1、Standard Method of Test for Measuring Adhesion of Hot-Poured Asphalt Crack Sealant Using Direct Adhesion Tester AASHTO Designation: T 370-181Technical Section: 4e, Joints, Bearings, and Geosynthetics Release: Group 2 (June) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North
2、 Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4e T 370-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Measuring Adhesion of Hot-Poured Asphalt Crack Sealant Using Direct Adhesion Tester AASHTO Designation: T 370-181Technical Section: 4e, Joints, Bearings, and Geosynthetics Release: Group 2 (June)
3、1. SCOPE 1.1. The direct adhesion test is used to determine the adhesion strength of hot-poured asphalt crack sealant at the application temperature as specified in MP 25 and PP 85. 1.2. The adhesion test is a test of fracture. The object of the test is to apply tensile forces to the interface betwe
4、en sealant and aluminum end pieces. Sealant is confined between two half-cylindrical aluminum end pieces. The applied force and displacement can be recorded as functions of time. Energy required to break the bond can be calculated by measuring the area under the load-displacement curve. This energy
5、can be considered a measure of bonding. In addition, the maximum force to failure can be reported as adhesion strength. 1.3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish and f
6、ollow appropriate health and safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: MP 25, Performance-Graded Hot-Poured Asphalt Crack Sealant PP 85, Grading or Verifying the Sealant Grade (SG) of a Hot-Poured Asphalt C
7、rack Sealant T 314, Determining the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Binder in Direct Tension (DT) T 367, Accelerated Aging of Hot-Poured Asphalt Crack Sealant Using a Vacuum Oven 2.2. ASTM Standards: D5167, Standard Practice for Melting of Hot-Applied Joint and Crack Sealant and Filler for Evaluation
8、 E1, Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers E77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e T 370-2
9、AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. adhesionthe maximum force and energy required to separate hot -poured asphalt crack sealant from a standard substrate. 3.1.2. hot-poured asphalt crack sealanthot -poured modified asphaltic material used in pavement cracks and joints. Note 1Based on the
10、references, hot -poured asphalt crack sealant is typically applied at a temperature of 160C or above. 4. SUMMARY OF METHOD 4.1. Hot-poured asphalt crack sealant material is homogenized, following the procedure given in ASTM D5167. For each test including four replicates, cut 40 g of sealant and heat
11、 to the manufacturers recommended pouring temperature. Sealant will be poured in the mold placed between the two half-cylindrical aluminum end pieces. The mold confines the sealant at the bottom and between the two aluminum end pieces at the sides. 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. This procedure is desi
12、gned to measure the adhesion of hot-poured asphalt crack sealant to aggregate. 5.2. Hot-poured asphalt crack sealant must be homogenized (ASTM D5167) before measuring the adhesion by this method. 6. APPARATUS 6.1. Direct Tension Test (DTT) DeviceThe DTT system consists of two metal grips to hold the
13、 specimen, an environment chamber, a loading device, and a control and data acquisition system. The instrument must meet the requirements stated in T 314. 6.2. Test Chamber A calibrated circulated temperature control system having a temperature range from 4 to 40C. The insulated test chamber shall b
14、e capable of maintaining the set temperature within 0.1C. 6.3. Laboratory OvenAny standard laboratory oven capable of producing and maintaining temperatures ranging up to 200C 2C. 6.4. Release AgentA proper release agent to prevent the crack sealant from sticking to the mo ld. A silicon-based releas
15、e agent is recommended. 6.5. Specimen MoldsSpecimen molds shall be made of aluminum Al-6061 with No. 32 grid interface surfaces. The aluminum molds shall have pieces and dimensions as shown in Figure 1. Note 2Mold interface is manufactured to No. 32 grid. It is recommended to perform a visual examin
16、ation of the interface surfaces before every test for dents, scratches, or bents. If the interface is visually deteriorated, replacement of the mold is recommended. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of appl
17、icable law.TS-4e T 370-3 AASHTO a. End Piece Dimensions b. Other End Piece Dimensions Note: All dimensions are in mm with a tolerance of 0.5 mm. Figure 1Aluminum Mold Pieces and Dimensions Continued on next page. Side View Front ViewTop View3520522 10310 10 103020230348510Side View Front ViewTop Vie
18、w3515522 10203302210 10 108.520 83430102 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e T 370-4 AASHTO c. Grip Piece Dimensions Note: All dimensions are in mm with a tolerance of 0.5 mm. Figure 1
19、Aluminum Mold Pieces and Dimensions (Continued) 7. HAZARDS 7.1. Standard laboratory caution should be used in handling hot asphalt crack sealant in accordance with ASTM D5167, and when using the direct tension tester (DTT). Required safety procedures should be followed when chemical agents are used.
20、 8. PREPARATION OF APPARATUS 8.1. The DTT bath must be adjusted to a specific temperature. The sitting posts must be leveled to function properly. 9. CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION 9.1. Temperature of the ovens should be calibrated according to each users quality assurance program. 9.2. Temperature
21、 of the test chamber should be calibrated according to each users quality assurance program. 9.3. Calibrated ThermometersCalibrated liquid-in-glass thermometers to verify the temperature transducer having suitable range with subdivisions of 0.1C. These thermometers shall be partial immersion thermom
22、eters with an ice point and shall be calibrated in accordance with ASTM E77 at least once per year. A suitable thermometer is designated 133C. An electronic thermometer of equal accuracy and resolution may be used. Top View Front ViewSide View2 220345720247 2018 by the American Association of State
23、Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e T 370-5 AASHTO 10. PREPARATION OF SAMPLES AND TEST SPECIMENS 10.1. All hot-poured asphalt crack sealants to be tested must undergo accelerated aging in accordance with T 367. It is recommend
24、ed that a minimum of 70 g of hot-poured asphalt crack sealant be prepared for a set of tests. 10.2. Once aged, hot-poured asphalt crack sealant should be molded, cooled, and stored for later use. To store the sealant, it is recommended that a can or plastic-lined box be used as a container. The mold
25、 must be of sufficient size that the sealant depth is no greater than 100 mm to allow for rapid cooling. 10.3. Adjust the ovens temperature to recommended pouring temperature for the sealant being tested. 10.4. Turn on the DTT machine, load the program, and cool the test chamber to test temperature.
26、 10.5. Place a half cylinder of aluminum end piece in each grip and tighten it. 10.6. Clean the mold setup with acetone. 10.7. Prepare the notch by applying the release agent. Slide the grip piece on the interface end piece to a pre-marked location (see Figure 2). Repeat the process for the other si
27、de. Figure 2Preparing the Notch 10.8. Assemble the mold, which is composed of an aluminum end piece on each side and an aluminum mold in between (see Figure 3). Wrap a rubber band around the mold to keep all the components in place. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportatio
28、n Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e T 370-6 AASHTO Figure 3Plac ing Two End Pieces on the Grip Piece of the Mold 10.9. Prepare a can of sealant by cutting 35 g of homogenized sealant for each set of four samples. 10.10. Place the can in the oven for 1
29、5 min. Remove can from the oven, stir the sealant thoroughly, and place it back in the oven for another 15 min. 10.11. Remove the can from the oven, stir the sealant thoroughly, and pour into all the assembled molds. Use four replicates for each sealant. Care should be taken in filling up the molds
30、to prevent trapping any air bubbles in the sample. 10.12. Let samples set for 1 h at room temperature. 10.13. Trim the excessive sealant away with a hot spatula. Move spatula once over and parallel to the interface of the sample. Trimming direction shall not be changed during trimming. Use a well- h
31、eated spatula to prevent any shearing of the sealant. 10.14. Remove the grip piece and place the specimens in the cooling bath. 10.15. Leave the specimens in the bath for 60 10 min prior to testing. 10.16. Adjust the machine so the sample can sit freely on the posts, and place the specimen on the po
32、sts. Care should be taken not to disturb the specimen. 10.17. Run the test and record the data. 11. CALCULATION OF RESULTS 11.1. Find the maximum load (Pmax) to failure and its correspondent displacement. 11.2. Find the bonding energy (E), by calculating the area under the load-displacement curve up
33、 to the maximum load and dividing it by the cross-sectional area of the aluminum end piece. 11.3. Report the Pmaxand E as the selection thresholds. 12. REPORT 12.1. Report the following information: 12.1.1. Sealant identification and supplier, 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Tr
34、ansportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e T 370-7 AASHTO 12.1.2. Lot number, 12.1.3. Date received, 12.1.4. Date of apparent viscosity measurement, 12.1.5. Recommended pouring temperature, 12.1.6. Safe heating temperature, 12.1.7. Any deviations
35、from test temperature, 12.1.8. Maximum load (Pmax), nearest N, and 12.1.9. Bonding energy, nearest 1 J/m2. 13. PRECISION AND BIAS 13.1. Single-Operator Precision (Repeatability)The results obtained in the same laboratory, by the same operator using the same equipment, in the shortest practical perio
36、d of time, should not be considered suspect unless the difference in the two results, expressed as a percent of their mean, exceeds the value given in Table 1. Table 1Preci sion Estimates Condition Coefficient of Variation (1s%)aSingle-operator precision: Average peak load (N) 19.3 aThe precision es
37、timate given in Table 1 is based on the analysis of test results from seven sealants with a wide range of rheological properties. The data analyzed include results from two operators in the same laboratory who conducted each test in four replicates. 14. KEYWORDS 14.1. Adhesion; bond; crack; fillers;
38、 hot-poured asphalt crack sealant; joint. 15. REFERENCES 15.1. Al-Qadi, I. L., J. F. Masson, E. Fini, S. H. Yang, and K. K. McGhee. Development of Performance-Based Guidelines for Selection of Bituminous-Based Hot-Poured Pavement Crack Sealant: An Executive Summary Report. VTRC 09-CR7. Virginia Tran
39、sportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA, 2009. Available online at http:/vtrc.virginiadot.org/PubDetails.aspx?PubNo=09-CR7. 15.2. Al-Qadi, I. L., J. F. Masson, A. Loulizi, P. Collins, J. R. Woods, S. Bundalo-Perc, and K. K. McGhee. Long-Term Accelerated Aging and Low Temperature BBR Testing
40、 of Sealants. Interim Report No. B5508-5. National Research Council of Canada, 2004, p. 262. 15.3. Al-Qadi, I. L., E. H. Fini, H. D. Figueroa, J. F. Masson, and K. K. McGhee. Adhesion Testing Procedure for Hot-Poured Crack Sealants, Final Report. No. ICT-08-026. Illinois Center for 2018 by the Ameri
41、can Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4e T 370-8 AASHTO Transportation, Rantoul, IL, December 2008. Available online at https:/www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/45986/ICT-08-026.pdf?sequence=2.
42、15.4. Sawalha, M. S. (2016). Development of Adhesive Test for Hot-Poured Crack Sealants, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1Formerly AASHTO Provisional Standard TP 89. First published as a full standard in 2017. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
