1、Standard Method of Test for Evaluation of Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) AASHTO Designation: TP 102-161 Release: Group 3 (August 2016) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2b TP 102-1 AASHTO Standard Meth
2、od of Test for Evaluation of Asphalt Release Agents (ARAs) AASHTO Designation: TP 102-161Release: Group 3 (August 2016) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method covers the laboratory performance evaluation of asphalt release agents (ARAs). These ARAs are used for coating metal on truck beds, pavers, rollers, slat
3、elevators, and hand tools to prevent asphalt binder or hot mix asphalt (HMA) from adhering. The ARAs should perform this function without causing degradation (stripping) of the HMA. 1.2. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It does not purport to address all safe
4、ty concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the T
5、esting of Materials M 320, Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder M 323, Superpave Volumetric Mix Design M 332, Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder Using Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test T 85, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate T 312, Preparing and Determining the Density of Asph
6、alt Mixture Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor 2.2. ASTM Standards: D92, Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester D93, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester D1193, Standard Specification for Reagent Water D147
7、5, Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products D2369, Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings D3625, Standard Practice for Effect of Water on Bituminous-Coated Aggregate Using Boiling Water E70, Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with t
8、he Glass Electrode E502, Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods E1252, Standard Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infrared Spectra for Qualitative Analysis 2.3. Other Standards: 2016 by the Amer
9、ican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-2 AASHTO Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Hazardous Waste Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 261, Subpart D, List of Hazardous Was
10、te CFR Title 29, Hazard Communication 3. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 3.1. The test method uses three key performance measures: 3.1.1. In the Asphalt Stripping Test, a sample of HMA is soaked in the ARA for seven days, alongside a control sample of ARA with no HMA. The samples are evaluated at the end of
11、the soak period to determine the degree of stripping that occurred. Gravimetric weights are also taken and calculated to determine weight loss. 3.1.2. In the Mixture Slide Test, a sample of HMA is applied to a steel plate that has been treated with the ARA. The plate is tilted to allow the HMA to sl
12、ide free. The amount of retained hot mix is recorded for each application cycle. This process is repeated two more times. The degree of adhesion to the metal plate is determined by gain in weight. 3.1.3. In the Asphalt Performance Test, hot asphalt binder is poured onto the same treated metal plate
13、used in Section 3.1.2, allowed to cool, and then pulled away. The amount of retained binder is recorded for each application cycle. This process is repeated until a minimum of 10 percent of the asphalt binder has adhered to the metal plate. The degree of adhesion to the metal plate is determined by
14、gain in weight. 3.2. The flash point, infrared spectrum (FTIR), percent solids, specific gravity, and pH of the ARA are measured and recorded. 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1. The Asphalt Stripping Test measures the tendency for the ARA to alter the asphalt binder or remove asphalt binder from the HMA.
15、The agent is evaluated in both its concentrated, non-diluted strength form and at the dilution ratio recommended for use by the manufacturer. 4.2. The Mixture Slide Test simulates a metal truck bed to determine the tendency of the HMA to adhere to the metal bed when the ARA is used. 4.3. The Asphalt
16、 Performance Test measures the tendency for asphalt binder to adhere to metal on truck beds, pavers, rollers, slat elevators, or tools when the ARA is used. 4.4. The HMA used for testing is made under Superpave mix design standards to provide an HMA with repeatable behavior that will not tend to exh
17、ibit stripping when exposed to water. 4.5. The flash point will be used to determine product safety. The infrared spectrum (FTIR), percent solids, specific gravity, and pH are intended to be used as reference parameters to verify product formulations of future samples. 4.6. This method is intended t
18、o determine the properties of these materials. Acceptability of a material, based upon the data generated as a result of the testing and evaluation in this practice, is the responsibility of the user. 4.7. Standard laboratory conditions are defined as a temperature of 25 4C (77 7F). 2016 by the Amer
19、ican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-3 AASHTO 5. ASPHALT STRIPPING TEST 5.1. Apparatus: 5.1.1. Containerseight (8) 0.5-L (1-pt) glass canning jars or equivalent with a lid for sealing; 5.1.2. Ove
20、ncapable of maintaining a minimu m temperature of 60 1C (140 2F) and 143 1C (290 2F); 5.1.3. Sieve2 mm (No. 10) or similar, 8 in. diameter; 5.1.4. Filter Paperswhite, approx. 10 in. diameter, strong enough to support the w eight of the HMA mixture and the ARA liquid without tearing or ripping, such
21、as a Brew-Rite Coffee Filter (Bunn-style) Commercial or similar; and 5.1.5. Balance5,000-g capacity readable to 0 .01 g and accurate to 0.02 g meeting the requirements of a Class G1 as defined in M 231, Table 2. 5.2. Materials: 5.2.1. Either a plant- or a laboratory-mixed sample of HMA meeting the f
22、ollowing requirements: 5.2.1.1. Meets M 323, Table 3 requirements for 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) nominal maximum aggregate size. 5.2.1.2. Contains an asphalt binder meeting the requirements of PG 58-28 as defined in M 320, Table 1. 5.2.1.3. The percent absorption of the coarse aggregates in the HMA is less t
23、han 0.5 percent when tested according to T 85. 5.2.1.4. Prepared according to the procedure outlined in T 312, Section 8 for HMA Mixture Preparation. 5.2.1.5. Tested and passed TxDOT Test Procedure Tex-530-C, “Effect of Water on Bituminous Paving Mixtures,” with zero (0) percent stripping. Provide t
24、he documentation to support the test results. 5.2.2. Reagent water, Type II according to ASTM D1193. 5.3. Procedure: 5.3.1. Obtain 1,000 g of a representative sample of HMA as specified in Section 5.2.1. Heat the mixture to 143C (290F) for 45 to 60 min. 5.3.2. Split 600 g of HMA into six equal amoun
25、ts of 100 1 g each. Weigh each 100-g sample to the nearest 0.01 g, and record each mass as Wi, and place each 100 g sample into six of the eight 0.5-L (1-pt) glass containers. 5.3.3. Pour 180 mL of the non-diluted ARA into one of the six glass jars containing the HMA described in Section 5.3.2, ensu
26、ring the sample is completely covered by the ARA. Repeat this step with two additional glass containers holding the HMA. 5.3.4. Pour additional non-diluted ARA into one of the two remaining empty containers to the same level as those in Section 5.3.3 and use this material as the control sample. 5.3.
27、5. When applicable, for testing of diluted ARA, prepare a minimum of 2,000 mL of ARA diluted with reagent water to the concentration (dilution ratio) recommended by the manufacturer. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a
28、violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-4 AASHTO 5.3.6. Pour 180 mL of the diluted ARA into one of the remaining 3 glass containers holding the HMA described in Section 5.3.2, ensuring the sample is completely covered by the ARA. Repeat this step with two additional glass containers holding the HMA
29、. 5.3.7. Pour additional diluted ARA into the last empty container to the same level as those in Section 5.3.6 and use this material as the control sample. 5.3.8. Cover the eight containers and leave them undisturbed at standard laboratory conditions for 168 2 h. 5.3.9. At the end of the specified t
30、ime while retaining the HMA and liquid in the jars, compare the color of each replicate of HMA and ARA samples against the control samples. 5.3.10. Weigh six filter papers each to the nearest 0.01 g and record the mass of each one. 5.3.11. Place a white filter paper into the sieve. Pour one replicat
31、e of the non-diluted strength sample onto the filter paper inside the sieve, and with room temperature tap water, lightly rinse the mixture and agent until “clean,” i.e., the color of the ARA has turned clear or ceases to foam during the rinsing. Using a new filter paper for each sample/replicate, r
32、epeat with the other two non-diluted strength and all three diluted strength replicate samples. 5.3.12. Place all six washed replicate samples with their filter papers into the 60C (140F) oven for 24 1 h. Remove the replicates, allow them to cool to room temperature, weigh each replicate to the near
33、est 0.01 g and record. Subtract the mass of each filter paper from the combined mass and record to the nearest 0.01 g as fW . 5.3.13. Visually observe the aggregate (coarse and fine) for retained asphalt binder coating for all six replicates. Any thin, brownish, translucent areas are to be considere
34、d fully coated. Examination of the sample under a light and low magnification may aid in the visual observation of the retained coating. 5.3.14. Rate the non-diluted and the diluted strength asphalt ARA replicates according to the following rating system: No StrippingNo stripping or discoloration oc
35、curred. See Figure 1. Slight StrippingDiscoloratio n of the ARA. See Figure 2. Moderate StrippingDiscoloration of the ARA and stripping of the fine aggregate. See Figures 3 and 4. Severe StrippingDiscoloration of the ARA and stripping of the coarse and fine aggregate. See Figures 5 and 6. 2016 by th
36、e American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-5 AASHTO Figure 1No Stripping. Figure 2Slight StrippingDiscoloration of the ARA. Figure 3Moderate StrippingDiscoloration of the ARA. 2016 by the America
37、n Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-6 AASHTO Figure 4Moderate StrippingStripping of the Fine Aggregate. Figure 5Severe StrippingDiscoloration of the ARA. 2016 by the American Association of State H
38、ighway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-7 AASHTO Figure 6Severe StrippingStripping of the Coarse and Fine Aggregate. 5.3.15. Calculate the percent loss or gain of the initial sample mass as follows: 100ifiWWWW where: W = chan
39、ge in the HMA sample mass in percent iW = initial mass of the HMA sample to the nearest 0.01 g (from Section 5.3.2) fW = final mass of the HMA sample after dry back to the nearest 0.01 g (from Section 5.3.12) 6. MIXTURE SLIDE TEST 6.1. Apparatus: 6.1.1. Ovencapable of maintaining a minimu m temperat
40、ure of 143 1C (290 2F); 6.1.2. Unit Weight Bucketa 2831.7-cm3(0.1-ft3) unit weight bucket filled with sand to a mass of 4.5 kg (10 lb); 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-8 AASH
41、TO 6.1.3. Plateone 16-gauge steel or aluminum plate, 305 by 305 mm (12 by 12 in.) to 457 by 457 mm (18 by 18 in.), with a textured surface that simulates the inside of a typical truck bed used for hauling HMA; 6.1.4. Balance5,000 g capacity readable to 0 .01 g and accurate to 0.02 g meeting the requ
42、irements of a Class G1 as defined in M 231, Table 2; 6.1.5. Waxed paperstandard waxed paper; 6.1.6. Spray bottleused to apply the ARA. A pressu re sprayer with a variable nozzle may be required for ARAs that are too viscous to be sprayed from a spray bottle; and 6.1.7. Miscellaneous equipmenta 1-L m
43、etal container, a large sample p an, a scoop, and a spatula. These are used to work with the HMA. 6.2. Materials: 6.2.1. Either a plant- or a laboratory-mixed sample of HMA meeting the following requirements: 6.2.1.1. Meets M 323, Table 3 requirements for 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) nominal maximum aggregate
44、size. 6.2.1.2. Uses an asphalt binder modified with SBR, SBS, or similar polymer and meeting the requirements of PG 76-22 as defined in M 320, Table 1 or PG 64E-22 as defined in M 332. 6.2.1.3. The percent absorption of the coarse aggregates in the HMA is less than 0.5 percent when tested according
45、to T 85. 6.2.1.4. Prepared according to the procedure outlined in T 312, Section 8 for HMA Mixture Preparation. 6.3. Procedure: 6.3.1. Obtain 2,000 g of a representative sample of HMA. Heat the HMA to 143C (290F) for 45 to 60 min. 6.3.2. Place the unit weight bucket filled with sand in an oven and h
46、eat it to 143C (290F) for 45 to 60 min. 6.3.3. Spray the top surface of the metal plate, placed in the horizontal direction (flat), with the ARA at the recommended dilution rate so that the surface is evenly coated. 6.3.4. Allow the metal plate to stand undisturbed for 5 min. 6.3.5. Weigh the metal
47、plate to the nearest 0.01 g and record. 6.3.6. Place 500 10 g of the HMA on the metal plate. 6.3.7. Place a sheet of waxed paper on top of the HMA. 6.3.8. Place the sand-filled unit weight bucket on top of the waxed paper and HMA. 6.3.9. Allow the HMA and the sand-filled unit weight bucket to stand
48、for 1 h 5 min. 6.3.10. Remove the unit weight bucket and waxed paper from the top of the HMA. 2016 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2b TP 102-9 AASHTO 6.3.11. Tilt the metal plate to approxi
49、mately a 45-degree angle and tap the bottom edge of the plate three times on the table to help loosen the HMA from the plate. Hold the plate at the tile angle and allow the mixture to fall freely to the table. Discard this HMA. Do not remove any HMA remaining on the plate. Weigh the metal plate to the nearest 0.01 g and record. 6.3.12. Repeat steps in Sections 6.3.6 through 6.3.11 two additional times, without respraying or removing retained HMA on the metal
