1、 Standard Specification for Polypropylene Pipe, 300- to 1500-mm (12- to 60-in.) Diameter AASHTO Designation: M 330-181Technical Section: 4b, Flexible and Metallic Pipe Release: Group 2 (June) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249
2、Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4b M 330-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Polypropylene Pipe, 300- to 1500-mm (12- to 60-in.) Diameter AASHTO Designation: M 330-181Technical Section: 4b, Flexible and Metallic Pipe Release: Group 2 (June) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers the requirements and meth
3、ods of tests for corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipe, couplings, and fittings for use in surface and subsurface drainage application. 1.1.1. Nominal sizes of 300 to 1500 mm (12 to 60 in.) are included. 1.1.2. Materials, workmanship, dimensions, pipe stiffness, environmental stress-crack resistance, j
4、oining systems, brittleness, perforations, and form of markings are specified. 1.2. Corrugated polypropylene pipe is intended for surface and subsurface drainage applications where soil provides support to its flexible walls. Its major use is to collect or convey drainage water by open gravity flow,
5、 as culverts, storm drains, sewers, etc. This standard does not cover applications that require polypropylene pipe over 600 mm (24 in.) with a minimum pipe stiffness over 314 kPa (46 psi) and low-pressure watertight joints (7.6 m (25 ft) of constant head), such as required in sanitary sewer applicat
6、ions. 1.3. This specification does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or earth cover load. Successful performance of this product depends on proper type of bedding and backfill, and care in installation. The structural design of thermoplastic pipe and the proper installation procedures
7、are given in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Section 12, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 30, respectively. Upon request of the user or engineer, the manufacturer shall provide profile wall section detail required for a full engineering evaluation. 1.4. The v
8、alues stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text the U.S. Customary units are shown in parentheses and may not be exact equivalents. 1.5. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9.4 of this specification: This standard does not pur
9、port to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard
10、s: T 341, Determination of Compression Capacity for Profile Wall Plastic Pipe by Stub Compression Loading 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-2 AASHTO AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design S
11、pecifications, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, Section 30 2.2. ASTM Standards: D256, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics D618, Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile P
12、roperties of Plastics D790, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials D792, Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement D883, Standard Terminology Relating to Pla
13、stics D1238, Standard Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer D1505, Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique D1600, Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics D1928, Standard Practice for Preparation of Co
14、mpression-Molded Polyethylene Test Sheets and Test Specimens (withdrawn 2001) D2122, Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings D2412, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading D2444, S
15、tandard Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight) D2990, Standard Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics D3895, Standard Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Pol
16、yolefins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry D4101, Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials D6992, Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal M
17、ethod F412, Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems F2136, Standard Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe 2.3. Federal Standard: Fed. Std. No. 29, CFR 1910.1200 OSHA Hazard Commun
18、ication Standard; see also Permissible Exposure LimitsAnnotated Tables, available at https:/www.osha.gov/dsg/annotated-pels/ 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. The terminology used in this standard is in accordance with the definitions given in ASTM D883, D1600, and F412 unless otherwise specified. 3.1.1. crackany
19、 break or split that extends through the corrugations or rib wall or inner wall (liner). 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-3 AASHTO 3.1.2. creasea visible irrecoverable indenta
20、tion. 3.1.3. delaminationa separation between the inne r wall (liner) and the corrugation or rib wall of Type S pipe as evidenced by a visible gap extending completely through at least one corrugation valley at any point around the circumference of the pipe. For Type D pipe, delamination is a separa
21、tion of the inner wall (liner) and corrugation or rib wall or a separation of the exterior wall and the corrugation or rib wall as evidenced by a visible gap extending completely between the corrugation or ribs and inner wall (liner) or exterior wall at any point around the circumference of the pipe
22、. 3.1.4. polypropylene (PP)a polymer prepared by the polymerization of propylene as the s ole monomer (ASTM D883). 3.1.5. reworked plastica plastic from a processors own production that has been regr ound, pelletized, or solvated after having been previously processed by molding, extrusion, etc. (AS
23、TM D883). 3.1.6. slow crack growtha phenomenon by which a stress crack may form. A stress crack is an external or internal crack in plastic caused by tensile stresses less than its short-time mechanical strength. 3.1.7. virgin polypropylene materialPP plastic material in the form of pellets, granule
24、s, or powder that has not been subject to use or processing other than required for initial manufacture. 4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1. The corrugated polypropylene pipe covered by this specification is classified as follows: 4.1.1. Type CThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section, with a cor rugate
25、d surface both inside and outside. Corrugations shall be annular. 4.1.1.1. Type CPThis pipe shall be Type C with perforations. 4.1.2. Type SThis pipe shall have a full circular cross section, with an ou ter corrugated pipe wall and a smooth inner liner. Corrugations shall be annular. 4.1.2.1. Type S
26、PThis pipe shall be Type S with perforations. 4.1.3. Type DThis pipe shall consist of an essentially smooth waterway inne r wall (liner) braced circumferentially or spirally with corrugations or ribs joined to essentially smooth exterior walls. Both walls shall be fused to, or continuous with, the i
27、nternal corrugations or ribs. 4.2. Two classes of perforations are as described in Sections 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-4 AASHTO Figure 1Types of Corruga
28、ted Polypropylene Pipe 5. ORDERING INFORMATION 5.1. Orders using this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately describe the desired product: 5.1.1. AASHTO designation and year of issue; 5.1.2. Type of pipe (see Section 4.1); 5.1.3. Diameter and length required
29、, either total length or length of each piece and number of pieces; 5.1.4. Number of couplings; 5.1.5. Class of perforations (Class 2 is furnished if not specified) (see Section 7.3); and 5.1.6. Certification, if desired (see Section 12.1). Exterior WallInner Wall(Liner)Corrugationsor RibsValleyCrow
30、nTYPE CTYPE STYPE DCorrugationsor RibsCorrugationsor RibsValleyValley Inner Wall(Liner)CrownCrown 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-5 AASHTO 6. MATERIALS 6.1. Basic Materials:
31、6.1.1. Extruded Pipe and FittingsPipe and fittings shall be made of virgin polypropylene compounds meeting or exceeding the requirements in Table 1. Polypropylene compounds shall be comprised of the base polypropylene resin and all additives, colorants, UV inhibitors, and stabilizers. Conditioning,
32、sampling, preparation, and testing of specimens shall be in accordance with the requirements in ASTM D4101. Table 1Polypropylene Compound Properties Property ASTM Test Method Units (SI Units) Minimum Value Maximum Value Melt Flow Rate (446F (230C) D1238 g/10 min 0.15 1.50 Density D792, D1505 g/cm3(l
33、b/in.3) 0.900 (0.0325) 0.95 (0.0343) Tensile Strength at Yield D638 N/mm2(psi) 24 (3500) 31 (4500) Elongation at Yield D638 % (%) 5 (5) 25 (25) Flexural Modulus (1% secant) D790 N/mm2(psi) 1200 (175,000) 1900 (275,000) IZOD Impact Strength (73F (23C) D256 kJ/m2(ft-lb/in.2) 50 (23.8) No Break Oxidati
34、ve-Induction Time (392F (200C) D3895 min 25 200 6.1.2. Injection Blow Molded Fittings and CouplingsFittings and couplings shall be made of virgin polypropylene resins that conform with the requirements of PP 0500 H 464 as defined and described in ASTM D4101 in Table 1. Resins that have higher cell c
35、lassifications in one or more properties are acceptable provided product requirements are met. 6.2. Color and Ultraviolet Stabilization for Pipe and FittingsThe pipe shall be colored or black. Black polypropylene compounds shall have between 2.0 and 4.0 percent carbon black. Colored polypropylene co
36、mpounds shall be protected from ultraviolet (UV) degradation with UV stabilizers. 6.3. Reworked PlasticIn lieu of virgin PP, clean reworked plastic may be used by th e manufacturer, provided that it meets the requirements as described in Section 6.1 and as defined in Section 3.1.5. 6.4. Slow Crack G
37、rowthFor slow-crack-growth resistan ce of the pipe corrugation, PP resins pipe liner specimens shall be evaluated using the notched constant ligament stress test according to the procedure described in Section 9.4. The average failure time of the five test specimens shall exceed 100 h with no single
38、 test specimens failure time less than 71 h. 6.5. Long-Term Material PropertiesWhen tested in accordance with the procedure described in Section 9.8, the 75-year material properties for modulus of elasticity and tensile strength for polypropylene pipe shall be a minimum or 186 MPa (27,000 psi) and 7
39、 MPa (1,000 psi), respectively. 7. REQUIREMENTS 7.1. WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be free of foreign inclusions and visible defects as defined herein. The ends of the pipe shall be cut squarely and cleanly so as not to adversely affect joining or connecting. 2018 by the American Associatio
40、n of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4b M 330-6 AASHTO 7.1.1. Visible DefectsCracks, creases, delamination, a nd unpigmented or non-uniformly pigmented pipe are not permissible in the pipe or fittings as furnished. Ther
41、e shall be no evidence of cracks, splits, or delamination when tested in accordance with Section 9.2. 7.1.2. For Type S pipe, the inner wall (liner) shall be fused to the corrugations or ribs at all internal corrugation or rib valleys. For Type D pipe, both the inner wall (liner) and the exterior wa
42、ll shall be fused to or continuous with the internal corrugations or ribs. 7.2. Pipe Dimensions: 7.2.1. Nominal sizeThe nominal size for the pipe and fittings is based on the nom inal inside diameter of the pipe. Nominal diameters shall be 300, 375, 450, 525, 600, 675, 750, 900, 1050, 1200, 1350, an
43、d 1500 mm (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 in.). 7.2.2. Exterior wall and inner wall (Liner) ThicknessThe inner wall (liner) of Type S pipe and both the inner wall (liner) and the exterior wall of Type D pipe, shall have the following minimum thicknesses, when measured in accordan
44、ce with Section 9.6.4. Diameter, mm (in.) Inner Wall (Liner) and Exterior Wall Thickness, Minamm (in.) 300 (12) 0.9 (0.35) 375 (15) 1.0 (0.04) 450 (18) 1.3 (0.05) 525 (21) 1.5 (0.06) 600 (24) 1.5 (0.06) 675 (27) 1.5 (0.06) 750 (30) 1.5 (0.06) 900 (36) 1.7 (0.07) 1050 (42) 1.8 (0.07) 1200 (48) 1.8 (0
45、.07) 1350 (54) 2.0 (0.08) 1500 (60) 2.0 (0.08) aFor Type D profile, the minimum liner thickness shall also apply to the outer wall. 7.2.3. Inside Diameter TolerancesThe tolerance on the specified i nside diameter shall be 3 percent oversize and 1.5 percent undersize, but not more than 30 mm (1.2 in.
46、) oversize when measured in accordance with Section 9.6.1. 7.2.4. LengthCorrugated PP pipe m ay be sold in any length agreeable to the user. Lengths shall not be less than 99 percent of the stated quantity when measured in accordance with Section 9.6.2. 7.3. PerforationWhen perforated pipe is specif
47、ied, the perforations shall conf orm to the requirements of Class 2, unless otherwise specified in the order. Class 1 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for subsurface drainage or combination storm and underdrain. Class 2 perforations are for pipe intended to be used for subsurface draina
48、ge only. The perforations shall be cleanly cut so as not to restrict the inflow of water. Pipe connected by couplings or bands may be unperforated within 100 mm (4 in.) of each end of each length of pipe. Pipe connected by bell and spigot joints may not be perforated in the area of the bells and spi
49、gots. 7.3.1. Class 1 PerforationsThe perforations shall be approximately circular and shall hav e nominal diameters of not less than 5 mm (0.2 in.) nor greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) and shall be arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the pipe. The perforations shall be located in the external valleys with perforations in each row for each corrugation. The rows of perforations shall be arranged in two equal groups placed symmetrically on either side of the lower unperforated segment corresponding
