1、Preparation of Response Plans for Oil Spills from Offshore FacilitiesAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1145 SECOND EDITION, FEBRUARY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations shou
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3、sponsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publicatio
4、ns may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to ensure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any li
5、ability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These public
6、ations are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking e
7、quipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights
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9、 NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2018 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should
10、 anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the st
11、andard.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a st
12、atement of possibility or capability.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or c
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14、 published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standar
15、ds Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org
16、.iiiContentsPage1 Scope and Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 General Recommendations for Oil Spill Response Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 Oil Spill Response Plan Content and Layout Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . 63.2 Optional Quick Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.3 Regulatory Compliance Cross Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . 83.4 Tier Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.5 Referencing Other Documents and Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.6 Other Concepts in Offshore Oil Spill Response Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Oil Spill Response Plan and Quick Guide Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . 114.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.2 Template Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.3 Tables and Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.4 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A (informative) Offshore Oil Spill Response Plan Template. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Annex B (informative) Quick Guide Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131FiguresQuick Guide Template Contents. . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241 Response Deployment Strategies and Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Annex A Figures1-1 General Pattern of Oil Spill Response
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142-1 On-Scene Response Actions Sample Flowchart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183-1 Sample Notification Flowchart. . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285-1 Team Relationships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435-2 Sample Tier 1 Incident M
28、anagement Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445-3 Sample Tier 2 Incident Management Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445-4 Sample Tier 3 Incident Managemen
29、t Team. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455-5 Sample Unified Command Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485-6 Sample Area Command Structure. . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486-1 Sample Spill Response Strategy Decision Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506-2 Sample Nonmechanical Spill Strategies Author
31、ization Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556-3 Example “Concept of Operations” Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596-4a Example Response Strategies Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606-4b Example Response Strategies Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616-5 Example Mechanical Recovery Tactical Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646-6 Example Dispersant Tactical Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666-7 Example In-Situ Burning Tactical Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68C-1 Tier 1 Safety Management Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98C-2 Tier 2 Safety Management Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99C-3 Tier 3 Safety Management Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Annex A Tables2-1 Example On-Scene Initial Response Actions. . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19vContentsPage2-2 Qualified Individual or Incident Commander Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202-3 Sample Oil Volume Tracking Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252-4 Example List of Response Objectives and their Related Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262-5 Sample Response Asset List Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273-1 Sample Notification Contact List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304-1 Sample Oil Spill Containment and Removal Resource List . . . . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345-1 Sample Team Member Roles and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466-1 Example “Windows of Opportunity” Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53B-1 Sample Oil Discharge Scenario Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88B-2 Sample Impact Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90B-3 Oil Discharge ScenariosConsequence Priority Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93B-4 Worst-Case Discharge Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94IntroductionThis API Recommended Practice (RP) for the preparation of offshore oil spill response plans was developed fororganizations engaged in the oil and gas exploration, production, and transportation (pipeline) industry to capturelessons learned during the r
43、esponse to the 2010 BP/Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It was preparedby the API Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Subcommittee - Spill Planning Workgroup which consisted of oil spillplanning and response subject matter experts from various API member companies as well as non-me
44、mber oil andgas companies, consulting firms, Oil Spill Removal Organizations (OSROs) and the regulatory community. It wasoriginally developed as a guidance document but subsequently converted to a Recommended Practice to facilitatewider distribution and utilization.In developing the original guidanc
45、e document, the Workgroup identified the types of information and guidance thatwould be most useful in implementing a response to an offshore oil spill particularly in the initial or reactive phase.Current best practices in oil spill planning and preparedness developed and/or utilized by the Workgro
46、up memberswere incorporated where practical and appropriate. Lessons learned from the Deepwater Horizon incident, availableoil spill planning and preparedness guidelines (both U.S. and International), and current U.S. oil spill planningregulations for offshore and coastal areas were also used to inf
47、orm the development of the document content andformat. The guidance document was well received by API members resulting in the decision to convert it to an RP. RPsrequire additional rigor with respect to content and format as well as the involvement, to the extent practical, ofexternal parties inclu
48、ding the regulatory community. The aforementioned, more inclusive, Spill Planning Workgroupwas then formed and over the course of close to two years, made significant revisions to the original guidancedocument to incorporate additional best practices and lessons learned as well as to improve the con
49、tent and formatand to comply with APIs RP standards.It is important to note that the use of this RP in the development of an oil spill response plan will not guarantee 100percent recovery of subsequent oil spills nor will it eliminate all potential environmental impacts. Plans developedusing this guidance should, however, increase the chance of an expeditious, well-coordinated and effective responseto an oil spill.The main body of this RP provides general information on references, terminology and considerations that weretaken into account when developing this document. The recommendati
