1、Standard Method of Test for Determination of the Voids of Dry Compacted Filler AASHTO Designation: TP 117-151American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-2d TP 117-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Determinat
2、ion of the Voids of Dry Compacted Filler AASHTO Designation: TP 117-1511. SCOPE 1.1. This document specifies the procedure for determining the voids of dry compacted filler by means of a Rigden Apparatus. This test allows for measuring the percent volume of free asphalt that a filler can carry. The
3、test is applicable to natural and manufactured fillers. 1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropr
4、iate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. ASTM Standards: D4753, Standard Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Test
5、ing D5550, Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer E145, Standard Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens 2.2. Other: European Norm (EN) 1097-4: Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Definitions: 3.1.1. air
6、 voidsvolume of space in a filler occupied by air. 3.1.2. filleraggregate passing a 0.075-mm sieve. 4. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 4.1. This test allows for measuring the percent volume of free asphalt a filler can carry using the Rigden apparatus. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Tr
7、ansportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 117-2 AASHTO 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1. This test allows for measuring the percent of voids in compacted filler that can be used in determination of the volume of free asphalt a filler can carry. 6. A
8、PPARATUS 6.1. The assembly of the Rigden apparatus is illustrated in Figure 1. Details of the system components are as follows: Figure 1Rigden Apparatus 6.1.1. Dropping block (1)A block containing a hollow cylinder with a flat, closed bottom: a) Inner diameter = 25.0 1 mm b) Inner height = 65 5 mm c
9、) Mass = 525 5 g 6.1.2. Plunger (2)Cylinder placed on top of filler sample: a) Length = 10 mm b) Mass = 350 1 g c) The plunger shall be provided with a circumferential groove 5 mm from its lower end to accommodate filler that works up the side of the cylinder while in use. This groove shall be 2 to
10、3 mm wide and 1 to 2 mm deep. Note 1The difference in diameter of the plunger and the inner diameter of the dropping block shall be 0.4 0.1 mm. (4) Tare Boring(2) Plunger(5) Pilot Bar(1) Dropping Block(3) Base Plate 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All r
11、ights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 117-3 AASHTO 6.1.3. Base plate (3)Can be rectangular or circular: a) Minimum thickness = 20 mm b) Rectangular: Minimum length = 150 mm Minimum width = 100 mm c) Circular: Minimum diameter = 140 mm 6.1.4. Tare boring (4)Bore hole a
12、long the longitudinal axis of the plunger: a) Diameter = 1.6 0.1 mm b) Length = 10 mm 6.1.5. Pilot Bars (5): a) Must be exactly parallel preferably by the use of spacer(s). It may be necessary to use an additional bar in combination with a spacer mechanism to ensure that pilot bars are held exactly
13、parallel. b) The dropping height is indicated by a stop on the pilot bars. The maximum dropping height = 102 1 mm 6.1.6. Filter paper20 5 g/m2, 25 1 mm diameter. 6.1.7. Depth Caliper or Dial GaugeUsed to measure compacted filler height. Minimum resolution of 0.01 mm. 6.1.8. BalanceRequired to have a
14、 minimum capacity of 100 g with minimum accuracy of 0.2 g and Type I Readability of 0.01 g. A balance classified as GP2 in ASTM D4753 meets these requirements. 6.1.9. Forced-Draft OvenCapable of maintaining temperatures of at least 110 3C. Ovens designated as Type IIA or Type IIB in ASTM E145 meet t
15、his requirement. 7. SAMPLE PREPARATION 7.1. The test requires use of dry mineral filler. To ensure that there is no remaining moisture in the filler, spread at least 50 grams of filler in an appropriate-sized vessel and dry in a forced-draft oven at a temperature of 110 5C. Monitor sample mass at re
16、gular intervals and continue drying until a constant mass has been achieved, as indicated by no change in mass after consecutive readings taken at an interval of at least one hour. 7.2. After constant mass is achieved, remove the filler from the oven and allow it to cool to room temperature prior to
17、 testing. It is estimated that it is necessary to wait at least 90 minutes to allow filler to cool prior to testing. 8. PROCEDURE 8.1. Determine filler density according to ASTM D5550. 8.2. Cut filter paper to a diameter of 25 mm and insert it into the empty dropping block cylinder. This step is dep
18、icted in Figure 2. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 117-4 AASHTO Figure 2Insertion of Filter Paper into Empty Cylinder 8.3. Determine the zero height, h0by using the caliper to me
19、asure the height of the cylinder from the top of the dropping block to the filter paper at the bottom. Three measurements spaced approximately 90 degrees apart should be made. The average height of these three readings is designated as h0. This step is depicted in Figure 3. Figure 3Measurements to D
20、etermine Zero Height, h0(The calipers depth probe is being used to make measurements.) 8.4. Place the dropping block cylinder with the filter paper inside on the balance and record the mass to the nearest 0.01 g. This weight is designated as m0; after recording m0, take the dropping block cylinder o
21、ff the balance and remove the filter paper (see Figure 4). 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 117-5 AASHTO Figure 4Weighing of Filler and Pouring into Dropping Block Cylinder 8.5. P
22、lace a circular piece of paper or other vessel on the balance. Add 10 1 g of mineral filler and pour into the dropping block cylinder by rolling the piece of paper or using a funnel. Ensure the filler is distributed evenly throughout the cylinder by tapping the side of the dropping block. 8.6. Place
23、 the filter paper in the dropping block cylinder on top of the filler, and insert the plunger. While inserting the plunger, monitor the sides of the dropping block cylinder to ensure that all filler stays below the filter paper and does not migrate up the side of the dropping block cylinder. If fill
24、er is lost, the sample must be discarded and a new sample prepared. 8.7. Seat the plunger into the dropping block cylinder by applying a slight downward force. Apply sufficient force at a slow rate to seat the plunger and maintain the integrity of the sample. 8.8. Place the dropping block cylinder b
25、etween the pilot bars on the base plate and raise to contact the upper stop. Raise the dropping block only to make contact; do not raise it in a fashion that exerts a significant force on the upper stop. During compaction, the apparatus shall be securely clamped or screwed onto a sturdy, non-flexibl
26、e, and even base (see Figure 5). Figure 5Placement of the Dropping Block Cylinder between the Pilot Bars and Raising of the Dropping Block Cylinder to Contact the Upper Stop 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation
27、 of applicable law.TS-2d TP 117-6 AASHTO 8.9. Release the dropping block and let it fall freely to contact the base plate. Repeat 100 times at approximately one-second intervals. 8.10. After 100 impacts, remove the plunger from the dropping block cylinder. Remove the plunger in a fashion that minimi
28、zes disturbing the compacted bed. 8.11. Measure from the top of the dropping block cylinder to the top of the compacted filler specimen, using the calipers depth probe (see Figure 3). Record measurement to the nearest 0.01 mm; this value is designated as h1. 8.12. Place the dropping block cylinder o
29、n the scale and record the weight to the nearest 0.01g. This weight includes the weight of the dropping block cylinder, compacted filler, and filter paper. The value is designated as m1. 8.13. Determine the height of the compacted filler defined as h by using the following equation: h = h0 h1. 8.13.
30、1. Determine the mass of the compacted filler defined as m by using the following equation: m = m1 m0. 8.14. Clean the device thoroughly, and repeat twice for a total of three replicates. 8.15. Alternatively, the following process can be used for determination of the height of the compacted bed. 8.1
31、5.1. Place filter paper in the dropping block, then place the plunger in the dropping block. Measure the height from the bottom of the block to the top of the plunger (h1). 8.15.2. Remove plunger and filter paper. 8.15.3. Add sample and replace filter paper. 8.15.4. Follow Sections 8.6 to 8.12 to co
32、mpact the sample. 8.15.5. Measure the height from the bottom of the dropping block to the top of the plunger (h0). 8.15.6. Calculate the compacted bed height, h= h0 h1. 9. CALCULATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 9.1. Calculate the percent of voids in the compacted filler, with an accuracy of 0.1 p
33、ercent, as follows: 3210% 1 1002mVoidsDh= (1) where: m = Mass of compacted filler, D = Inner diameter of the dropping block cylinder, = Specific gravity of filler, and h = Height of compacted filler. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved.
34、Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-2d TP 117-7 AASHTO 10. REPORT 10.1. Report the following, if known: 10.1.1. Sample identification (i.e., source and mineralogy). 10.1.2. Average void percentage of three replicates. 11. PRECISION AND BIAS 11.1. Based on EN 1097-4, repeatability and rep
35、roducibility are as follows: 11.1.1. Repeatability4.5 percent. 11.1.2. Reproducibility5 percent. 12. KEYWORDS 12.1. Fractional voids; mineral filler. 1This provisional standard was first published in 2015. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
