1、Measurement and Calibration of Tank CarsAPI STANDARD 2554FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1966REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2012SPECIAL NOTES 1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A STANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. 2. API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES O
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6、ATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS AND MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API, 1220 L STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005. GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUM- AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CON- SOMETIMES A ONE-TIME EXTENSION OF UP TO TWO YEARS WILL BE F
7、ORE WORD . The standard in this publication is one of a series approved jointly by the American Petroleum Institute and the American Society for Testing and Materials. This standard is the result of a cooperative anangement established by the two organizations to develop and jointly approve and publ
8、ish standards dealing with quantitative and qualitative measure- ments of petroleum products and lubricants. The American Petroleum Institute and the American Society for Testing and Materiais take no position as to whether any method, apparatus, or product mentioned herein is covered by an existing
9、 patent, nor as to the validity of any patent alleged to cover any such me:hod. apparatus. or product. Furthermore, the information contained in this standard does not grant the right. by implication or otherwise, for manufacture, sale, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product cov
10、ered by letters patent; nor does it insure anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. This standard may be used by anyone desiring to do so, but neither the American Petroleum Institute nor the American Society for Testing and Materiais shall be held responsible or liable in any wa
11、y either for loss or damage resulting therefrom, or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulations with which it may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Measure- ment Coordination Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L
12、 Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. CONTENTS l*AI.Y scope . 7 PART I . PROCEDURE FOR CALIBRATING NONPRESSURE TANK CARS General 7 Water Gage Plant procedure 7 Design and Construction of Gage Plants . 7 Calibration of Water Gage Plants . 9 Primary .Measures . 9 Intermediate Measures . 9 Procedure f
13、or Calibrating Gage Tankis . 10 Procedure for Calibrating Finishing Tsaks . 11 Check Cage Pla+ Il Procedure for Cahbrating SingleComprrrtment Tank Car Tanks 11 Entire Outage Table 12 General 12 Procedure for Obtaining Outage Table . 12 Water-Weighing Procedure 12 General 12 Definitions . 13 Procedur
14、e . 13 13 Equipment 13 Measuring Procedure 13 Recording of Data 17 Computation of Tank Volume . 17 Dome Capacity 20 Tank capacity . 21 Preparahon of Volume Table 21 Calibrating Single-Compartment Tank Car Tanke by Exteml Strapping Procedure PART I . PROCEDURE FOR CALIBRATING PRESSURE TANK CARS Gener
15、al Installation of Gage Tube (Slip Tube) . Water Gage Plant Procedure Procedure for Calibrating Pressure-Type Tank Car Tanks Calibratiq Pressure;Type Tank Cars for Incremenbi Capscity Tables Freparahon for Calibrating . Calibratipg Car Tank for Incremental Capacity Tables Preparahon of Gage Tablee b
16、y Calculations Water-Weighing Procedure . : . Definitions . Procedure . APPENDIX-Tables for Determination of Incremental Volumes and Water Density CoeIaCients 25 28 28 30 Standard Method for MEASUREMENT ASI) CALIBRATIOK OF TAXK CARS API Standrrd: 2554 ASTM Designation: D 1409-65 ADOPE, I%.:. This st
17、andard of the American Petroleum Institute issued under the fixed designation BPI 2554 is also a standard of the American Society for Testing and Materials issued under the fixed designation I) 1409; the find number indicates the pear of original adoption as standard, or, in the case of revision, th
18、e pear of last revision. This method um adopted aq a joint API-ASTM standard in 1965. *Pe 1. This standard describes the proce- dures for calibrating tank cars. It is pre- sented in two parts: Part I (Sections 2 to 21) outlines procedures for nonpres- sure-type tank cais; Part II (Sections 22 to 31)
19、 outlines procedures for pressure- type tank cars. Nm 1.4ther calibration standards are: surement and Calibration of Spheres and API Slanar 255O-ASTM D 1290: Nea- mrrement ami Cabration of Upright Cyl- indrical Tanks API Stanmd SSl-ASTM D 1410: Mea- surement and Cairation of Horizontal Tanks API Sta
20、ndard 255LASThf D 1408: Mea- Spheroids API Shdard 2553-ASTM D 1407: Mea- muement and Cabration of Barges API Standard 2556-ASTM D 1406: Liquid Calibration of Tanks PART I. PROCEDURE FOR CALIBRATING NONPRESSURE TANK CARS and the new capac- ity should be reported in accordance with instructions in Fre
21、ight Tanfl No. 300, latest issue and supplements thereto, is- sued under ICC authority for United States, Canadian, and Mexican railroads. VA- CAGE PLAKT PBDCEDURE Design and bnstraetion of Gage Phnt6 3. (a) The gage plant (see Fig. I) shall consist of one or more elevated tanks 7 s MEASUREMENT AND
22、CALIBRATION OF TASK CARS (APL 25%-ASTN D 1409) . II Nm.-Any and aii delivery pipes to the car must have a slope of not les than 2 in. per foot to i+sure proper and-rapid drainap. It is preferred to have a direct discharge pipe from the finishing tank to the car. However, the discharge pipes may be m
23、anifolded to avoid movement of car during Casng. FIG. .-TTPIC.+L LAYOUT OF WATER G.cE PLAST of convenient size, and sha be used for water gaging tank car tanks. In addition to the main tank or tanks, there sha be a finishing tank equipped with an ex- ted gage glass throughout its length and so conne
24、cted that the water level in the giass shall conform to the water levei in the tank. This hisbing tank sha be of smaii diameter CO that accurate read- ings are obtained when d quantities of water are withdrawn. (b) The gage tanks shall have conical bottoms and tops-preferably inched at an angle of 4
25、5 deg or greater from the horizontal-and shall be provided with drawoff valves at the bottom and suitable connections at the top for filing with water. The connections for filling the tank shall be provided with wing joints so that they may be moved away from the opening at the top of the tank. The
26、water in the tank will then be completely separated from its source of supply. All connections shall be so placed that the water on the tank side of the valve %-ill drain completeiy. (c) The openings at the top of the gage tanks (which shall be just large enough to permit entrance for inspection of
27、the tanks shall be circular or eipticai in shape, have true and absolutely levei edges, or be equipped with V-notches, so that, when iied to overflowing, the tanks shail necessarily contain a dehite volume. (d) The water shaii be conveyed by gravity from the gage tanks to the car tank. The piping be
28、tween the valve of the gage tank and the dome opening of the car tank shall be as short and direct as possible, and shall be inclined at an angle that will promote rapid and complete drainage. (e) During gaging operations the gage tanks and the tank car tanks shall be housed to protect them from the
29、 sun and rain. (1) A section of level track-preferably laid on concrete-on which a car may re- main undisturbed for any desired length of time in the latter case, they shaii be calibrated either to hold or to deliver. If calibrated to hold they shall be wiped dry with a cloth each time used; if cali
30、brated to deliver, the measures shaU be cleaned out frequently to remove any dirt or oil. Intumediate Yeasarea 5. (a) For the calibration of gage tanks, a cylindrical measure shall be used. This measure shall be of intemediate capacity of approximately 50 to 500 gai (herein- after referred to as the
31、 “intermediate measure”). It shaii have cone-shaped ends, terminating in a small neck at each end (see Fig. 2), it shall be equipped with a drawoff valve at the bottom, and it shall be provided with an overflow at the top. If the tank is of such construction that it cannot be inspected for accumu- l
32、ation of foreign matter, it shall be recali- brated frequently. (b) When calibrating the intermediate measure, level it accurately; fill it with water; and then drain it, allowing 2 min for this operation; and close the valve. Fill the principal primary measure, taking approximately 2 min for the op
33、eration and using 3 soft flexible connection which may be inserted into the measure in such 3 way that, while filling, the end wiil be below the surface of the water. After the primary measure has been filled, remove hose, make up outage, and strike the measure gently nlth the flat of the hand sound
34、 the sides and the top to release any bubbles. Slide the glass disk, ground side dota, over the opening, observing whether or not any bubbles are visible through the giass. If so, siide the gias back part way, and aith a small sponge ndd more water until no bubble c3n be II FIG. PICAL AL INERMEDIAZE
35、 MEASURE WITH SUPPORT. 10 seen. Hold the glas firmiy in place, fully covering the opening, and with a small sponge take out aii the water in the pour- ing lip. Thereupon, have an assistant carefully raise the measure to the proper position for pouring into the intermediate measure. The operator shal
36、l hold the glass firmiy over the opening and, 3s the mea- sure is being tilted to pour, lie slisll slide the disk off. While the contents of the principal primary measure are being poured into the intermediate measure, care sul be taken so that the primary measure is not aiiowed to rest against the
37、inter- mediate measure-the primary measure shaii be entirely supported in the hands of the then divide by 3,785, the number of miEi- liters in the US. standard gallon. This quantity, added to the quantity poured in by means of the principal primary mea- sure, gives the total capacity. The tem- perat
38、ure of the water used must approxi- mate 60 F; if 3 temperature char.qe occurs during cdibration, appropriate correction should be made. (e) h delivery pipette is roiivciiicnt for the removal of any excess liquiti when a desired mark on a smnll rontainer or zrndii:ite is overrun. (f) If 3 primary me
39、asure with needle gage is used, the intermediate measure shall first be filled with water to tlie prc- detcrmined point; then the wtrr shall ix drained slowly into the principal pri- mary measure to 3 point where tlie liquid just touches the needle gage. If this pro- cedure is employed, the principa
40、l primary measure shall be calibrated preferably to hold rather than to deliver. If surplus wer is drained into the principal pn- mary measure, it shall be removed with a pipette-the accumulations of surplus liquid being measured after the intermedi- ate mesure has been drained. The quan- tity so me
41、asured shdl be ndded to that mesured in the principal primary mea- sure. (9) For the purpose of obtaining con- stant results, s well as for the purpose of scertaining the average of calibrations used in determining the capacity of the gage tanks, the intermediate measure shall be calibrated at least
42、 three times-more, if necessary. (h) When cdibrating intermediate mea- sures or gage tanks, the work shall be dis- continued if the atmospheric conditions cause “sweating“ or condensation on the outside or inside of the vessels being cdi- brated. (i) After the exact capacity of the in- termediate me
43、asure has been determined, the measure shaii be placed under the masuring tank to be calibrated and care- fully leveled. It is expedient to fasten to the sides of the measure lugs which can Le made to rest on a stout wooden support or table of such height that the valves under- neath the measure can
44、 be conveniently handled. Proadare for Calibriiing Cage Tank. U. (a) A plug or reducer, of such de- sign that no water can be entrapped in it, shaU be connected to the outlet of the gage tmk below its valve, the plug king tapped for approximately 3 i-in. pipe. The operator shall then make certain th
45、at the inside of the tank to be gaged is clean 3nd free from nist. Thereupon the dis- charge valve on the gage tank shall be closed, the supply vdves opened, and the tank fiiied with water. It is important that water used for calibration be clean and clear. If the water is used repeatedly, it is wel
46、l to treat it with 3 rust inhibitor. The ralves of the gage tank shall then bc esamined to make certain that they are in good condition and that they do not leak. If 3 leak is found, the valves shall be repaired before proceeding. (b) The I-in. pipe shall then Le screwed into the plug at the bottom
47、of tlie tank; it shall be run down to a 1-in. valve which is placed in such a position that the operator can readily esamine the inside of the intermediate measure and at the same time, by means of this valve, regulate the flow of the water into the top of the measure. To insure tightness and ease o
48、f operation, the I-in. raive shall be tested before it is applied. The valve should close tightly without effort. To bring the operator to the proper height for conveniently inspecting the water in the intermediate measure, a platform shall be built around the measure. (c) The piping having been ins
49、talled and the gage tank having been filled with water, the intermediate measure shall be carefully e.umined to see that the interior IS perfectly clean. It shall then be filled and emptied to wet the interior surfaces and allowed to drain for at least 2 min, whereupon the discharge valve at the bottom sidi be closed. Thi “drainage period,“ once having been determined, shall be used at aii times in connection with the operation of the gage plant. (d) The gage tank shall then be in- spected to see that it is filied to overow- ing and that no more mater can be added.
