1、Specification for Drilling Fluids MaterialsANSI/API SPECIFICATION 13AEIGHTEENTH EDITION, FEBRUARY 2010EFFECTIVE DATE: AUGUST 1, 2010ERRATA 1, AUGUST 2014ERRATA 2, MAY 2015ERRATA 3, JULY 2015REAFFIRMED, JULY 2015CONTAINS API MONOGRAM ANNEX AS PART OF U.S. NATIONAL ADOPTIONISO 13500:2009 (Identical),
2、Petroleum and natural gas industriesDrilling FluidsSpecifications and testingSpecial NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employee
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18、 years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.
19、Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiii Contents Page API Foreword ii Foreword . vii Introduction viii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations .
20、1 3.1 Terms and definitions . 1 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 2 4 Requirements . 4 4.1 Quality control instructions 4 4.2 Use of test calibration materials in checking testing procedures 4 4.3 Records retention 4 5 Calibration 5 5.1 Coverage 5 5.2 Equipment requiring calibration 5 5.2.1 Volumetric g
21、lassware 5 5.2.2 Laboratory thermometers . 5 5.2.3 Laboratory balances . 6 5.2.4 Sieves . 6 5.2.5 Hydrometer . 6 5.2.6 Motor-driven, direct-indicating viscometer 7 5.2.7 Laboratory pressure-measuring device 8 5.2.8 Mixer . 9 5.2.9 Chemicals and solutions 9 5.2.10 Deionized (or distilled) water 10 5.
22、2.11 API test calibration materials . 10 5.3 Calibration intervals 10 5.3.1 General . 10 5.3.2 Thermometers 10 5.3.3 Laboratory balances . 10 5.3.4 Sieves . 10 5.3.5 Hydrometer . 10 5.3.6 Motor-driven, direct-indicating viscometers 10 5.3.7 Mixer . 10 5.3.8 Deionized (or distilled) water 11 5.3.9 La
23、boratory pressure-measuring devices 11 5.3.10 API test calibration materials . 11 6 Packaged material . 11 6.1 Description . 11 6.2 Apparatus Pallets 11 6.3 Apparatus Bags 12 6.4 Marking Pallets 12 6.5 Marking Bags 12 6.6 Pallet covers. 12 6.7 Package mass 13 ii6.8 Storage . 13 6.9 Recycling . 13 6.
24、9.1 General . 13 6.9.2 Pallets 13 6.9.3 Cover 13 6.9.4 Bags . 13 7 Barite 13 7.1 Principle . 13 7.2 Reagents and apparatus Density by Le Chatelier flask . 14 7.3 Procedure Density by Le Chatelier flask . 14 7.4 Calculation Density by Le Chatelier flask 15 7.5 Reagents and apparatus Water-soluble alk
25、aline earths as calcium . 15 7.6 Procedure Water-soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium 16 7.7 Calculation Water-soluble alkaline earths as calcium . 17 7.8 Reagents and materials Residue of diameter greater than 75 m 17 7.9 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 18 7.10 Calculation Res
26、idue of diameter greater than 75 m . 18 7.11 Reagents and apparatus Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by sedimentation method 18 7.12 Procedure Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by sedimentation method . 19 7.13 Calculation Particles less than 6 m in equ
27、ivalent spherical diameter by sedimentation method . 19 8 Haematite (hematite) 23 8.1 Principle . 23 8.2 Reagent and apparatus Density by Le Chatelier flask . 24 8.3 Procedure Density by Le Chatelier flask . 24 8.4 Calculation Density by Le Chatelier flask 25 8.5 Reagents and apparatus Water-soluble
28、 alkaline earth metals as calcium 25 8.6 Procedure Water-soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium 26 8.7 Calculation Water-soluble alkaline earth metals as calcium . 27 8.8 Reagents and apparatus Residues greater than 75 m and less than 45 m 27 8.9 Procedure Residues of diameter greater than 75 m an
29、d 45 m 28 8.10 Calculation Residues of diameter greater than 75 m and 45 m 28 8.11 Reagents and apparatus Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by the sedimentation method 28 8.12 Procedure Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by the sedimentation method . 29 8
30、.13 Calculation Particles less than 6 m in equivalent spherical diameter by the sedimentation method . 30 9 Bentonite . 31 9.1 Principle . 31 9.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties . 33 9.3 Procedure Rheology of suspension. 33 9.4 Calculation Rheology of suspension . 34 9.5 Procedure Filtr
31、ate volume of suspension . 34 9.6 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension . 34 9.7 Reagents and apparatus Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 34 9.8 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 35 9.9 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 35 10 Non-treated bentonite . 36
32、 10.1 Principle . 36 10.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties . 36 10.3 Procedure Rheology of the suspension 37 10.4 Calculation Rheology of the suspension 37 iii 10.5 Procedure Dispersed plastic viscosity of the suspension . 37 10.6 Procedure Dispersed filtrate volume of the suspension 38
33、10.7 Calculation Dispersed filtrate volume of the suspension 38 11 OCMA grade bentonite 38 11.1 Principle 38 11.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties 39 11.3 Procedure Rheology of the suspension . 39 11.4 Calculation Rheology of the suspension . 40 11.5 Procedure Filtrate volume of the susp
34、ension 40 11.6 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension 40 11.7 Reagents and apparatus Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 41 11.8 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 41 11.9 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m 42 12 Attapulgite 42 12.1 Principle 42 12.2 Reagents
35、 and apparatus Suspension properties 42 12.3 Procedure 600 r/min dial reading of the suspension 43 12.4 Reagent and apparatus Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 43 12.5 Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 44 12.6 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m 44 12.7 Reagent an
36、d apparatus Moisture 44 12.8 Procedure Moisture 45 12.9 Calculation Moisture . 45 13 Sepiolite 45 13.1 Principle 45 13.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties 45 13.3 Procedure 600 r/min dial reading of suspension 46 13.4 Reagents and apparatus Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 46 13.5
37、Procedure Residue of diameter greater than 75 m . 47 13.6 Calculation Residue of diameter greater than 75 m 47 13.7 Reagents and apparatus Moisture 47 13.8 Procedure Moisture 48 13.9 Calculation Moisture . 48 14 Technical-grade low-viscosity CMC (CMC-LVT) 48 14.1 Principle 48 14.2 Reagents and appar
38、atus Determination of starch and starch derivatives . 49 14.3 Procedure Determination of starch and starch derivatives . 49 14.4 Interpretation Determination of starch and starch derivatives 50 14.5 Reagents and apparatus Solution properties of water-soluble polymers 50 14.6 Procedure Viscometer rea
39、ding in deionized water . 51 14.7 Procedure Filtrate volume of suspension 51 14.8 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension 52 15 Technical-grade high-viscosity CMC (CMC-HVT) 52 15.1 Principle 52 15.2 Reagents and apparatus Determination of starch and starch derivatives . 53 15.3 Procedure Deter
40、mination of starch and starch derivatives . 54 15.4 Interpretation Determination of starch and starch derivatives 54 15.5 Reagents and apparatus Solution properties of water-soluble polymers 55 15.6 Procedure Viscometer reading in deionized water . 55 15.7 Procedure Viscometer reading in 40 g/l salt
41、 water . 56 15.8 Procedure Viscometer reading in saturated salt water 56 15.9 Procedure Filtrate volume of the suspension 57 15.10 Calculation Filtrate volume of the suspension 58 iv16 Starch . 58 16.1 Principle . 58 16.2 Reagents and apparatus Suspension properties . 58 16.3 Procedure Viscometer re
42、ading in 40 g/l salt water . 59 16.4 Procedure Filtrate volume of 40 g/l salt solution 60 16.5 Calculation Filtrate volume of the 40 g/l salt solution 60 16.6 Procedure Viscometer reading in the saturated salt solution . 60 16.7 Procedure Filtrate volume of the saturated salt solution 61 16.8 Calcul
43、ation Filtrate volume of the saturated salt solution . 61 16.9 Reagents and apparatus Residue greater than 2 000 m 61 16.10 Procedure Residue greater than 2 000 m 62 17 Low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV) 62 17.1 Principle . 62 17.2 Qualitative starch determination in water-soluble polymers
44、 . 63 17.2.1 Description 63 17.2.2 Reagents and materials . 63 17.2.3 Apparatus 63 17.2.4 Procedure Preparation of the iodine/iodide solution . 64 17.2.5 Procedure Preparation of the PAC-LV solution and starch determination 64 17.2.6 Results Starch test for PAC-LV 64 17.3 Moisture content . 65 17.3.
45、1 Apparatus 65 17.3.2 Procedure 65 17.3.3 Calculation . 65 17.4 Filtrate volume 65 17.4.1 Reagents and materials . 65 17.4.2 Apparatus 66 17.4.3 Procedure Filtrate volume of the PAC-LV . 66 17.4.4 Calculation Filtrate volume of PAC-LV 67 17.5 Fluid apparent viscosity . 67 17.5.1 Procedure Fluid appa
46、rent viscosity . 67 17.5.2 Calculation Fluid apparent viscosity 68 18 High-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) 68 18.1 Principle . 68 18.2 Qualitative starch determination in water soluble polymers . 69 18.2.1 Principle . 69 18.2.2 Reagents and materials . 69 18.2.3 Apparatus 69 18.2.4 Procedur
47、e Preparation of the iodine/iodide solution . 70 18.2.5 Procedure Preparation of the PAC-HV solution and starch determination . 70 18.2.6 Results Starch test for PAC-HV 70 18.3 Moisture content . 71 18.3.1 Apparatus 71 18.3.2 Procedure 71 18.3.3 Calculation . 71 18.4 Filtrate volume 71 18.4.1 Reagen
48、ts and materials . 71 18.4.2 Apparatus 72 18.4.3 Procedure Filtrate volume of the PAC-HV . 72 18.4.4 Calculation Filtrate volume of the PAC-HV . 73 18.5 Fluid apparent viscosity . 73 18.5.1 Procedure Fluid apparent viscosity . 73 18.5.2 Calculation Fluid apparent viscosity 74 19 Drilling-grade xanth
49、an gum . 74 19.1 Principle . 74 v 19.2 Qualitative starch determination in xanthan gum 74 19.2.1 Principle 74 19.2.2 Reagents . 74 19.2.3 Apparatus . 75 19.2.4 Procedure Preparation of the iodine/iodide solution for qualitative starch determination 76 19.2.5 Procedure Preparation of xanthan gum solution for qualitative starch determination 76 19.2.
