1、Standard Method of Test for Density of Soil In-Place by Block, Chunk, or Core Sampling AASHTO Designation: T 233-02 (2015) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-1a T 233-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test f
2、or Density of Soil In-Place by Block, Chunk, or Core Sampling AASHTO Designation: T 233-02 (2015) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method of test is intended to determine the density of cohesive soil in the natural state, compacted cohesive soil, and stabilized soil by measuring the weight and volume of undisturb
3、ed samples. 1.2. The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For the purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the li
4、miting value, in accordance with ASTM E29. 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4. Refer to R 16 for regulatory information for chemicals. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Materials R 16, Regulatory Info
5、rmation for Chemicals Used in AASHTO Tests T 217, Determination of Moisture in Soils by Means of a Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure Moisture Tester 2.2. ASTM Standard: E29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications 3. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
6、 3.1. Sampling ToolsTrowel, thick-blade spatula, knife, small spade suitable for removing sample, or a coring device suitable for obtaining an undisturbed sample. Diamond and carborundum saws may be used. 3.2. Balances and ScalesA balance or scale conforming to the requirements of M 231, Class G 20.
7、 Also, a balance conforming to the requirements of M 231, Class G 2. 3.3. Water Bath, for immersing the paraffin-coated sample in water while on the holder under the balance, equipped with an overflow outlet for maintaining a constant water level. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway an
8、d Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1a T 233-2 AASHTO 3.4. Volume Measuring DeviceAn overflow, volumetric displacement apparatus as shown in Figure 1, or similar. Note: All dimensions are shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. (See Ta
9、ble 1 for dimensional equivalents.) Figure 1Volumetric Displacement Apparatus Table 1Dimensional Equivalents mm in. 304.8 12 152.4 6 101.6 4 6.4 1/44.8 3/163.2 1/80.6 26 gauge 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violati
10、on of applicable law.TS-1a T 233-3 AASHTO Note 1The volume-measuring device is not needed if the suspension apparatus with holder (Section 3.2) and water bath (Section 3.3) is used. 3.5. OvenAn oven, stove, or other suitable equipment for drying soil samples for moisture content determination. 3.6.
11、ContainersContainers for moisture content samples, made of metal or other suitable material, and with close-fitting lids to prevent loss of moisture prior to or during mass determinations. Note 2The moisture content may also be determined in accordance with T 217. 3.7. Coating MaterialParaffin and a
12、 kettle or other container suitable for melting paraffin and dipping samples. 4. SAMPLING 4.1. Obtain a sample of the soil or stabilized soil by marking the area from which the desired sample is to be cut and digging the soil or stabilized soil from around it with a sharp tool, such as a trowel, spa
13、tula, knife, or small spade. Exercise care in digging around the sample to prevent disturbance of the soil structure. Sample the depth of the layer for which the density is desired. The minimum size of the untrimmed sample should be slightly greater than shown in Table 2, so as to provide for final
14、trimming (Section 5.2). Table 2Minimum Density-Sample Volumes and Minimum Moisture Content Samples Based on Maximum Size of Particle Maximum Particle Size Minimum Sample Volume Minimum Moisture Content Sample mm Alternate cm3ft3g 4.75 No. 4 Sieve 710 0.025 100 12.7 1/2in. 1415 0.050 250 25.0 1 in. 2
15、125 0.075 500 50 2 in. 2850 0.100 1000 63 21/2in. 3550 0.125 1500 4.2. Other suitable methods of obtaining the undisturbed sample include drilling with a coring device and cutting with a diamond or carborundum saw. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1. After removal of the undisturbed sample, take a representative mois
16、ture sample from the wall of the hole or from the trimmings obtained in cutting the undisturbed sample, place in a container, determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 g, dry to constant mass, and determine the moisture content. The minimum size of the moisture content sample, based on the maximum parti
17、cle size, is given in Table 2. 5.2. Trim any loose material from the undisturbed sample and determine the mass of the sample to the nearest 1.0 g. The minimum sample volume, after trimming, is given in Table 2. 5.3. Immerse the undisturbed sample in melted paraffin, being careful that the sample is
18、completely coated. Allow the paraffin coating to cool, and then determine the mass of the coated sample to the nearest 1.0 g. The gain in mass represents the mass of paraffin and the volume of the coating is calculated using the density of paraffin. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway
19、and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1a T 233-4 AASHTO 5.4. The volume of the paraffin-coated sample in water shall be determined by one of the following methods: 5.4.1. Determine the mass of the paraffin-coated sample submerged in the wat
20、er bath described in Section 3.3 and record the mass to the nearest 1.0 g. Determine the volume of the sample in accordance with Section 6.2. 5.4.2. Fill the volume measuring device (Figure 1) with water above the overflow. Permit the excess water to drain. Immerse the coated sample and determine th
21、e mass of the displaced water to the nearest 1.0 g. Determine the volume of the sample in accordance with Section 6.2. Note 3Kerosene or another suitable liquid may be used instead of water in the water bath (Section 3.3) to avoid the necessity for (1) coating the undisturbed sample with paraffin (S
22、ection 5.3) prior to immersion (Section 5.4) and (2) making a correction for the volume of the paraffin coating. 6. CALCULATIONS 6.1. Calculate the moisture content as follows: 100ABwBC= (1) where: w = percentage of moisture in the sample, based on dry mass of soil; A = mass of container and wet soi
23、l; B = mass of container and dry soil; and C = mass of container. 6.2. Calculate the in-place density (dry unit mass), D, of the soil, in kg/m3, as follows: pFEID= (2) mmFG HJDD= = (3) V JI= (4) ( )10001100wDDw=+(5) For determining D in lb/ft3, use: ( )62.431100wDDw=+(6) 2015 by the American Associa
24、tion of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-1a T 233-5 AASHTO where: E = mass of soil sample in grams; F = mass of paraffin-coated sample in grams; G = mass of submerged paraffin-coated sample in grams; H = mass of displaced
25、 water in grams; I = volume of paraffin in cubic centimeters; J = volume of paraffin-coated soil sample in cubic centimeters; V = volume of soil sample in cubic centimeters; Dp= density of paraffin in grams per cubic centimeter; Dm= density of water in grams per cubic centimeter; Dw= wet density of soil in grams per cubic centimeter; D = in-place density of soil in kg/m3(lb/ft3); and w = moisture content of soil, in percent. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
