1、Line Markers and Signage for Hazardous Liquid Pipelines and Facilities API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1109FIFTH EDITION, OCTOBER 2017Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations shou
2、ld be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or
3、responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API public
4、ations may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims
5、any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. The
6、se publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacture
7、r marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standa
8、rd.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should
9、 be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the RP. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when usi
10、ng this RP.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdictio
11、n.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 12
12、20 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2017 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. N
13、either should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to con
14、form to the standard.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “ca
15、n” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this
16、 publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any
17、part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertaine
18、d from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC
19、 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Conflicting Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Pipeline Facility Marking Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 General Description, Use, and Placement of Sig
22、nage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 Types of Posts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Line Markers. . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 Signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . 65.5 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Aboveground Pipeline Facility Marking and Signage Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . 106.1 Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 Pipeline Facilities Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.3 Sign Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Inspections and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Figures1 Examples of Cross Country Right-of-Way Marking Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Examples of Cross Country Markers and Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Examples of Offset Markers and Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Line Markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Line Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Examples of Surface Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Pipeline Sign for Navigable Waterways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Typical Aerial Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Typical Pipeline Facility Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15vIntroductionPipelines are, for the most part, b
32、uried conduits. As such, they operate safely, quietly, and hidden from view, with little disruption to the public or the surrounding environment. These attributes, which are highly desirable in any mode of transportation, generate the need for an organized system of markers and signs that visually a
33、lert the public to the presence of a pipeline and provide a contact number of the Pipeline Operator that can be used in the event of an emergency or before excavating near pipelines. Strategic placement of markers and signs also helps the Pipeline Operator to perform right-of-way surveillance, inspe
34、ctions and other day-to-day activities. Pipeline markers are an integral component of an Operators operating and maintenance program including damage prevention and public awareness programs.This recommended practice (RP) was prepared by a committee composed of representatives from pipeline operatin
35、g companies. Its purpose is to present guidelines concerning the design, fabrication, installation, and maintenance of permanently installed pipeline markers and signs.vi1Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities1 Scope 1.1 This RP addresses the permanent marking of hazardous liquid pipeline tran
36、sportation facilities. It covers the design, message, installation, placement, inspection, and maintenance of markers and signs on pipeline facilities located onshore and at inland waterway crossings. Markers and signs indicate the presence of a pipeline facility and warn of the potential hazards as
37、sociated with its presence and operation. The markers and signs may contain information to be used by the public when reporting emergencies and seeking assistance in determining the location of a buried pipeline.1.2 The provisions of this RP cover the minimum signage (markers and signs) requirements
38、 for hazardous liquid pipeline facilities. The Pipeline Operator is responsible for determining the type and extent of signage. Consideration should be given to the hazardous characteristics of the commodity being transported; the pipelines proximity to industrial, commercial, residential, and envir
39、onmentally sensitive areas; susceptibility to excavation-related damage; consequences of failure; and applicable state and federal laws. Several examples of markers and signs with locations are illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 6, and Figure 8. The pipeline marking progra
40、ms are integral components of the Pipeline Operators operations, maintenance and emergency plans, damage prevention programs, and public awareness programs.2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the
41、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ASME B31.4 1, Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries49 Code of Federal Regulations Part 195 2, “Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline”3 Terms a
42、nd DefinitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1aerial patrol or air patrol markerA marker observable from the air, which is used to identify a pipelines reference location by the aerial patrol pilot while conducting aerial surveillance of a pipeline right-of-way
43、(ROW).NOTE Information on the marker might consist of distance from a point of reference, usually in miles, name or numbers of above ground facilities, direction of the ROW, a Point of Intersection (PI) where the ROW turns, or other information useful to the pilot.3.2hazardous liquidPetroleum, petro
44、leum products, anhydrous ammonia, ethanol, or carbon dioxide and any substance that may pose an unreasonable risk to life or property if released, when transported by a hazardous liquid pipeline facility in a liquid state.1ASME International, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990, www.asme.org.2The
45、 Code of Federal Regulations is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.2 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 11093.3line marker or pipeline markerSignage used along the pipeline ROW and at above ground pipeline facilities to alert the public and emergency responders of the pre
46、sence of a pipeline facility. 3.4petroleumCrude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, and liquefied petroleum gas.3.5petroleum productFlammable, toxic, or corrosive products obtained from distilling and processing of crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, blend stocks, an
47、d other miscellaneous hydrocarbon compounds.3.6other markersSignage other than aerial patrol, air patrol marker, line marker, or pipeline marker used to identify the presence of a pipeline facility solely for the benefit of a Pipeline Operator or to provide additional information concerning the loca
48、tion or facility.3.7pipeline facilityNew and existing pipe; rights-of-way; and any equipment, facility, or building used in the transportation of hazardous liquids or carbon dioxide.3.8pipeline operatorAny individual, firm, joint venture, partnership, corporation, association, state, municipality, a
49、nd cooperative association, including any trustee, receiver, assigned or personal representative thereof, who owns and operates a pipeline system.3.9pipeline systemAll parts of a pipeline facility through which hazardous liquid is transported that includes, but is not limited to, pipe; valves, and other appurtenances connected to the pipe; pumping units, along with the fabricated assemblies associated with the pumping units; metering and delivery stations and fabricated assemblies therein; and breakout tanks.3.10Point of InflectionPIsA change in the pipeline(s) direction or point of
