1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 2.2GCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Total Station Reference Line MethodFIRST EDITION, JULY 2014Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and
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10、an Petroleum InstituteForewordChapter 2.2G of the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards should be used in conjunction with API MPMSChapter 2.2A, Measurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by the Manual Tank Strapping Method. Unitsof measure in this publication are in International
11、System (SI) and U.S. customary (USC) units consistent with NorthAmerican industry practices.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not r
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17、 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Application of the Total Stat
19、ion Reference Line Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Electro-optical Device General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Electro-optical Device Calibration and Recalib
20、ration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Electro-optical Device Field Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 Field Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 Verification Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 Acceptability Cr
22、iteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Electro-optical Device Field Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 Gen
23、eral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 Horizontal and Vertical Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 Horizontal Station Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 Instrument Setup for Vertical Stations at Horizontal Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 Electro-optical Device Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 Master Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 Master Working Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.3 Working Tape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 Reference Circumference. . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.5 Distance and Angular Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 Computation of Course Diam
29、eters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 Development of the Capacity Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Tables1 Number of Horizon
30、tal Stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Reference Circumference Tolerances (Soft Conversions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Figures1 TSRLM Device Verifi
31、cation at Site: Stadia Horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 TSRLM Device Verification at Site: Stadia Vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Distance and Vertical Angle . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Setting Location of Vertical Station Tangential Traverse Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14vIntroductionThe Total Station Reference Line Met
33、hod (TSRLM) is an alternative to the Manual Tank Strapping Method (MTSM) fordetermining tank diameter. The primary difference between TSRLM and MTSM is the procedure for determining tankdiameter at shell courses other than the bottom course. TSRLM requires measuring a reference circumference on theb
34、ottom course by manual strapping with a tape that is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) or other national metrology institute. The other required special measurements, procedures, methods, andanalytical tools for the development of a tank capacity table are identic
35、al to those stated in API MPMS Chapter 2.2A.In addition, TSRLM requires the measurement of deviations in tank diameter at other predetermined horizontal andvertical stations by using a total station electro-optical device. This method eliminates the use of a magnetic trolley that is required in the
36、external Optical Reference Line Method(ORLM, reference API MPMS Chapter 2.2B) for the calibration of upright cylindrical tanks; thus, it provides significantsafety enhancements by being able to do all the offset measurement work from ground level. vii1 Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using
37、the Total Station Reference Line Method 1 Scope This standard describes measurement and calculation procedures for determining the diameters of upright cylindrical tanks by taking vertical offset measurements externally using Electro-optical Distance Ranging (EODR) equipment rather than conventional
38、 ORLM plummet/trolley equipment. This standard is an alternate standard to API MPMS Ch. 2.2B. This standard is used in conjunction with API MPMS Ch. 2.2A. Calibration of insulated tanks is covered by API MPMS Ch. 2.2D. Abnormally deformed tanks that are dented or have other visible signs of damage a
39、re not covered by this standard. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) ap
40、plies. API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 2.2A, Measurement and Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by the Manual Tank Strapping Method 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Terms of more general use may
41、be found in the API MPMS Chapter 1 Online Terms and Definitions Database. 3.1 horizontal station Preestablished location in the horizontal plane at ground level along the tank circumference. 3.2 slope distance Distance measured from an EODR instrument to a vertical station on the tank. 3.3 vertical
42、station Preestablished location in the vertical plane along the tank shell, corresponding to a given horizontal station. 4 Application of the Total Station Reference Line Method This method is for the external calibration of upright cylindrical tanks. For tanks that are insulated, the insulation sha
43、ll be removed for application of this method, or the calibration may be undertaken internally per API MPMS Ch. 2.2D. 5 Electro-optical Device General Requirements The total station instrument should preferably have a locking device, the objective being to keep the horizontal angle constant while ver
44、tical station measurements are taken at any given horizontal station. The electro-optical device shall be capable of reading distances to within 2 mm and angles to within 5 sec or better. For the proper operation of the electro-optical device being used, follow manufacturers instructions. 2 API MPMS
45、 CHAPTER 2.2G 6 Electro-optical Device Calibration and Recalibration The electro-optical device shall carry a certificate of calibration that is traceable to the national reference standard. The factory calibration is acceptable provided that it carries traceability. The calibration certificate shal
46、l be renewed at a set frequency depending on the usage of the device that should be established based on the observed drift from base calibration. In any case the recalibration shall be undertaken at least once every 12 months. The certificate should carry residual uncertainty associated with distan
47、ce and the angle (vertical and horizontal) as well as the drift in these parameters prior to calibration. 7 Electro-optical Device Field Verification 7.1 Field Verification The term verification involves checking that the angle and the distance the device measures are within acceptable limits. Such
48、verification should be carried out using a stadia at each site at least once prior to the start of the actual tank calibration. See Figure 1 and Figure 2. A stadia is a graduated rod, 2 m in length between two marks. It may be made of a nickel ferrous alloy (NiFe), or other suitable material, with a
49、 thermal linear coefficient of 0.0000008 in./in. F. Alternately, a steel rod of equivalent length, measured with a master tape at the prescribed tension, and compensated for ambient temperature, may be used. 7.2 Verification Procedure The verification procedure is as follows. 1) Position the stadia at Location 1, approximately 10 ft away from the electro-optical device. 2) Put the stadia in an approximately horizontal orientation as in Figure 1. 3) Measure slope distance from the electro-optical device to stadia Target Point 1 (TP 1). 4) Measure slope distance from the electro-optical d
