1、DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEHANDBOOKELECTRONIC PARTS, MATERIALS, ANDPROCESSES FOR SPACE AND LAUNCHVEHICLESThis handbook is for guidance only.Do not cite this document as a requirementAMSC N/A FSC 1820NOT MEASUREMENTSENSITIVEMIL-HDBK-1547A06 July 1998SUPERSEDINGMIL-HDBK-154709 November 1997Provided by IHSNo
2、t for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1547AiiFOREWORD1. This military handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agenciesof the Department of Defense (DoD).2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as arequiremen
3、t. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply.3. This Handbook was developed to aid Designers and Parts, Materials, andProcesses (PMP) specialists with the design, development, and fabricationof electronic systems required to have long life and/or high reliability whileoperating under extreme
4、conditions/ environments of Space and LaunchVehicles. The term “electronic” is used in a broad sense in this handbookand includes electrical, electromechanical, electromagnetic, and electro-optical parts associated with electronic assemblies such as computers,communication equipment, electrical powe
5、r, guidance, instrumentation, andspace vehicles.4. Analysis of space mission failures and on orbit anomalies by the USAFSpace Systems Division revealed that the non-availability of reliable spacequality electronic piece parts was a serious deterrent to achieving spacemission success. In responding t
6、o this problem, the USAF Space SystemsDivision had initiated a program, documented in MIL-STD-1546, with theobjective of establishing a “space quality baseline“ of parts, materials, andprocesses that have a proven track record of high reliability. In addition, astandard was developed (MIL-STD-1547)
7、to document the technicalrequirements for parts, materials, and processes for space and launchvehicles.5. The objective of MIL-STD-1547 as a parts, materials, and processes controlprogram standard was to ensure a technical baseline in the selection,application, procurement, control and standardizati
8、on of parts (electrical andmechanical), materials, and processes for space and launch vehicles, toreduce overall program costs, and to improve the reliability of space andlaunch vehicles.6. This Handbook was derived from the MIL-STD-1547 and individual piecepart specifications in an effort to preser
9、ve the known reliabilitycharacteristics of space level qualified and flown PMP items which establishthe “space quality baseline”. These characteristics are the basis for reliabilitypredictions and part failure prediction models used in MIL-HDBK-217 whichmay be used as basis for evaluation of new tec
10、hnologies and productimprovements. In addition, the individual component Military Specificationcriteria previously called out in MIL-STD-1547 for individual items will nolonger be available since most of these Military Specifications are eitherchanged to Performance Specifications, Test Standards, o
11、r canceled.7. This handbook information is based on the lessons learned from over 30years of space flight history and provides the basis for estimating of PMPelement Application Information, Design and Construction Considerations,and Quality Assurance Provisions for the proposed Design Application.8
12、. Space and Launch Vehicles are mostly “single string” without redundantsystems, except for the most critical components, due to weight and sizeconsiderations, and are required to perform to designed specifications everytime and cannot be replaced in flight. Any component failures could causeProvide
13、d by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1547Aiiiperformance degradation and even mission failure. In todays environmentof “faster, better, cheaper”, high rate of technological turn-over andobsolescence, and push towards the use of “Best Ind
14、ustry Practices” thesystem designers and PMP specialists are faced with a real challenge.9. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and anypertinent data which may be of use in improving the document should beaddressed to SMC/AXMP, 160 Skynet Street Suite 2315, Los Angeles AFB,El
15、 Segundo, CA 90245-4683 by using a Standardization DocumentImprovement Proposal (DoD Form 1426).Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1547AivTABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWARD . .ii1. SCOPE 11.1 PURPOSE . 11.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE HANDBOOK 1
16、1.3 APPLICATION OF THE HANDBOOK 12.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 23.0 DEFINITIONS34.0 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 64.2 APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS . 64.3 PART DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 124.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 13SECTION 100 BOARDS, PRINTED WIRING 14SECTION 200 CAPACITORS, INTRODUCTION 25SECTION 210 CERAM
17、IC (CKS) MIL-C-123, (HVR) MIL-C-49467 . 26SECTION 230 FIXED, FILM METALLIZED/NONMETALLIZED(CRH,CRS) MIL-C-83421/1,/2,/3,/4 (CHS) MIL-C-87217, AND (CQR) MIL-C-19978 . 32SECTION 240 FIXED GLASS CAPACITORS (CYR) MIL-C-23269, (CMS) MIL-C-87164 . 39SECTION 260 FIXED, TANTALUM FOIL (CLR)MIL-C-39006 42At +
18、25 C AND +85 C 4 7SECTION 270 FIXED, ELECTROLYTIC, TANTALUM SOLID (CSR 13, CSR 33 ) MIL-C-39003 /1and /6 AND (CWR) MIL-C-55365 49SECTION 280 FIXED, TANTALUM-TANTALUM CAPACITOR (SINTERED WET SLUG, CLS 79Part Two is the EEE Parts Section whichcomprises all the specific parts sections. (i.e. Capacitors
19、, Fuses, etc.); Each of theindividual Parts Sectiona are further organized into two (2) areas: a General Sectiondetailing all the technologies covered, recommended application and applicationinformation for each technology, Design and Construction information for each, andgeneral Quality Assurance p
20、rovisions for the individual Part Section; the second areacontains individual detail sections for each major technology covered by the individualPart Section.1.3 Application of the Handbook This handbook is a guide and referencedocument intended to aid designers and parts engineers in the Parts Desi
21、gnApplication Selection, Specification, and Verification for systems intended to be usedin Space Flight and Launch Vehicles .Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1547A22.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTSNONEProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo re
22、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1547A33.0 DEFINITIONSTerms are in accordance with the following definitions:ACQUISITION ACTIVITY The acquisition activity is the Government office or contractororganization acquiring the equipment, system, or subsystem.CASE TEM
23、PERATURE The Case Temperature (T C ) is the temperature measured (typically thehottest temperature point found on the mounting surface of the device) on the external surface of thedevices package. The T C is determined in accordance with the applicable specification standard.CHANGE CONTROL BOARD (CC
24、B) Change Control Board (CCB) is an organizationestablished by the Contractor for managing and control of product changes.CONTRACTING OFFICER A contracting officer is a person with the authority to enter into,administer, or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term i
25、ncludesauthorized representatives of the contracting officer acting within the limits of their authority asdelegated by the contracting officer.DERATING Derating of a part is the intentional reduction of its applied stress, with respect to itsrated designed stress capabilities, for the purpose of pr
26、oviding a margin between the applied stressand the demonstrated designed limit of the parts capabilities. Typical derating parameters are:applied Voltage, Current, Power, and Operating Temperature. Derating criteria is part type,technology, and design application dependent and is used by the Arheniu
27、s Reliability PredictionModel for in system operating life predictions. Therefore, the higher the derating margin the longer thepart is expected to operate in the system.DESTRUCTIVE PHYSICAL ANALYSIS (DPA) A Destructive Physical Analysis (DPA) is asystematic, logical, detailed examination of parts d
28、uring various stages of disassembly, conducted ona sample of completed parts from a given lot, to verify part Design and Construction, Workmanship,and Processing controls. The purpose of these analyses is to maintain configuration control anddetermine those lots of parts, delivered by a vendor, whic
29、h have anomalies or defects such that theycould, at some later date, cause a degradation or catastrophic failure of a system. Anomalies foundthrough DPA, and determined to have an impact to the part design application, are typicallysegregated into screenable (this means that the entire lot is subjec
30、ted to a specified screen(s) prior topart stocking) and unscreenable (which will typically cause lot rejection) anomaliesELECTRONIC PARTS The term “electronic“ is used in a broad sense in this handbook andincludes electrical, electromagnetic, electromechanical, and electro -optical devices. These pa
31、rts areassociated with electronic assemblies such as computers, communication equipment, electrical powersupplies, guidance, instrumentation, and space vehicles. Connectors are also classified as electronicparts.END -OF -LIFE DESIGN LIMIT The End -of -Life design limits for an item are the expectedv
32、ariations in its electrical parameters over its period of use in its design environment. The parametervariations are expressed as a percentage change beyond the specified minimum and maximumvalues. Circuit designs should accommodate these variations over the life of the system.Provided by IHSNot for
33、 ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1547A4HOT-WELDED CAN A Hot-Welded Can is a cap-sealed component utilizingthermocompression attachment of the cap to the base of the device.INTEGRATED PRODUCT TEAM (IPT) The Integrated Product Te am (IPT) is a formal
34、organization consisting of members from the Contracting Officer representatives, Contractor andSubcontractor representatives established to manage and control the program activities.MANUFACTURING BASELINE The manufacturing baseline is a detailed description of themanufacturing and of the sequence of
35、 operations necessary to produce a specific item, part, ormaterial. The manufacturing baseline includes all associated documentation and revisions, that areidentified or referenced, such as: that pertaining to the procurement and receiving inspection, storage,and inventory control of parts and mater
36、ials used; the manufacturing processes; the manufacturingfacilities, tooling, and test equipment; the in -process manufacturing controls; the operator training andcertification; and the inspection and other quality assurance provisions imposed. ManufacturingBaseline includes a manufacturing process
37、list (identifying each document by title, number, date ofissue, applicable revision, and date of revision), the manufacturing sequence (normally in the form ofa flow chart), and the manufacturing processes (normally in the form of travelers used for part and lotprocessing).MATERIAL Material is a met
38、allic or nonmetallic element, alloy, mixture, or compound used in amanufacturing operation which becomes either a temporary or permanent portion of the manufactureditem or which can leave a remnant, residue, coating, or other material that becomes or affects apermanent portion of a manufactured item
39、.MATERIAL LOT A lot of material refers to material produced as a single batch or in a singlecontinuous operation or production cycle and offered for acceptance at any one time.PART A part is one piece, or two or more pieces joined together, which are not normally subjected todisassembly without dest
40、ruction or impairment of its designed use.PARTS, MATERIALS, AND PROCESSES CONTROL BOARD (PMPCB) The PMPCB is a formalcontractor organization, formally established by contract direction to manage and control theselection, application, procurement, and documentation of parts, materials, and processes
41、used inequipment, systems, or subsystems.PERCENT DEFECTIVE ALLOWABLE (PDA) The Percent Defective Allowable (PDA) of aproduction lot of parts or materials is the maximum allowable percentage of parts or materialspecimens that fail to pass one or more tests before the entire production lot is consider
42、ed to beunacceptable.PROCESS A process is an operation, treatment, or procedure used during a step in themanufacture of a material, part, or an assembly.PRODUCTION LOT Unless otherwise specified in the detail specification, a production lot ofparts refers to a group of parts of a single part type; d
43、efined by a single design and part number;produced in a single production run by means of the same production processes, the same tools andmachinery, same raw material, and the same manufacturing and quality controls; and to the samebaseline document revisions and tested within the same period of ti
44、me. All parts in the same lot havethe same lot date code, batch number, or equivalent identification.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1547A5REGISTERED PART, MATERIAL AND PROCESSES (PMP) A registered PMP is a part, material,or
45、process which is registered with the PMPCB to call attention to special reliability, quality, or otherconcerns, relating to its procurement or application. Registered PMP includes, but is not limited to,reliability suspect PMP, limited application PMP, and PMP involving restricted or special control
46、ledusage, storage, or handling due to safety or environmental concerns.RELIABILITY SUSPECT PMP A reliability suspect PMP is a part, material, or process that hasbeen determined from past performance data, analysis, and other industry sources to have specialreliability and quality concerns that could
47、 affect its performance in the intended design application.SPACE QUALITY PMP A space quality PMP is a part, material, or process, of the same qualityand reliability, produced on the same production line, by the same vendor and of the same design andconstruction, previously qualified and flown under
48、the same or more stringent space applications.CONTRACTOR The term “contractor” signifies a producer of modules or higher level items ofequipment. A contractor that provides items to another contractor can be identified as a“subcontractor”. Some system programs have one major contractor identified as
49、 a “prime contractor”,which is responsible directly to the acquisition activity. Other programs may have two or more majorcontractors, each responsible directly to the acquisition activity (neither one subordinate to the other),which are called “associate contractors”. In the case of programs with associate contractors, theacquisition activity may designate one associate contra
