Normally the PAV aging temperature is specified based on the PG grade. However, when the binder is being used in a different climate due to grade bumping or need for softer binder due to blending, the PAV aging temperature may be specified as 100C when used in climates requiring PG 58-xx to PG 70-x
39、x, or 110C when used in climates requiring PG 76-xx and above. gIf the creep stiffness is below 300 MPa, the direct tension test is not required. If the creep stiffness is between 300 and 600 MPa, the direct tension failure strain requirement can be used in lieu of the creep stiffness requirement. T
40、he m-value requirement must be satisfied in both cases. 2017 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b M 320-6 AASHTO Table 2Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Specification Using Critical Crackin
41、g Temperature Performance Grade PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 34 40 46 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40 Average 7-day max pavement design temperature, Ca34 40 46 10 16 22 28 34 40 46 16 22 28 34 40 10 16 22 28 34 40 Original Binder Flash point temp, T 48, min C 230 Viscosity, T 316:bm
42、ax 3 Pas, test temp, C 135 Dynamic shear, T 315:cG*/sind, min 1.00 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 46 52 58 64 Rolling Thin-Film Oven Residue (T 240) Mass change,emax, percent 1.00 Dynamic shear, T 315: G*/sind, min 2.20 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 46 52 58 64 Pressurized Aging Vessel Residue (R 28) PAV agi
43、ng temperature, Cf90 (100, 110) 90 (100, 110) 100 (110) 100 (110) Dynamic shear, T 315: G* sind, max 5000 kPa test temp 10 rad/s, C 10 7 4 25 22 19 16 13 10 7 25 22 19 16 13 31 28 25 22 19 16 Critical low cracking temp, R 49:g Critical cracking temp determined by R 49, test temp, C 24 30 36 0 6 12 1
44、8 24 30 36 6 12 18 24 30 0 6 12 18 24 30 aPavement temperatures are estimated from air temperatures using an algorithm contained in the LTPP Bind program, may be provided by the specifying agency, or by following the procedures as outlined in M 323 and R 35. bThis requirement may be waived at the di
45、scretion of the specifying agency if the supplier warrants that the asphalt binder can be adequately pumped and mixed at temperatures that meet all applicable safety standards. cFor quality control of unmodified asphalt binder production, measurement of the viscosity of the original asphalt binder m
46、ay be used to supplement dynamic shear measurements of G*/sin at test temperatures where the asphalt is a Newtonian fluid. dG*/sin = high temperature stiffness and G* sin = intermediate temperature stiffness. eThe mass change shall be less than 1.00 percent for either a positive (mass gain) or a neg
47、ative (mass loss) change. fThe PAV aging temperature is based on anticipated climatic conditions and is one of three temperatures, 90C for climates requiring PG 52-xx and below, 100C for climates requiring PG 58-xx to PG 70-xx, or 110C for climates requiring PG 76-xx and above. Normally the PAV agin
48、g temperature is specified based on the PG grade. However, when the binder is being used in a different climate due to grade bumping or need for softer binder due to blending, the PAV aging temperature may be specified as 100C when used in climates requiring PG 58-xx to PG 70-xx, or 110C when used i
49、n climates requiring PG 76-xx and above g For verification of grade, at a minimum perform T 313 at the test temperature and at the test temperature minus 6C and T 314 at the test temperature. Testing at additional temperatures for T 313 may be necessary if 300 MPa is not bracketed at the initial two test temper
